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Blast injury risks to humans within a military trench

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 91-104页

作者： Idan e.edri National Building Research Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa 32000Israel

In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in ***,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these *** lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spaces following nearby *** absence hinders the correlation between blast parameters,trench geometry,and reported injury cases,limiting our understanding of blast-related risks within *** paper addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these *** advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investigates blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military *** a sophisticated computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical parameters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and scaled *** numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these parameters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the *** findings elucidate distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the *** study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge base for understanding risks associated with explosives detonating near military *** insights gained contribute to enhancing safety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.

关键词： Trench Blast Injury risk eardrum rupture Lung injury Traumatic brain injury

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Profile of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Bukavu Hospitals and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第4期14卷 209-225页

作者： Christian Ahadi Irenge freddy Bikioli Patient Birindwa Mulashe Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali Patient Wimba Aksanti Lwango Yves Coppieters Justin Ntokamunda Kadima Department of Pharmacy and Public Health Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Tropical Medecine Faculty of Medecine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Medical Biology Higher Institute of Medical Technics Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo School of Public Health Free University of Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda

Objective: To evaluate the spread of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in Bukavu hospitals and test antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some isolates to usual marketed antibiotics. Methods: The prevalence of MDR strains was determined by using general antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from 3 hospital laboratories. The susceptibility of some isolates to usual antibiotics was processed by agar diffusion method with standard e. coli ATCC8739 and standard antibiotics discs as controls. The tested antibiotics were ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Results: At the 3 hospitals, 758 tests were realized in urine, pus, stool, FCV, blood, LCR, split and FU specimens;46 strains were unidentified and 712 strains were identified. Of 712 identified strains, 223 (31.4%) were MDR or XDR strains including escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium, Neisseria gonorrohoae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative, staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Of the infected patients, 36 (21.5%) children were under 16 years and 188 (78.5%) adults were predominately women (58.5%). The susceptibility test showed that all strains but S. aureus were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol remain partially active (27% - 80%) against P. mirabilis, e. coli and P. aeruginosa. The resistance is more likely related to strain mutation than to pharmaceutical quality of the antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Both data from hospital laboratories and in vitro post-testing findings confirmed the ongoing elevated prevalence of MDR strains in Bukavu. The causes of antibiotic misuse and socio-economic determinants of the phenomenon of resistance should be scrutinized in order to take adequate strateg

关键词： Prevalence Antimicrobials Multi-Resistance Bacterial Sensitivity Bukavu DRC

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event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control for input-constrained multi-agent systems via reinforcement learning

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 25-38页

作者： Jinxuan Zhang Chang-e Ren College of Information engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100089China

This article presents an event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with control constraints. First, considering control constraints, the constrained H_(∞) consensus problem is transformed into a multi-player zero-sum game with non-quadratic performance functions. Then, an event-triggered control method is presented to conserve communication resources and a new triggering condition is developed for each agent to make the triggering threshold independent of the disturbance attenuation level. To derive the optimal controller that can minimize the cost function in the case of worst disturbance, a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is defined. Since it is difficult to solve analytically due to its strongly non-linearity, reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented to obtain the optimal controller. In specific, the optimal performance function and the worst-case disturbance are approximated by a time-triggered critic network;meanwhile, the optimal controller is approximated by event-triggered actor network. After that, Lyapunov analysis is utilized to prove the uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability of the system and that the network weight errors are UUB. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy provided.

关键词： H_(∞)optimal control Input constrains Multi-agent systems(MASs) Reinforcement learning(RL)

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Self-Triggered Set Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks and Its Applications

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Ieee/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1631-1642页

作者： Rong Zhao Jun-e Feng Dawei Zhang the School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

关键词： Boolean control networks(BCNs) output regulation self-triggered control semi-tensor product of matrices set stabilization synchronization

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Nonlinear wave dispersion in monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed masses:discrete and continuum models

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2024年第4期45卷 633-648页

作者： e.GHAVANLOO S.eL-BORGI School of Mechanical engineering Shiraz UniversityShiraz 71963-16548Iran Mechanical engineering Program Texas A&M University at QatarDoha 23874Qatar

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of discrete monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed *** developed model can represent the wave propagation problem in a non-homogeneous material consisting of heavy inclusions embedded in a *** inclusions are idealized by lumped masses,and the matrix between adjacent inclusions is modeled by a nonlinear spring with distributed ***,the model is capable of depicting the wave propagation in bi-material bars,wherein the first material is represented by a rigid particle and the second one is represented by a nonlinear spring with distributed *** discrete model of the nonlinear monoatomic chain with lumped and distributed masses is first considered,and a closed-form expression of the dispersion relation is obtained by the second-order Lindstedt-Poincare method(LPM).Next,a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chain is derived directly from its discrete lattice model by a suitable continualization *** subsequent use of the second-order method of multiple scales(MMS)facilitates the derivation of the corresponding nonlinear dispersion relation in a closed *** novelties of the present study consist of(i)considering the inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of the discrete mass-spring chains;(ii)developing the second-order LPM for the wave propagation in the discrete chains;and(iii)deriving a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed ***,a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the design parameters and the distributed spring mass on the nonlinear dispersion relations and phase velocities obtained from both the discrete and continuum *** parameters include the ratio of the spring mass to the lumped mass,the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the spring,and the wave amplitude.

