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Economic overview of a two-agent process for underground coal gasification with Fischer-Tropsch- based poly-generation

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Clean Energy 2019年第1期3卷 34-46页

作者： Johan F.brand Johan C.van Dyk frans b.waanders African Carbon Energy PO Box 450Standerton 2430South Africa Centre of Excellence in Carbon-based Fuels North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa African Carbon Energy PO Box 254SasolburgSouth Africa

Underground Coal Gasification(UCG)is a mining-gasification process that produces synthesis gas from in situ coal by injecting air(or oxygen and steam)and extracting the produced gas via *** resulting synthesis gas(‘syngas’)produced by UCG can be used directly as a fuel-gas or deep-cleaned to produce many other products like chemicals,liquid fuels,hydrogen and synthetic natural *** has significant environmental,safety and practical advantages over conventional coal mining and utilization,foremost being cost and emissions *** South Africa,facilities of an industrial-scale Fischer-Tropsch(FT)have been operating for decades on coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid ***-blown UCG produces syngas,which contains a mixture of carbon monoxide(CO)and hydrogen,and these molecules can be conditioned to serve as feed for synthetic-crude-oil(‘syncrude’)conversion technologies based on the FT *** Carbon Energy(Pty)Ltd.(Africary)completed a study integrating its UCG technology with mini gas-to-liquids *** from Africary’s Theunissen Underground Coal Gasification(TUCG)project will be used for power production and synthesis of liquid fuels in a unique poly-generation *** TUCG process will consist of two parallel gasifiers,operated on different agents,making the component parts of UCG and coal-to-(any product)(CtX)tightly linked and interdependent,but reducing both cost and ***-CtX offers a lower capital investment to conventional underground mining and surface gasification due to the removal of the surface gasifier and coal-mine *** gas clean-up systems will remove undesirable components from each gasifier and blend the cleaned syngas for H2:CO ratio control and provide implementation of carbon capture and *** study has minimized the complexity and optimized the process flow to provide own-use electricity and about 4000 barrels/day equivalent fuels at a capital cost estimate(2017)of

关键词： underground coal gasification Fischer-Tropsch coal to liquids gas to liquids CCS UCG FT LNG CtX economic study South Africa

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Environmental assessment and nano-mineralogical characterization of coal,overburden and sediment from Indian coal mining acid drainage

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1285-1297页

作者： Madhulika Dutta Jyotilima Saikia Silvio R.Taffarel frans b.waanders Diego de Medeiros Cesar M.N.L.Cutruneo Luis F.O.Silva binoy K.Saikia Department of Chemistry CNB CollegeBokakhat785612AssamIndia Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group Materials Science and Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science&TechnologyJorhat785006India School of Applied Sciences Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science&TechnologyMeghalayaIndia Academy of Scientific Innovative Research CSIR-NEIST CampusJorhat785006India Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development Centro Universitario La SalleMestrado em Avaliacao de Impactos Ambientais em MineracaoVictor Barreto2288 Centro92010-000CanoasRSBrazil School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering North West University(Potchefstroom Campus)Potchefstroom2531South Africa Research Group in Environmental Management and Sustainability Faculty of Environmental SciencesUniversidad De La CostaCalle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtla nticoColombia Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos.Av.Unisinos 950 Cristo Rei 90510030Sao LeopoldoRSBrazil

The deterioration of environmental conditions is the major contributory factor to poor health and quality of life that hinders sustainable development in any *** mining is one of the major industries that contribute to the economy of a country but it also impacts the *** chemical parameters of the coal,overburden,soil and sediments along with the coal mine drainage(CMD)were investigated in order to understand the overall environmental impact from high sulphur coal mining at northeastern coalfield(India).It was found that the total sulphur content of the coal is noticeably high compared to the overburden(Ob)and *** volatile matter of the coal is sufficiently high against the high ash content of the soil and *** water samples have a High Electrical Conductivity(EC)and high Total Dissolve Solid(TDS).Lower values of pH,indicate the dissolution of minerals present in the coal as well as other minerals in the mine rejects/*** chemical and nano-mineralogical composition of coal,soil and overburden samples was studied using a High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy(HR-TEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS),Selected-Area Diffraction(SAED),Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)/EDS,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman and Ion-Chromatographic analysis,and Mossbauer *** different geochemical analysis it has been found that the mine water sample from Ledo colliery has the lowest pH value of 3.30,Tirap colliery samples have the highest electrical conductivity value of5.40 ms cm^(-1)both Ledo and Tirap coals have total sulphur contents within the range 3-3.50%.The coal mine water from Tirap colliery(TW-15 b)has high values of Mg^(2+)(450 ppm),and br^-(227.17 ppm).XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals including quartz and hematite in the *** analysis of coal mine overburden(Ob)indicates the presence both of pyrite and marcasite which was also

