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Reliability of a computerized system for strabismus screening

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 126-130页

作者： Supaporn Tengtrisorn Alan frederick Geater Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand Epidemiology Unit Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand

AIM:To evaluate the reliability of Photo-Hirschberg screening for global strabismus performed by non-specialized personnel.METHODS:Participants at three sites were enrolled.One person at each site was trained in visual acuity measurement and use of the computerized system.Visual acuity was measured,and strabismus testing was performed using two flash photographs.All data from the three primary observers were sent to an experienced assistant researcher,who was blinded to the primary results,for re-evaluation.The primary and re-evaluation results of the Photo-Hirschberg screenings using weighted kappa for agreement were compared.RESULTS:The study included 181 participants(88 males and 93 females)and the results for primary and re-evaluation screenings were corresponded.Ten participants with contrasting results presented with unclear corneal light reflex.Sensitivity and specificity were 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):29.0%-100%]and 99.4%(95%CI:96.6%-100%),respectively,based on the Agresti test of the primary evaluation,considering the re-evaluated classification as true.CONCLUSION:The computerized system can be used for primary strabismus screening by non-specialized personnel,with 98.8%agreement with specialists.However,it cannot be used as a substitute for professional examination.

关键词： strabismus screening computerized system Photo-Hirschberg screening

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty vs high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis:A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 444-456页

作者： frederick William Wyatt Oday Al-Dadah Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery South Tyneside District HospitalSouth Shields NE340PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)and high tibial osteotomy(HTO)are well-established operative interventions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.However,which intervention is more beneficial to patients with knee osteoarthritis remains unknown and a topic of much debate.Simultaneously,there is a paucity of research assessing the relationship between radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes,preoperatively and following HTO or UKA.AIM To compare UKAs and HTOs as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis:Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating the relationship of joint alignment with respect to this.METHODS This longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients that had undergone UKA(n=23)and HTO(n=19)to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)were collected to evaluate clinical outcome.These included two disease-specific(Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,Oxford Knee Score)and two generic(EQ-5D-5L,Short Form-12)PROMs.The radiographic parameters of knee alignment assessed were the:Hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz line.RESULTS Statistical analyses demonstrated significant(P<0.001),preoperative to postoperative,improvements in the PROM scores of both groups.There were,however,no significant inter-group differences in the postoperative PROM scores of the UKA and HTO group.Several significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with worse knee function and overall health preoperatively(P<0.05).Postoperatively,two clusters of significant correlations were observed between the disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters(hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation)within the HTO group;yet no such associations were observed within the UKA group.CONCLUSION UKAs and HTOs are both efficacious operations that provide a comparable degree of clinical benefit to patients wi

关键词： Arthroplasty Osteotomy Medial compartment Osteoarthritis Knee alignment Patient reported outcome measures

Do tensile and shear forces exerted on cells influence mechanotransduction through stored energy considerations?

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 525-540页

作者： frederick H.SILVER TANMAY DESHMUKH Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA OptoVibronex LLC.Ben Franklin Tech PartnersBethlehemPA 18015USA

All tissues in the body are subjected externally to gravity and internally by collagenﬁbril and cellular retractive forces that create stress and energy equilibrium required for homeostasis.Mechanotransduction involves mechanical work(force through a distance)and energy storage as kinetic and potential energy.This leads to changes in cell mitosis or apoptosis and the synthesis or loss of tissue components.It involves the application of energy directly to cells through integrin-mediated processes,cell-cell connections,stretching of the cell cytoplasm,and activation of the cell nucleus via yes-associated protein(YAP)and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-motif(TAZ).These processes involve numerous complexes,intermediate molecules,and multiple pathways.Several pathways have been identiﬁed from research studies on vertebrate cell culture and from studies in invertebrates.These pathways involve mechanosensors and other molecules that activate the pathways.This review discusses the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family,Hippo,Hedgehog,and Wingless-related integration site(WNT)/βcatenin signaling pathways.The mediators covered includeβcatenin,ion channels,growth factors,hormone receptors,members of the Ras superfamily,and components of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton(LINC)complex.However,the interrelationship among the different pathways remains to be clariﬁed.Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction involves direct tensile loading and energy applied to the cell membrane via collagenﬁbril stretching.This energy is transferred between cells by stretching the cell-cell connections involving cadherins and the WNT/βcatenin pathway.These alterations induce changes in intracellular events in the cytoskeleton and nuclear skeleton caused by the release of YAP and TAZ.These coactivators then penetrate through the nuclear pores and inﬂuence nuclear cell function.Alteration in the balance of forces and energy applied to cells and tissues is hypothesized to shift the cell-extracellular matrix mechanical equilibri