关键词： nonlinear mass-spring chain discrete model continuum model LindstedtPoincare method(LPM) method of multiple scales(MMS) dispersion phase velocity

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Annual variation of adult survival of a south-temperate House Wren population in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 229-237页

作者： Gustavo J.Fernandez Mariana e.Carro Paulo e.Llambías Grupo de Investigacion en ecofisiología de Fauna Silvestre INIBIOMA-CONICETAsentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes(AUSMA)Universidad Nacional Del ComahuePasaje de la Paz 235(8370)San Martín de los AndesNeuquenArgentina Grupo de Investigacion de Biología de Aves IADIZA CCT-MendozaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoAvenida RuizLeal s/n Parque General San Martin5500MendozaArgentina

Identifying factors affecting the survival of individuals is essential for understanding the evolution of life-history traits and population *** numerous studies on this subject in north-temperate environments,there is a lack of equivalent studies at similar latitudes in the ***,we used a 14-year dataset of capture,banding,and resighting to estimate the annual variation in the apparent adult survival probability of a south-temperate population of House Wrens(Troglodytes aedon bonariae).We evaluated temporal variation in sur-vival and the effect of environmental(climatic)and demographic variables(adult abundance,total number of fledglings produced during each breeding season)on survival *** found that the probability of adult survival decreased as the abundance of breeding adults *** density-dependent effect could be related to the resident lifestyle of southern House Wrens,which could determine an intense competition for territories and resources that ultimately would affect their survival.

关键词： Annual variation CJS Density-dependence Survival Troglodytes aedon bonariae

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Beyond p-y method:A review of artificial intelligence approaches for predicting lateral capacity of drilled shafts in clayey soils

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3812-3840页

作者： M.e.Al-Atroush A.e.Aboelela ezz el-Din Hemdan Civil and environmental engineering Program Engineering Management DepartmentCollege of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Structural engineering Faculty of EngineeringAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Structure and Materials Research Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Computer Science and engineering Department Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt

In 2023,pivotal advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)have significantly *** that in mind,traditional methodologies,notably the p-y approach,have struggled to accurately model the complex,nonlinear soil-structure interactions of laterally loaded large-diameter drilled *** study undertakes a rigorous evaluation of machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,offering a comprehensive review of their application in addressing this geotechnical challenge.A thorough review and comparative analysis have been carried out to investigate various AI models such as artificial neural networks(ANNs),relevance vector machines(RVMs),and least squares support vector machines(LSSVMs).It was found that despite ML approaches outperforming classic methods in predicting the lateral behavior of piles,their‘black box'nature and reliance only on a data-driven approach made their results showcase statistical robustness rather than clear geotechnical insights,a fact underscored by the mathematical equations derived from these ***,the research identified a gap in the availability of drilled shaft datasets,limiting the extendibility of current findings to large-diameter *** extensive dataset,compiled from a series of lateral loading tests on free-head drilled shaft with varying properties and geometries,was introduced to bridge this *** paper concluded with a direction for future research,proposes the integration of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),combining data-driven models with fundamental geotechnical principles to improve both the interpretability and predictive accuracy of AI applications in geotechnical engineering,marking a novel contribution to the field.

关键词： Laterally loaded drilled shaft load transfer and failure mechanisms Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs) P-y curves Artificial intelligence(AI) Dataset

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Converting TRex-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang D.M.Gillies e.Spanswick e.F.Donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region explorer(TRex)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”images of the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TRex-RGB camera is usually dominated by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TRex mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm imager and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated measurement of green-line auroras from the TRex spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of an auroral transport *** demonstrate the procedures and provide initial results for the TRex-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied immediately by TRex-RGB data *** methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILe ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB camera system in its deployment.

关键词： TRex RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model

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Advances in spinal cord injury:insights from non-human primates

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2354-2364页

作者： Gaetan Poulen Florence e.Perrin University of Montpellier INSERMEPHEMontpellierFrance Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits,currently,there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord *** and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropriate animal *** models should replicate the symptoms observed in human,allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord ***-human primates,due to their close phylogenetic association with humans,share more neuroanatomical,genetic,and physiological similarities with humans than ***,the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in *** this review,we will discuss nonhuman primate models of spinal cord injury,focusing on in vivo assessments,including behavioral tests,magnetic resonance imaging,and electrical activity recordings,as well as ex vivo histological ***,we will present therapeutic strategies developed in non-human primates and discuss the unique specificities of non-human primate models of spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavior cellular analysis non-human primates spinal cord injury tissue analysis

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On Differential equations of Integrable Billiard Tables

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,english Series 2024年第1期40卷 417-424页

作者： Vladimir DRAGOVIC Andrey e.MIRONOV Department of Mathematical Sciences The University of Texas at DallasRichardson TXUSA Mathematical Institute SANU BelgradeSerbia Novosibirsk State University NovosibirskRussia Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences NovosibirskRussia

We introduce a method to find differential equations for functions which define tables,such that associated billiard systems admit a local first *** illustrate this method in three situations:the case of(locally)integrable wire billiards,for finding surfaces in R^(3)with a first integral of degree one in velocities,and for finding a piece-wise smooth surface in R^(3)homeomorphic to a torus,being a table of a billiard admitting two additional first integrals.

关键词： Polynomial first integrals wire billiards piece-wise smooth surfaces

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