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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian m.Walsh David Sibeck Kip D.Kuntz frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind *** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray *** this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation model(OpenGGCm)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCm subsolar magnetopause location as ground *** method estimates RS with an accuracy of10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic *** method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field ***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the daysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SmILE

住院患者认知障碍识别和信息管理的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 120-132页

作者：熊蓓蓓 Daniel X.Bailey Paul Prudon Elaine m.Pascoe Leonard C.Gray frederick Graham Amanda Henderson melinda martin-Khan Centre for Health Services Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Dementia and Delirium Division of MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Nursing Practice Development Unit Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and Social SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Griffith Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineThe University of the Sunshine CoastBrisbaneAustralia Department of Health and Life Sciences University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom School of Nursing University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。... 详细信息

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。纳人了提供急性照护的医院已实施的患者认知障碍识别和认知信息管理相关的文献。采用混合方法评价工具和灰色文献质量评估清单对文章质量进行评价。采用主题分析法呈现和整合结果。该综述已在PROSPERO预注册(CRD42022343577)。结果共22篇原始研究文献和10篇政府/行业文件被纳人分析。结果显示,实践和政策之间存在差距。尽管在政策层面上高度重视认知障碍的识别、认知相关信息的透明度,以及与患者、家属和照顾者(如适用)之间的互动,但有时在临床实践中,认知评估是非正式的,患者的认知相关信息未作记录,与患者、家属和照顾者的互动也存在不足。结论.通过整合认知评估,利用信息技术开发信息管理综合系统,建立相关法律法规,提供教育与和培训,并采用国家层面的策略,有可能显著改善对认知障碍患者的识别和护理。

关键词：急性照护认知功能障碍数据透明度谵妄痴呆健康信息管理与患者互动.

Effects of live yeast on differential genetic and functional attributes of rumen microbiota in beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 1101-1107页

作者： Ibukun m.Ogunade Jerusha Lay Kenneth Andries Christina J.mc manus frederick Bebe College of Agriculture Communities and the Environment Kentucky State University

Several studies have evaluated the effects of live yeast supplementation on rumen microbial population;however,its effect on differential microbial genes and their functional potential has not been described. Thus, this study applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to evaluate the effects of live yeast supplementation on genetic and functional potential of the rumen microbiota in beef cattle. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were randomly assigned to two treatments in a cross-over design with two 25-day experimental periods and a 10-day wash-out between the two periods. The steers were housed in individual pens and fed 50% concentrate-mix and 50% red clover/orchard hay ad libitum. Treatments were(1) control(CON;basal diet without additive) and(2) yeast(YEA;basal diet plus 15 g/d of live yeast product). Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding on the last d of each period. Sequencing was done on an Illumina Hi Seq 2500 platform. Dietary yeast supplementation increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria(such as Ruminococcus albus, ***, R. bromii, and R. obeum) and lactate-utilizing bacteria(such as megasphaera elsdenii, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and D. vulgaris). A total of 154 differentially abundant genes(DEGs) were obtained(false discovery rate mes(KEGG) annotation analysis of the DEGs revealed that 10 pathways, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism,polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, protein export, ribosome, and bacterial secretory system, were enriched in steers fed YEA. Annotation analysis of the DEGs in the carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy) database revealed that the abundance of genes coding for enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate bindi

关键词： Functional potential Live yeast Rumen

Portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: Controversies and latest developments

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第22期21卷 6769-6784页

作者： Damian J Harding m Thamara PR Perera frederick Chen Simon Olliff Dhiraj Tripathi Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham Department of Haematology Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham

Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) is encountered in livercirrhosis, particularly in advanced disease. It has been a feared complication of cirrhosis, attributed to significant worsening of liver disease, poorer clinical outcomes and potential inoperability at liver transplantation; also catastrophic events such as acute intestinal ischaemia. Optimal management of PVT has not yet been addressed in any consensus *** review current literature on PVT in cirrhosis; its prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, impact on the natural history of cirrhosis and liver transplantation,and management. Studies were identified by a search strategy using mEDLINE and Google Scholar. The incidence of PVT increases with increasing severity of liver disease: less than 1% in well-compensated cirrhosis, 7.4%-16% in advanced cirrhosis. Prevalence in patients undergoing liver transplantation is 5%-16%.PVT frequently regresses instead of uniform thrombus progression. PVT is not associated with increased risk of mortality. Optimal management has not been addressed in any consensus publication. We propose areas for future research to address unresolved clinical questions.

