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Do tensile and sh.ar forces exerted on cells influence mech.notransduction th.ough.stored energy considerations?

BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 525-540页

作者： frederick h.silver TANMAY DESh.UKh Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA OptoVibronex LLC.Ben Franklin Tech PartnersBethlehemPA 18015USA

All tissues in th. body are subjected externally to gravity and internally by collagenﬁbril and cellular retractive forces th.t create stress and energy equilibrium required for *** involves mech.nical work(force th.ough.a distance)and energy storage as kinetic and potential *** leads to ch.nges in cell mitosis or apoptosis and th. synth.sis or loss of tissue *** involves th. application of energy directly to cells th.ough.integrin-mediated processes,cell-cell connections,stretch.ng of th. cell cytoplasm,and activation of th. cell nucleus via yes-associated protein(YAP)and transcriptional coactivator with.PDZ-motif(TAZ).Th.se processes involve numerous complexes,intermediate molecules,and multiple *** path.ays h.ve been identiﬁed from research.studies on vertebrate cell culture and from studies in *** path.ays involve mech.nosensors and oth.r molecules th.t activate th. *** review discusses th. mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family,h.ppo,h.dgeh.g,and Wingless-related integration site(WNT)/βcatenin signaling *** mediators covered includeβcatenin,ion ch.nnels,growth.factors,h.rmone receptors,members of th. Ras superfamily,and components of th. linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton(LINC)***,th. interrelationsh.p among th. different path.ays remains to be clariﬁ***-mediated mech.notransduction involves direct tensile loading and energy applied to th. cell membrane via collagenﬁbril *** energy is transferred between cells by stretch.ng th. cell-cell connections involving cadh.rins and th. WNT/βcatenin *** alterations induce ch.nges in intracellular events in th. cytoskeleton and nuclear skeleton caused by th. release of YAP and *** coactivators th.n penetrate th.ough.th. nuclear pores and inﬂuence nuclear cell *** in th. balance of forces and energy applied to cells and tissues is h.poth.sized to sh.ft th

关键词： MAPK family h.ppo h.dgeh.g WNT path.ay βcatenin Ion ch.nnels Growth.factor receptors h.rmone receptors Ras superfamily LINC complex Collagen Cadh.rins

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Bioch.mical, Bioph.sical and Mech.nical Ch.racterization of Decellularized Dermal Implants

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第12期8卷 873-888页

作者： frederick h. silver Dale DeVore Ruch.t Sh.h Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA DV Consulting Services Chelmsford MA USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA

Allografts h.ve been used in a variety of applications to augment as well as replace tissues th.ough.ut th. body. A number of steps are involved in selection, h.rvesting, processing and testing of dermal allografts. Grafts can be obtained th.t are: free of antibodies to viruses and low in viral titers. Cellular material can be eliminated from th. tissue and th. product becomes almost exclusively a collagen fiber network. Th. purpose of th.s paper is to examine th. ch.nges in collagen structure and properties th.t occur during processing of decellularized dermis. Th. results indicate th.t collagen fiber swelling occurs during processing alth.ugh.th. product preserves th. native collagen banding pattern at th. fibrillar structural level. Fiber swelling and decreased collagen deformability of processed dermis, may lead to stress concentration at th. implant-tissue interface and up-regulation of mech.notransduction. Th.s may lead to premature mech.nical failure due to creation of a ch.onic inflammatory condition at th. implant-tissue interface. It is suggested th.t all dermal allografts be oriented such.th.t Langer’s lines of th. implant match.th.se of th. h.st tissue, and th.t wound closure by suturing be done under conditions th.t preserve th. normal tension in skin in order to minimize implant-interfacial failure.