关键词： MAPK family Hippo Hedgehog WNT pathway βcatenin Ion channels Growth factor receptors Hormone receptors Ras superfamily LINC complex Collagen Cadherins

Design and Experimental Testing of a Moving Coil Actuator with Compensation Coil

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 707-716页

作者： Boyuan Yin Xianwu Zeng John frederick Eastham Emelie Nilsson Jean-francois Rouquette Jean Rivenc Ludovic Ybanez Xiaoze Pei Department of Electronics&Electrical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom Airbus UpNext BlangnacFrance Airbus CRT BlangnacFrance Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom

Hydrogen-powered electric aircraft have attracted significant interests aiming to achieve decarbonization targets.Onboard DC electric networks are facing great challenges in DC fault protection requirements.Vacuum interrupters are widely used in low voltage and medium voltage power systems due to being environmentally friendly with low maintenance.In this paper a moving coil actuator with compensation coils for a vacuum interrupter,as part of a hybrid direct current circuit breaker,is designed and experimentally tested.Compensation coils are used to improve operating speed compared with original moving coil actuator.Comparisons between four possible connections of compensation coils and original moving coil actuator are carried out.Experimental results show comparisons between different connections of actuator coils in terms of opening time and coil current with a range of pre-charged capacitor voltages.Dynamic performance of each actuator connection is also compared.The actuator with compensation coils is shown to have a higher current rising rate and achieve faster opening speed,which is a critical requirement for electric aircraft network protection.The parallel connection actuator achieves the highest opening speed within 3.5 ms with capacitor voltage of 50 V.

关键词： Circuit breaker compensation coil moving coil actuator vacuum interrupter

Development of Localized Assessment of Municipal Wastewater Disposal Risks

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第6期16卷 395-413页

作者： frederick Bloetscher Daniel E. Meeroff Brittanney Adelmann Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatics Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton USA Department of Mathematics Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton USA

A means to develop a comparative assessment of the risks of available wastewater effluent disposal options on a local scale needs to be developed to help local decision-makers make decisions on options such as direct or indirect potable reuse options. These options have garnered more interest as a result of water supply limitations in many urban areas. This risk assessment was developed from a risk assessment developed at the University of Miami in 2001 and Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in 2023. Direct potable reuse and injection wells were deemed to have the lowest risk in the most recent study by FAU. However, the injection well option may not be available everywhere. As a result, a more local means to assess exposure risk is needed. This paper outlines the process to evaluate the public health risks associated with available disposal alternatives which may be very limited in some areas. The development of exposure pathways can help local decision-makers define the challenges, and support later expert level analysis upon which public health decisions are based.

关键词： Potable Reuse Wastewater Effluent Disposal Risk Risk Assessment

Buechel Pappas Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement: Evolution and over 40 Years of Clinical Experience

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 218-228页

作者： frederick F. Buechel Michael J. Pappas Rutgers NJ Medical School Newark NJ USA South Mountain Orthopaedic Associates South Orange NJ USA New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

Background: Early exploration of the semi constrained “Floating-Socket” total shoulder replacement (TSR) in 1974 led to a proliferation of various unconstrained designs that allowed resection or retention of the humeral head, depending upon the pathological process involved. Degenerative glenohumeral arthritis with mild to moderate involvement of subchondral bone allowed for a resurfacing option, while severe humeral head involvement required a partial or full humeral head replacement attached to an intramedullary stem for fixation. All components evolved from cemented to cementless application by 1982. The purpose of this paper is to describe the progression of Buechel-Pappas (B-P) shoulder replacement development from the early 1970’s in both cemented and cement less applications. Methods: Clinical evaluations of “Floating-Socket” TSR, followed by B-P stem-type, resurfacing types, bipolar-type and revision components, all of which comprise the B-P Shoulder Replacement System, were performed over a 49-year period. Results: “Floating-Socket” implants improved the results of simple, constrained ball-in-socket designs, but generally failed by glenoid component loosening in both chimpanzee and human applications. Unconstrained resurfacing-type components, both anatomical humeral head and full proximal humeral components, were quite successful, with minimal failures observed in long-term studies. Bipolar salvage implants, used for severe proximal deficiencies, revisions and massive rotator cuff arthropathy, were also very successful;providing overhead range of motion in many patients. Conclusions: Resurfacing hemiarthroplasty, in patients with intact or repairable rotator cuff mechanisms, gave the most satisfactory results and were the least technically complicated to perform, requiring minimal instrumentation. Resurfacing of full proximal humeral deficiencies, using femoral resurfacing components, gave similar clinical results to more complex semi-constrained devices, also with less technical difficulties and simple