关键词： Coal mine drainage Environmental assessment Indian coal Chemical analysis Nano-mineralogy Advance characterization

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Structural, compositional and mineralogical characterization of carbonatitic copper sulfide: Run of mine, concentrate and tailings

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第2期26卷 143-151页

作者： Kolela J Nyembwe Elvis Fosso-Kankeu frans waanders Kasongo D Nyembwe Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering Faculty of Engineering North-West University School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg

The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(ROM), concentrate, and tailings) of a copper concentrator were characterized using various techniques, including stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscopy. The results reveal that each stream possesses its own unique compositional features. Carbonate minerals associated with calcite and dolomite, followed by quartz, remain the major minerals in both the ROM and tails streams. In the ROM stream, chalcopyrite appears to occur as veins within the carbonatite-hosting ore body. Mineral phase mutation was discovered in the tails stream because magnetite formerly identified in the ROM as the primary iron oxide had evolved into hematite. This metamorphosis was likely promoted by the concentration process. The concentration process was effective, upgrading the chalcopyrite content from 2 wt% in the ROM stream to 58 wt% in the concentrate stream; it was accompanied by bornite(4 wt%), anilite(3 wt%), and digenite(2.5 wt%). In addition, the concentrate stream exhibited properties distinctive from those of the other streams. The FTIR analysis showed the existence of a sulfide group related to the chalcopyrite mineral. Free chalcopyrite grains were observed in the concentrate by SEM analysis, and their mineral presence was supported by the EDS analysis results. All characterization techniques corresponded well with each other regarding the structure, chemistry, and composition of the samples.

关键词： chalcopyrite mineral characterization phase mutation concentrate streams

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The effect of particle size on the pollution reduction potential of a South African coal-derived low-smoke fuel

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Energy Geoscience 2020年第3期1卷 165-173页

作者： Lungile Sumbane-Prinsloo John bunt Ratale Matjie Stuart Piketh Hein Neomagus frans waanders Centre of Excellence in Carbon-based Fuels Faculty of EngineeringNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa Climate Research Group School of Geo-and Spatial ScienceNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa

The coal combustion in cast-iron stoves leads to health hazards and air *** this study the CO,SO2,NOx,PM and VOC emission concentrations were measured whilst combusting four fuel particle sizes(15,20,30,and 40 mm)as well as a composite of the sizes(all pre-devolatilized at a temperature of 550C)in a cast-iron *** results were compared to their raw coal analogues to evaluate the emission performance of each fuel *** factors for NOx and SO2 were found to depend on the fuel nitrogen and sulphur contents in the coal and the combustion conditions used during *** PM,SO2 and VOC emissions show a strong dependence on the ash percentage and volatile matter yields,which both increased with increasing particle *** addition,the PM,SO2 and VOC missions were found to only depend on particle size on a mechanistic *** VOCs and PM emission factors are inversely correlated with particle *** results from this study offer insight into the combustion environment in the Falkirk Union No 7 cast-iron stove as well as how this environment applies to low smoke *** work contributes to the emission and performance inventories from South African domestic coal combustion in this stove used in informal settlements.

关键词： Coal combustion Low-smoke fuel Emissions Particle size Cast-iron stove

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The influence of particle size on the thermal performance of coal and its derived char in a Union stove

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 148-159页

作者： Lungile Sumbane-Prinsloo John bunt Stuart Piketh Hein Neomagus frans waanders Ratale Matjie Centre of Excellence in Carbon-based Fuels Faculty of EngineeringNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa Climate Research Group School of Geo-and Spatial ScienceNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa

For low-income communities in South Africa,coal is the most common solid fuel which is burnt in a variety of devices,including imbaulas and cast-iron *** present work was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the fuel particle size on the performance of coal,typically sourced in low-income households in townships in South Africa,and to subsequently compare the performance with a feed char of a common cast iron *** fuel particle sizes of 15,20,30,and 40 mm,as well as a composite of the sizes were tested at 550C,against their untreated coal analogues to evaluate the thermal performance of each *** thermal performance assessment metrics are ignition time,water boiling time,heat transfer and combustion efficiencies,while CO and CO_(2)emissions were measured for the calculations of CO/CO_(2)*** times were found to decrease from coals to chars and to decrease with increasing particle *** effects of fuel type on the water boiling time were only observed in the later stages of the burn cycle,with the char boiling a 2 L batch of water in an average 24 min,while the coals reported an average boiling time of 20 *** transfer efficiencies showed no significant variation with fuel type or particle size,with the average efficiency for the coals and that of the chars being around 66%.The fuels’performance was better gauged by the combustion efficiency,which was found to improve marginally from the coal fuels to the chars,and to increase with increasing particle *** from this testwork could contribute to the performance inventories from the combustion of domestic coal mined in South Africa in a typical cast iron stove which is used in informal settlements.