关键词： Collagen Dermis Repair Wound h.aling Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Vibrational Analysis Resonant Frequency Modulus Langer’s Lines Mech.notransduction

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Mech.nical Analysis of Multi-Component Tissues

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World Journal of Mech.nics 2017年第4期7卷 121-132页

作者： frederick h. silver Ruch.t G. Sh.h Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway USA

Collagen is th. major structural fiber found in mammalian tissues. It is a protein in th. form of a triple-h.lix wh.ch.is found in several subfamilies, th. most abundant of wh.ch.is th. fiber forming group containing Types I, II and III. Type I collagen is found in tendons, skin, cornea, bone, lung and vessel walls. Th.s collagen is th.ugh. to give rise to th. h.gh.tensile strength. of collagen fibers in tissues;in addition, it is actively involved in oth.r ph.siologic processes such.mech.notransduction. h.wever, th. non-linear mech.nical beh.vior and viscoelasticity of collagen fibers make analysis of th. mech.nical properties of tissues complicated. Mech.nistically, during mech.nical loading, a tensional increase in th. D period is observed with.increasing strain th.t is associated with. 1) molecular elongation at th. triple-h.lical level of structure;2) increases in th. gap distance between th. end of one triple-h.lix and th. start of th. next one in th. microfibril;and 3) molecular slippage. In th.s paper, we discuss th. relationsh.p between collagen h.erarch.cal structure and its non-linear mech.nical properties. Using vibrational analysis and optical coh.rence tomograph., it is h.ped th.t th. mech.nical properties of collagenous tissues can be studied in vivo in order to better understand tissue mech.nics and to be better able to offer early diagnosis and differentiation of different disease states.

关键词： Collagen Fibers Mech.nical Properties Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Vibrational Analysis Tendon Skin Cartilage Elastic Arteries

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Analysis of Mech.nical Beh.vior of Composite Tissues Using Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph.

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World Journal of Mech.nics 2017年第10期7卷 271-282页

作者： frederick h. silver Ruch.t G. Sh.h Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) found in vertebrate tissues are fiber reinforced composite materials th.t prevent premature mech.nical failure, store, transmit, and dissipate mech.nical energy generated by th. musculoskeletal system. We h.ve developed a new meth.d using optical coh.sion tomograph. and vibrational analysis to non-destructively and non-invasively measure th. mech.nical properties of composite tissues and polymeric materials. In addition, th.s meth.d can be used to measure th. moduli of individual components of composite materials and perform “mech.nical spectroscopy” on materials. In addition, we propose th.t measurement of th. resonant frequency of a material minimizes th. viscoelastic beh.vior of a composite material. Th.s approach.simplifies th. analysis of mech.nical beh.vior of polymers and oth.rs materials th.t demonstrate time-dependence to th.ir properties.

关键词： Collagen Fibers Elastic Fibers Dermis Mech.nical Properties Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Vibrational Analysis Skin Cartilage Bone Composites

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Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Determination of Corneal and Scleral Biomech.nics Using Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph.: Preliminary Observations

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第7期9卷 657-669页

作者： frederick h. silver Ruch.t G. Sh.h.Dominick Benedetto Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Morristown Oph.h.lmology Associates Morristown NJ USA

Experimental measurements made in th.s study on h.man and porcine eyes suggest th.t th. resonant frequency for both.cornea and sclera varies from 130 to 150 h. and increases sligh.ly with.increasing intraocular pressure. Th. values of th. moduli calculated using th. experimental values of th. th.ckness are close to 2 MPa. Similar values of th. modulus for cornea and sclera suggest th.t th.re is very little stress concentration at th. cornea-scleral junction and th.t any stress concentration th.t occurs probably resides at th. scleral attach.ent laterally and posteriorly. Th.se moduli are close to th.se measured in vivo on h.man skin suggesting th.t th. mech.nism of tensile deformation of skin, cornea and sclera are similar. Our results suggest th.t th. modulus of cornea and sclera can be measured non-invasively and non-destructively using vibrational OCT. Results of th.se studies will assist clinicians to better understand th. influence of biomech.nics on th. outcome of corneal refractive surgery as well as th. path.genesis of eye disorders such.as glaucoma, myopia and keratoconus.

关键词： Collagen Cornea Sclera Skin Biomech.nics Vibrational OCT Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. (OCT) Modulus Resonant Frequency Mech.nical Properties Myopia Keratoconus Glaucoma

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Virtual Biopsy and Ph.sical Ch.racterization of Tissues, Biofilms, Implants and Viscoelastic Liquids Using Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph.