关键词： Total Shoulder Replacement Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh David Sibeck Kip D.Kuntz frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind conditions.To suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray images.In this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is maximized.Two assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause curvature.We create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson noise.We then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea ks.From the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground truth.Our method estimates RS with an accuracy of10 cm-3.The accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic fields.The method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field turnings.Consequently,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the dayside reconnection modes for dynamic solar wind con

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

Correlates of Mistimed Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age in Sandema, Ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第2期12卷 125-140页

作者： Elvis Junior Dun-Dery Elijah Yendaw frederick Dun-Dery Lawrence Bagrmwin Menaal Kaushal Department of Population and Health Research Research Web Africa Sunyani Ghana Department of Governance and Development Management Faculty of Planning and Land Management Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies Wa Ghana University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta Canada Lambussie Polyclinic Ghana Health Service Lambusie Upper West Region Ghana Department of Public Health Lekma Hospital Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana

Background: Globally, an estimated 80 million unintended pregnancies comprising both mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are recorded yearly. Yet only half of the women at risk of mistimed pregnancy use contraceptives. In developing countries, over 100 million females have unmet need, and national surveys in Ghana indicate 23% unmet need rate. Methods: Using a cross-sectional community-based approach, a sample size of 300 women of reproductive age were selected using multi-step cluster sampling techniques. The study was quantitative, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Two-third (66%) of the women in reproductive age still had unmet need, 71% were currently pregnant, and more than a third (36%) confirmed ever having a mistimed pregnancy. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the women confirmed never communicating with their partners on family planning issues, a little below half (45%) took their own health care decisions. Seventy nine percent (79%) ever received family planning services from a health professional. Factors related to unmet needs included mistimed pregnancy, level of education, preferred birth/pregnancy interval, communication between partners and the autonomy to spend self-earnings. Conclusion: Considering that high rates of unmet need results in mistimed pregnancy, improved policies around the influence of unmet need on mistimed pregnancies are needed.

关键词： Contraception Family Planning Mistimed Pregnancy Ghana Unintended Pregnancy

住院患者认知障碍识别和信息管理的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 120-132页

作者：熊蓓蓓 Daniel X.Bailey Paul Prudon Elaine M.Pascoe Leonard C.Gray frederick Graham Amanda Henderson Melinda Martin-Khan Centre for Health Services Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Dementia and Delirium Division of MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Nursing Practice Development Unit Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and Social SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Griffith Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineThe University of the Sunshine CoastBrisbaneAustralia Department of Health and Life Sciences University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom School of Nursing University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。... 详细信息

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。纳人了提供急性照护的医院已实施的患者认知障碍识别和认知信息管理相关的文献。采用混合方法评价工具和灰色文献质量评估清单对文章质量进行评价。采用主题分析法呈现和整合结果。该综述已在PROSPERO预注册(CRD42022343577)。结果共22篇原始研究文献和10篇政府/行业文件被纳人分析。结果显示,实践和政策之间存在差距。尽管在政策层面上高度重视认知障碍的识别、认知相关信息的透明度,以及与患者、家属和照顾者(如适用)之间的互动,但有时在临床实践中,认知评估是非正式的,患者的认知相关信息未作记录,与患者、家属和照顾者的互动也存在不足。结论.通过整合认知评估,利用信息技术开发信息管理综合系统,建立相关法律法规,提供教育与和培训,并采用国家层面的策略,有可能显著改善对认知障碍患者的识别和护理。

关键词：急性照护认知功能障碍数据透明度谵妄痴呆健康信息管理与患者互动.