关键词： Portal vein thrombosis Liver cirrhosis Anticoagulation Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemicstent-shunt

Population-based study of health service deficits in US adults with depression: Does chronic disease co-morbidity and/or rural residency make a difference?

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Health 2013年第4期5卷 774-782页

作者： Andrine lemieux Daniel m. Saman m. Nawal Lutfiyya Essentia Institute of Rural Health Division of Research Duluth USA

Introduction: Rural residents are at higher risk for a depressive disorder than their non-rural counterparts. Recent research has indicated that co-morbidities are also associated with depression. Health service deficits (HSDs) is an analytic concept that facilitates the examination of how a population uses health services relevant to their condition. A HSD is present when, over the preceding 12 months, an individual has had no health insurance, no specified health care provider, deferred medical care due to cost, or did not have a routine medical exam. Research has shown a high prevalence of HSDs in populations with individual chronic conditions. No study that we know of has examined if there is an association between the constellation of chronic conditions of depression and the co-morbidities of asthma, arthritis, and diabetes, with HSDs. methods: 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) data were analyzed to identify important dimensions of the epidemiology of depression by ascertaining whether there were differences in the prevalence of health service deficits in rural versus non-rural adults with depression and at least one additional chronic disease (arthritis, asthma, or diabetes). Data analyses entailed both bivariate and multivariate techniques. All analyses were performed on weighted data. Results: Logistic regression analysis performed using the presence of at least one HSD as the dependent variable yielded that for US adults with lifetime depression those who were African American, Hispanic and other/multiracial in comparison to Caucasian had higher odds of having at least one health service deficit. Low socioeconomic status (SES) and middle SES in comparison to high SES were also risk factors for US adults with lifetime depression having at least one HSD. Rural residency in comparison to non-rural residency also emerged as an independent risk factor (for US adults with lifetime depression having at least one HSD. Chronic disease, however,

关键词： Health Service Deficits for Depression and Other Co-morbidities BRFSS Surveillance Data

Canada’s inter-agency wild bird influenza survey

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 409-417页

作者： Jane PARmLEY Stéphane LAIR frederick A.LEIGHTON Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Centre for Coastal Health NanaimoCanada Faculty of Veterinarian medicine University of MontrealSaint HyacintheCanada Western College of Veterinary medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada

Canada’s Inter-agency Wild Bird Influenza Survey,which started in 2005,and is a collaborative effort among federal,provincial and territorial government agencies as well as non-governmental organizations and academic institutions,has two components:(i)a seasonal survey of live wild waterfowl species from selected geographic regions across Canada(to expand our understanding of the avian influenza viruses circulating in wild bird populations);and(ii)an ongoing survey of birds found dead that are submitted to a regional diagnostic laboratory(to enhance detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza strains).Combined swabs from the cloaca and oro-pharynx collected from each bird are screened using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RRT-PCR)that targets a unique segment of the influenza A m1 *** the m1 result is positive or inconclusive,RRT-PCR for gene segments of the H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes are *** samples that are RRT-PCR positive for H5 or H7 are sent immediately for test confirmation and further *** field and laboratory data are entered into a database developed and maintained by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health *** the survey commenced in 2005,on average,30%of all live ducks sampled,5%of other species of live birds and 3%of birds found dead have tested positive for avian influenza,all of North American lineage and of low pathogenicity.

关键词： avian influenza survey virus wild birds zoonosis.

Genetic differentiation in two widespread, open-forest bird species of Southeast Asia （Copsychus saularis and megalaima haemacephala）： Insights from ecological niche modeling

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 922-934页

作者： Haw Chuan LIm Fasheng ZOU frederick H. SHELDON Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Washington DC 20560 USA Guangdong Entomological Institute 105 Xingang Road West Guangzhou 510260 China museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University LA 70803 USA