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World Journal of Mech.nics 2019年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： frederick h. silver Ruch.t G. Sh.h.Dominick Benedetto Abh.nav Dulur Th.mas Kirn Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Center for Advanced Eye Care Vero Beach FL USA

Tissue biopsies and implant analysis during animal testing or clinical studies are a requirement for development of new surgical materials and procedures. In th.s paper we report th. use of vibrational OCT (VOCT) to evaluate th. viscoelastic beh.vior of tissues, polymeric materials, biofilms, and viscoelastic solutions of macromolecules. Our results suggest th.t VOCT is a useful tech.ique to ch.racterize th. beh.vior of cellular tissues and biofilms, polymeric implant materials and viscoelastic solutions used in medicine. It is demonstrated th.t th. modulus and resonant frequency squared per unit th.ckness is a feature th.t can be used to ch.racterize a variety of tissues. Furth.r work is needed to understand th. generalized beh.vior of synth.tic polymers and viscoelastic solutions.

关键词： Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Biofilm Viscoelastic Solutions Mech.nical Properties Modulus Stiffness Tissues h.aluronic Acid

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Viscoelastic Evaluation of Different h.aluronic Acid Based Fillers Using Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph.

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2019年第5期10卷 423-431页

作者： frederick h. silver Ruch.t G. Sh.h.Nikita Kelkar Dominick Benedetto Dale DeVore Justin Coh.n Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA OptoVibronex LLC Mt. Bethel Pa USA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA Center for Advanced Eye Care Vero Beach FL USA DV Consulting Chelmsford MA USA Glasgold Group Princeton NJ USA

h.lauronic acid (h.) is used as a viscoelastic in Oph.h.lmology during cataract surgery based on its h.gh.viscosity at rest, its ability to sh.ar th.n and dissipate energy during ph.coemulsification. h.wever, th.se properties of h. solutions would make th.m susceptible to migration wh.n used as dermal filler materials. In th.s study, we apply a new tech.ique termed vibrational optical coh.rence tomograph. (VOCT) to compare th. ph.sical properties of different h. solutions and fillers used in facial aesth.tics. Results presented in th.s study suggest th.t h. solutions and h. dermal fillers h.ve markedly different ph.sical properties. h. solutions are h.gh.y viscoelastic with.h.gh.% viscous losses wh.le fillers tend to h.ve lower viscous energy dissipation properties. Clinical observations suggest th.t th. h.gh.loss fillers are injected more superficially in th. face wh.re tension and internal and external forces are more likely minimized giving tissue of th. h.nds and lips more volume and allowing more natural movement. In contrast, th. lower loss gels th.t are used to lift tissue, generally h.ve a h.gh.r G’, and are injected deeper into th. face wh.re injection and internal forces are likely to be h.gh.r. It is concluded th.t h. filler gel design can be optimized by use of VOCT to evaluate th. % viscous energy loss both.in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： h.aluronic Acid Injectable Filler Dermal Filler Plastic Surgery Cosmetic Surgery Viscoelastic Mech.nical Properties Facial Surgery Optical Coh.rence Tomograph. Vibrational Optical Coh.rence Tomograph.

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Reliability of a computerized system for strabismus screening

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International Journal of Oph.h.lmology(English.edition) 2024年第1期17卷 126-130页

作者： Supaporn Tengtrisorn Alan frederick Geater Department of Oph.h.lmology Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand Epidemiology Unit Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand

AIM:To evaluate th. reliability of Ph.to-h.rsch.erg screening for global strabismus performed by non-specialized ***:Participants at th.ee sites were *** person at each.site was trained in visual acuity measurement and use of th. computerized *** acuity was measured,and strabismus testing was performed using two flash.*** data from th. th.ee primary observers were sent to an experienced assistant research.r,wh. was blinded to th. primary results,for *** primary and re-evaluation results of th. Ph.to-h.rsch.erg screenings using weigh.ed kappa for agreement were ***:Th. study included 181 participants(88 males and 93 females)and th. results for primary and re-evaluation screenings were *** participants with.contrasting results presented with.unclear corneal ligh. *** and specificity were 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):29.0%-100%]and 99.4%(95%CI:96.6%-100%),respectively,based on th. Agresti test of th. primary evaluation,considering th. re-evaluated classification as ***:Th. computerized system can be used for primary strabismus screening by non-specialized personnel,with.98.8%agreement with.***,it cannot be used as a substitute for professional examination.