关键词： Coal and its derived char combustion Heterogeneous testing protocol Efficiency Particle size Cast-iron stove

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pH-dependent leaching mechanism of carbonatitic chalcopyrite in ferric sulfate solution

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2021年第7期31卷 2139-2152页

作者： Kolela J NYEMbWE Elvis FOSSO-KANKEU frans waanders Martin MKANDAWIRE Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group School of Chemical and Minerals EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringNorth-West UniversitySouth Africa Department of Chemistry School of Science and TechnologyCape Breton UniversityCanada

The dissolution of a carbonatitic chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)was studied in H_(2)SO_(4)−Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)−FeSO_(4)−H_(2)O at varying pH values(0.5−2.5)and 25℃ for 12 *** were conducted with a size fraction of 53−75μ*** Cu recoveries,below 15%,were observed in all pH *** results from the XRD,SEM−EDS,and optical microscopic(OM)analyses of the residues indicated that the dissolution proceeded through the formation of transient ***_(3.39)Fe_(0.61)S_(4) and Cu_(2)S were the intermediate phases at pH 0.5 and 1.0,respectively,whereas Cu_(5)FeS_(4) was the major mineral at pH 1.5 and *** thermodynamic modelling predicted the sequential formation of CuFeS_(2)→Cu_(5)FeS_(4)→Cu_(2)S→*** soluble intermediates were Cu_(5)FeS_(4) and Cu2S,whilst,CuS and Cu_(3.39)Fe_(0.61)S_(4) were the refractory phases,supporting their cumulating behaviour throughout the *** obtained results suggest that the formation of CuS and Cu_(3.39)Fe_(0.61)S_(4) could contribute to the passive film formed during CuFeS_(2) leaching.

关键词： chalcopyrite carbonatite chemical leaching leaching mechanism intermediate phase thermodynamic behavior

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Fe_(3)O_(4)对黄铜矿在酸性硫酸铁溶液中铜溶解氧化还原反应的影响

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第6期34卷 1965-1975页

作者： Kolela J NYEMbWE Elvis FOSSO-KANKEU frans waanders Martin MKANDAWIRE Didier K NYEMbWE bhekie b MAMbA Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group School of Chemical and Minerals EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa Department of Mining Engineering College of Science Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaFlorida Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Metallurgy Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Chemistry School of Science and TechnologyCape Breton UniversityCanada School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaFlorida Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa

由于钝化层的形成,黄铜矿(CuFeS_(2))在氧化条件下浸出通常具有溶解速率缓慢的特点。为了将黄铜矿浸出过程中的钝化效应降至最低并提高铜的回收率,研究了CuFeS_(2)在不同pH值(1.0、1.5和1.8)和温度(25和50℃)条件下浸出时,向Fe_(2)(SO_(... 详细信息

由于钝化层的形成,黄铜矿(CuFeS_(2))在氧化条件下浸出通常具有溶解速率缓慢的特点。为了将黄铜矿浸出过程中的钝化效应降至最低并提高铜的回收率,研究了CuFeS_(2)在不同pH值(1.0、1.5和1.8)和温度(25和50℃)条件下浸出时,向Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)−H_(2)SO_(4)浸出剂中添加磁铁矿(Fe_(3)O_(4))对铜溶解速率的影响。结果表明,溶液pH值、电位和温度在溶解过程中起着关键作用。在pH 1.8、50℃和400 mV的条件下,Fe_(3)O_(4)−CuFeS_(2)混合体系中铜的回收率达到最大值(70%),而未添加Fe_(3)O_(4)时,CuFeS_(2)中铜的回收率较低(48%)。添加Fe_(3)O_(4)有助于维持较高的氧化还原值。添加Fe_(3)O_(4)还使活化能从79.04 kJ/mol降低到53.69 kJ/mol。这表明,当Fe_(3)O_(4)存在时,由于形成了更易溶解的中间体斑铜矿(Cu_(5)FeS_(4))和辉铜矿(Cu_(2)S),CuFeS_(2)更易被氧化。两种溶解过程都受到矿物表面的化学控制。此外,对浸出残渣的矿物学分析表明,当无Fe_(3)O_(4)存在时,作为表面钝化物的黄钾铁矾浓度较高。因此,添加Fe_(3)O_(4)减少了钝化层的形成,提升了铜的回收率。