Ecological niche modeling has emerged as an useful tool in the investigation of the phylogeographic histories of species or communities in a region. The high biodiversity （oftentimes cryptic）, and complex geography and geological history of Southeast Asia particularly call for multipronged approaches in phylogeographic investigations. Past studies have focused on taxa that are associated with lowland rainforests, which is the dominant natural vegetation type. Here, we combine published phylogenetic data, ecological niche modeling and paleo-climate models to reveal potential drivers of divergence in two open-forest bird species, the oriental magpie-robin Copsychus saularis and Coppersmith barbet megalaima haemacephala. In spite of broad overlap in current distributions, there are subtle differences in their climatic niches, which result in different responses to past climatic changes. For C saularis, both Last Glacial maximum climate models indicated that the entire Sundaland was climati- cally suitable, while phylogenetic analyses found divergent eastern and western Sundaland lineages. We thus postulate that this genetic divergence was a result of past separations of coastal habitats into eastern and western portions due to the emergence of Sunda shelf as sea-level fell. The current separation of morphological subspecies in Borneo is maintained by low climatic suitability （high annual rainfall） in certain regions. The extirpation of m. haemacephala from Borneo and southern malay Peninsula might have been driven by unsuitable conditions （high temperature seasonality） in central Sundaland and/or the lack of open woodlands. Our study shows that ecological niche modeling adds a powerful dimension to our attempt to understand lineage evolution in space [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 922-934, 2015].

关键词： Barbet Indo-Burma malay Archipelago magpie-robin Phylogeography Species distribution modeling

Re-Examining Field-Surveyed Variations in Elevation and Soil Properties with a 1-m Resolution LiDAR-Generated DEm

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第9期13卷 371-390页

作者： Kamille lemieux Paul A. Arp Faculty of Forestry & Env. management University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada

This article presents a 2017 LiDAR-DEm guided 1-m resolution examination of field-surveyed elevation and soil property variations (5 × 5 m spacings) conducted in 1977 across a hummocky New Brunswick field used for potato production. This examination revealed that the field incurred minor elevation differences likely due to upslope erosion as revealed through increasing Sand % and CF % with increasing elevation, and increasing Silt % along low-lying areas. Soil moisture, field capacity, permanent wilting and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) also increased at downslope locations. Directly as well as indirectly, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), Caesium137 (Cs137) and mehlich-3 extracted Ca, mg, K, Fe, mn, Cu, and Zn were likewise affected by topographic location. Factor analyzing these variables led to: 1) a Soil Loss Factor that captured 24% of the textural variations;2) a Soil-Cropping Factor accounting for 16% of the N, P, K, Ca, mg, mn variations;3) a Soil Organic matter (SOm) Factor relating 9% of the in-field variations for SOm, Fe, Zn, Cu to via organo-metal complexation and low NO3-N retention. many of the topographic variations increased or decreased with the metric DEm-projected depth-to-water index (DTW) index. This index was set to 0 along DEm-derived flow channels with minimum upslope flow-accumulation areas of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 4 ha. Among these, the DTW > 4 ha threshold was useful for reproducing the textural variations, while the DTW > 0.25 ha threshold assisted in capturing trends pertaining to moisture retention and elemental concentrations.

关键词： Field-Elevation Survey LiDAR 1-m DEm Flow Channels Depth-to-Water Soil Properties Factor Analysis

Disaster Risk management Through the Design Safe Cyberinfrastructure

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第6期11卷 719-734页

作者： Jean-Paul Pinelli maria Esteva Ellen m.Rathje David Roueche Scott J.Brandenberg Gilberto mosqueda Jamie Padgett frederick Haan Department of mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Civil Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California in Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Structural Engineering University of California in San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Engineering Department Calvin CollegeGrand RapidsMI 49546USA

Design Safe addresses the challenges of supporting integrative data-driven research in natural hazards *** is an end-to-end data management,communications,and analysis platform where users collect,generate,analyze,curate,and publish large data sets from a variety of sources,including experiments,simulations,field research,and post-disaster *** achieves key objectives through:(1)integration with high performance and cloud-computing resources to support the computational needs of the regional risk assessment community;(2)the possibility to curate and publish diverse data structures emphasizing relationships and understandability;and(3)facilitation of real time communications during natural hazards events and disasters for data and information *** resultant services and tools shorten data cycles for resiliency evaluation,risk modeling validation,and forensic *** article illustrates salient features of the *** summarizes its design principles,architecture,and *** focus is on case studies to show the impact of Design Safe on the disaster risk *** Next Generation Liquefaction project collects and standardizes case histories of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction into a relational database—Design Safe—to permit users to interact with the *** can correlate in Design Safe building dynamic characteristics based on data from building sensors,with observed damage based on ground motion *** groups upload,curate,and publish wind,seismic,and coastal damage data they gather during field reconnaissance missions,so these datasets are available shortly after a *** a part of the education and community outreach efforts of Design Safe,training materials and collaboration space are also offered to the disaster risk management community.

关键词： Cyberinfrastructure Design Safe Disaster risk management Natural hazard data management