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Eliciting CD4-mimicking broadly neutralizing antibodies:new avenues towards the rational design of an HIV vaccine

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 836-838页

作者： frauke Muecksch Oliver T.Fackler Department of Infectious Diseases Heidelberg UniversityMedical Faculty HeidelbergVirologyCenter for Integrative Infectious Disease Research(CIID)HeidelbergGermany Chica and Heinz Schaller(CHS)Research group Department of Infectious DiseasesVirologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Infectious Diseases Heidelberg UniversityMedical Faculty HeidelbergIntegrative VirologyCenter for Integrative Infectious Disease Research(CIID)HeidelbergGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

In a study recently published in Cell,Saunders et *** that a new anti-HIV vaccine triggers antibody responses resembling CD4-binding site broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in rhesus macaques.1 This study provid... 详细信息

关键词： al. vaccine rational

Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena grüter Matthias grünke Department of Rehabilitation and Special Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

Plant grafting:Molecular mechanisms and applications

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 75-91页

作者： Ming Feng frauke Augstein Abdul Kareem Charles W.Melnyk Department of Plant Biology Linnean Center for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlmas allé575651 UppsalaSweden

People have grafted plants since antiquity for propagation,to increase yields,and to improve stress *** cutting and joining of tissues activates an incredible regenerative ability as different plants fuse and grow as *** over a hundred years,people have studied the scientific basis for how plants ***,new techniques and a deepening knowledge of the molecular basis for graft formation have allowed a range of previously ungraftable combinations to ***,we review recent developments in our understanding of graft formation,including the attachment and vascular formation *** analyze why plants graft and how biotic and abiotic factors influence successful *** also discuss the ability and inability of plants to graft,and how grafting has transformed both horticulture and fundamental plant *** our knowledge about plant grafting improves,new combinations and techniques will emerge to allow an expanded use of grafting for horticultural applications and to address fundamental research questions.

关键词： plant grafting regeneration mobile molecules tissue adhesion vascular differentiation stress tolerance

In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza Kristián Máthis Péter Nagy Péter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of Materials Physics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanoplates(CANaPs),or complete long period stacking ordered(LPSO)*** order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance,additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and pyramidal types,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value,which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaPs/LPSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase Cluster arranged nanoplates(CANaPs) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

Challenging the term symbiosis in plant-microbe associations to create an understanding across sciences

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 7-11页

作者： Anna Neubauer Daniela Aros‐Mualin Vicente Mariscal Péter Szövényi Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany University of ZurichZurich 8008Switzerland Zurich‐Basel Plant Science Center Zurich 8092Switzerland Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis CSIC y Universidad de SevillaSevilla 41092Spain

THE IMPORTANCE OF WELL DEFINED terMINOLOGY,Effective communication across fields and disciplines relies on well defined *** use of accurate definitions has been advocated by scientists across various disciplines(PySek... 详细信息

关键词： terminology definition fields

Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak Michałgrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 96-102页

作者：汪晋辰刘娟娟徐大业 Florian grünauer 郝丽杰刘蕴韬张红霞程鹏鲍威 Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and MicroNano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Physics Consulting Zorneding 85604Germany China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China Center for Neutron Scattering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research *** Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic *** materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated ***-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation *** work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be *** enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the *** shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in *** its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

关键词： neutron scattering cold neutron spectrometer monochromator shielding sandwich shielding structure

Effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1621-1635页

作者： Armand Csontos Alíz Fazekas Lajos Szakó Nelli Farkas Csenge Papp Szilárd Ferenczi Szabolcs Bellyei Péter Hegyi András Papp Department of Surgery University of PécsMedical SchoolClinical CenterPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Institute of Bioanalysis University of PécsMedical SchoolPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Institute for Translational Medicine University of PécsMedical SchoolPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Department of Emergency Medicine Clinical CenterUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécs 7624BaranyaHungary Department of Oncotherapy University of PécsMedical SchoolClinical CenterPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Semmelweis UniversityBudapest H-1083Hungary

BACKgrOUND Neoadjuvant therapy is an essential modality for reducing the clinical stage of esophageal cancer;however,the superiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(nCT)or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)is ***,a discussion of these two modalities is *** To investigate the benefits and complications of neoadjuvant *** To address this concern,predefined criteria were established using the PICO *** independent authors performed comprehensive searches using predetermined *** analyses were performed to identify significant differences between *** publication bias was visualized using funnel *** quality of the data was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Tool 2(RoB2)and the grADE *** Ten articles,including 1928 patients,were included for the *** difference was detected in pathological complete response(pCR)[Pterms of survival,local or distal recurrence,or other clinical or surgical *** result of RoB2 was moderate,and that of the grADE approach was low or very low in almost all *** Although nCRT may have a higher pCR rate,it does not translate to greater long-term ***,nCRT is associated with higher 30-d mortality,although the specific cause for postoperative complications could not be *** the case of nCT,toxic side effects are suspected,which can reduce the quality of *** the quality of available studies,further randomized trials are required.

关键词： Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Chemoradiotherapy Esophageal cancer Adenocarcinoma

Split-Tetraquaternion Algebra and Applications

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2682-2690页

作者： grégoire Lutanda Panga Department of Mathematics and Informatic University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi The Democratic Republic of the Congo

In this paper, from the spacetime algebra associated with the Minkowski space ℝ3,1by means of a change of signature, we describe a quaternionic representation of the split-tetraquaternion algebra which incorporates the Pauli algebra, the split-biquaternion algebra and the split-quaternion algebra, we relate these algebras to Clifford algebras and we show the emergence of the stabilized Poincaré-Heisenberg algebra from the split-tetraquaternion algebra. We list without going into details some of their applications in Physics and in Born geometry.

关键词： Tetraquaternion Algebra Split-Tetraquaternion Algebra Split Quaternion Algebra Clifford Algebra