关键词：黄铜矿溶解磁铁矿电偶钝化

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal impacts on competitive interactions between Acacia etbaica and boswellia papyrifera seedlings under drought stress

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 298-308页

作者： Emiru birhane Frank J.Sterck frans bongers Thomas W.Kuyper Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia Department of Soil Quality Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can have a substantial effect on the water and nutrient uptake by plants and the competition between plants in harsh environments where resource availability comes in *** this study we focus on interspecific competition between Acaia etbaica and boswellia papyrifera that have distinctive resource acquisition *** compared the extent of interspecific competition with that of intraspecific *** In a greenhouse study we examined the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(AM)and pulsed water availability on competitive interactions between seedlings of the rapidly growing species *** and the slowly growing species ***.A factorial experimental design was *** factors were AM,two water levels and five species combinations Important Findings Seedlings of both species benefitted from AM when grown alone,and the positive growth response to pulsed water availability in *** seedlings was in contrast with the negative growth response for *** *** also affected the competitive performance of both *** was not affected by intraspecific competition,whereas *** was negatively affected compared to the seedlings grown *** effect was stronger in the presence of *** interspecific competition,*** outcompeted *** and pulsed water availability did not affect the outcome of interspecific competition,and the aggressivity index of *** remained *** extent to which AM influences plant competition in a droughtstressed environment may depend on belowground functional traits of the *** and pulsed water availability could modify the balance between intraspecific and interspecific *** affecting the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition,both factors could impact the establishment and survival of seedlings.

关键词： competition relative yield conservative acquisitive functional traits

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ALbERTSLUND LIbRARY,DENMARK:OPTIMIZATION OF INDOOR DAYLIGHT AND THERMAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND USE OF FAN-ASSISTED NATURAL VENTILATION IN A PUbLIC LIbRARY

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Journal of Green building 2006年第4期1卷 3-10页

作者： bruno Nielsen Henrik Sørensen Rasmus Pedersen frans Drewniak Esbensen Consulting Vesterbrogade 124 BDK-1620 Copenhagen VDenmark Henning Larsens Tegnestue Vesterbrogade 76DK-1620 Copenhagen VDenmark

INTRODUCTION The theme for the renovation of Albertslund Library has been to create a markedly bright library that is open to its surroundings and *** overall objective is to satisfy the needs of the staff at the library and users in all age groups and from all social ***,the goal is to have a building which is optimized in terms of indoor daylight and thermal conditions,use of natural ventilation for saving energy in terms of cooling,and electricity for fan assistance and artificial light.

关键词： satisfy stratum library

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Report on Childhood Obesity in China(8):Effects and Sustainability of Physical Activity Intervention on body Composition of Chinese Youth

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biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期23卷 180-187页

作者： YAN-PING LI XIAO=QI HU EVERT G. SCHOUTEN AI-LING LIU SONG-MING DU LIN-ZHONG LI ZHAO-HuI CUI DONG WANG frans J KOK FRANK b HU GUAN-SHENG MA National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University The Netherlands Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health USA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard School of Public Health USA

Objectives To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in beijing, China. Methods The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention （20 rain of daily exercise in the classroom） with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline. Results After the one-year intervention, bMI increased by 0.56 kg/m2 （SD 1.15） in the intervention group and by 0.72 kg/m^2 （SD 1.20） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.15 kg/m^2 （95% CI： -0.28 to -0.02）. bMI z score decreased by -0.05 （SD 0.44） in the intervention group, but increased by 0.01 （SD 0.46） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.07 （-0.13 to -0.01）. After another year of follow up, compared to the control group, children in the intervention group had significantly lower bMI （-0.13, -0.25 to -0.01 ）, bMI z score （-0.05, -0.10 to -0.01）, fat mass （-0.27 kg, -0.53 to -0.02） and percent body fat （-0.53, -1.00 to -0.05）. The intervention had a more pronounced effect on weight, height, bMI, bMI z score, and body composition among obese children than among normal weight or overweight children. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a significantly higher percentage of children who maintained or reduced their bMI z score at year 1 （P-0.008） and year 2 （P=-0.04）. Conclusions These findings suggest that 20 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the school year is a feasible and effective way to prevent excessive gain of body weight, bMI, and body fatness in primary school students.

关键词： Intervention bMI School China

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