关键词： strabismus screening computerized system Ph.to-h.rsch.erg screening

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Unicompartmental knee arth.oplasty vs h.gh.tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarth.itis:A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes

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World Journal of Orth.pedics 2024年第5期15卷 444-456页

作者： frederick William Wyatt Oday Al-Dadah Translational and Clinical Research.Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orth.paedic Surgery South Tyneside District HospitalSouth Shields NE340PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arth.oplasty(UKA)and h.gh.tibial osteotomy(h.O)are well-establish.d operative interventions in th. treatment of knee ***,wh.ch.intervention is more beneficial to patients with.knee osteoarth.itis remains unknown and a topic of much.***,th.re is a paucity of research.assessing th. relationsh.p between radiograph.c parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes,preoperatively and following h.O or *** To compare UKAs and h.Os as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarth.itis:Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating th. relationsh.p of joint alignment with.respect to *** Th.s longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients th.t h.d undergone UKA(n=23)and h.O(n=19)to treat medial compartment knee ***-reported outcome measures(PROMs)were collected to evaluate clinical *** included two disease-specific(Knee Injury and Osteoarth.itis Outcome Score,Oxford Knee Score)and two generic(EQ-5D-5L,Sh.rt Form-12)*** radiograph.c parameters of knee alignment assessed were th.:h.p-knee-ankle angle,mech.nical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz *** Statistical analyses demonstrated significant(Ph. PROM scores of both.*** were,h.wever,no significant inter-group differences in th. postoperative PROM scores of th. UKA and h.O *** significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with.worse knee function and overall h.alth.preoperatively(Ph. disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters(h.p-knee-ankle angle,mech.nical axis deviation)with.n th. h.O group;yet no such.associations were observed with.n th. UKA *** UKAs and h.Os are both.efficacious operations th.t provide a comp

关键词： Arth.oplasty Osteotomy Medial compartment Osteoarth.itis Knee alignment Patient reported outcome measures

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Design and Experimental Testing of a Moving Coil Actuator with.Compensation Coil

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 707-716页

作者： Boyuan Yin Xianwu Zeng Joh. frederick Easth.m Emelie Nilsson Jean-francois Rouquette Jean Rivenc Ludovic Ybanez Xiaoze Pei Department of Electronics&Electrical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom Airbus UpNext BlangnacFrance Airbus CRT BlangnacFrance Department of Mech.nical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom

h.drogen-powered electric aircraft h.ve attracted significant interests aiming to ach.eve decarbonization *** DC electric networks are facing great ch.llenges in DC fault protection *** interrupters are widely used in low voltage and medium voltage power systems due to being environmentally friendly with.low *** th.s paper a moving coil actuator with.compensation coils for a vacuum interrupter,as part of a h.brid direct current circuit breaker,is designed and experimentally *** coils are used to improve operating speed compared with.original moving coil *** between four possible connections of compensation coils and original moving coil actuator are carried *** results sh.w comparisons between different connections of actuator coils in terms of opening time and coil current with.a range of pre-ch.rged capacitor *** performance of each.actuator connection is also *** actuator with.compensation coils is sh.wn to h.ve a h.gh.r current rising rate and ach.eve faster opening speed,wh.ch.is a critical requirement for electric aircraft network *** parallel connection actuator ach.eves th. h.gh.st opening speed with.n 3.5 ms with.capacitor voltage of 50 V.

关键词： Circuit breaker compensation coil moving coil actuator vacuum interrupter

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