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The comparative efficacy of ezetimibe added to atorvastatin 10 mg versus uptitration to atorvastatin 40 mg in subgroups of patients aged 65 to 74 years or greater than or equal to 75 years

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Ori Ben-Yehuda Nanette K. Wenger Christian Constance franklin zieve Mary E. Hanson Jian-Xin Lin Arvind K. Shah Charlotte Jones-Burton Andrew M. Tershakovec University of California San Diego 200 West Arbor Drive La Jolla CA 92103 USA Emory University School of Medicine 49 Jess Hill Jr Dr SE Atlanta GA 30303 USA SHopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Recherche Clinique/Polyclinique 5415 Boulevard de l＇Assomption Suite 295 Montreal Quebec QC H1T2M4 Canada McGuire VA Medical Center 1201 Broad Rock Blvd （151） Richmond VA 23249 USA Merck-Sharp ＆ Dohme One Merck Drive Whitehouse Station NJ 08889 USA

Background Coronary heart disease （CHD） risk increases with age; yet lipid-lowering therapies are significantly under-utilized in patients 〉 65 years. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies in older patients treated with atorvastatin 10 nag ＋ ezetimibe 10 mg （EZ/Atorva） vs. increasing the atorvastatin dose to 40 mg, Methods Patients 〉 65 years with atherosclerotic vascular disease （LDL-C ≥1.81 mmol/L） or at high risk for coronary heart disease （LDL-C 〉 2.59 mmol/L） were randomized to EZ/Atorva for 12 wk vs. uptitration to atorvastatin 20 nag for 6 wk followed by atorvastatin 40 nag for 6 wk. The percent change in LDL-C and other lipid parameters and percent patients achieving prespecified LDL-C levels were assessed after 12 wk. Results EZ/Atorva produced greater reductions in most lipid parameters vs. uptitration of atorvastatin in patients 〉 75 years （n = 228）, generally consistent with patients 65-74 years （n = 812）. More patients achieved LDL-C targets with combination therapy vs. monotherapy in both age groups at 6 wk and in patients 〉 75 years at 12 wk. At 12 wk, more patients 〉 75 years achieved LDL-C targets with monotherapy vs. combination therapy. EZ/Atorva produced more favorable improvements in most lipids vs. doubling or quadrupling the atorvastatin dose in patients 〉 75 years, generally consistent with the findings in patients 65-74 years. Conclusions Our results extended previous findings demonstrating that ezetimibe added to a statin provided a generally well-tolerated therapeutic option for improving the lipid profile in patients 65 to 74 years and 〉 75 years of age.

关键词： cholesterol absorption inhibitor LDL-C hypercholesterolemia statin

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ADDITIVE-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL CLARITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第5期21卷 533-539页

作者： Jeffery franklin Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario Canada KIS 5B6

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide afforded hydrogelsdisplaying high levels of light scattering (poor optical clarity). Enhancement of the optical clarity within a polyacrylamide(PAm) hydrogel was accomplished through the implementation of 'refractive index matching'. Water-soluble additives wereutilised to better match the refractive index inhomogeneities throughout a given hydrogel. This resulted in lower lightscattering within the system and hence improved clarity. Amino acids, sugars, polymers, and other water-soluble additivessuch as glycerol were investigated by this methodology. Most additives investigaed displayed potential for effectivelyreducing the light scattering within a PAm hydrogel as a function of increased additive concentration. On increasing therefractive index of the water medium, the overall refractive index of a PAm hydrogel was also observed to increase. Thisprovided a quantitative means of determining the effectiveness of a given additive for improving the optical clarity within ahydrogel.

关键词： Optical clarity Polyacrylamide hydrogel Refractive index matching Bacteriorhodopsin Optical memory device

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A cognitive model＇s view of animal cognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 499-513页

作者： Sidney D'MELLO Stan franklin Department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIDA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal＇s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIDA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 499-513, 2011].

关键词： Cognitive models Computational models LIDA Ontology Taxonomy

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Male-Female Crosstalk during Pollen Germination, Tube Growth and Guidance, and Double Fertilization

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1018-1036页

作者： Thomas Dresselhaus Noni franklin-Tong Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg University of Regensburg Universitatsstrabe 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany School of Biosciences University of Birmingham. Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube interacts with various sporophytic cell types that support its growth and guide it towards the surface of the ovule. The final steps of tube guidance and sperm delivery are controlled by the cells of the female gametophyte. During fertilization, cell-cell communication events take place to achieve and maximize reproductive success. Additional layers of crosstalk exist, including self-recognition and specialized processes to prevent self-fertilization and consequent inbreeding. In this review, we focus on intercellular communication between the pollen grain/pollen tube including the sperm cells with the various sporophytic maternal tissues and the cells of the female gametophyte. Polymorphic-secreted peptides and small proteins, especially those belonging to various subclasses of small cysteine-rich proteins （CRPs）, reactive oxygen species （ROS）/NO signaling, and the second messenger Ca2＋, play center stage in most of these processes.

关键词： pollen tube transmitting tract self-incompatibility fertilization cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) calcium polyspermy.

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Inhibiting Self-Pollen:Self-Incompatibility in Papaver Involves Integration of Several Signaling Events

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1219-1226页

作者： Vernonica E.franklin-Tong School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUK

Cellular responses rely on signal perception and integration. A nice example of this is self incompatibility （SI）, which is an important mechanism to prevent inbreeding. It prevents self-fertilization by using a highly discriminatory cellular recognition and rejection mechanism. Most Sl systems are genetically specified by the S-locus, which has a pollen and a pistil S-component. A receptor-ligand interaction is used by Papaver rhoeas to control SI. S proteins encoded by the pistil part of the S-locus interact with incompatible pollen to achieve rapid inhibition of tip growth. The incompatible Sl interaction triggers a Ca^2＋-dependent signaling cascade. A number of Sl-specific events are triggered in incompatible pollen, including rapid depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton; phosphorylation of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases （SPPases）, Prp26.1; activation of a mitogen activated protein kinase, p56; programmed cell death （PCD） involving a caspase-3-1ike activity. These events contribute to prevent self-fertilizaUon. We are attempting to establish the functional significance of these events, and their possible involvement in integrating a coordinated signaling response. Here we describe the identification of these components shown to be involved in Sl, together with recent progress in identifying links between some of them. These data constitute the first steps in elucidating how SI signaling is integrated.

关键词： actin cytoskeleton mitogen activated protein kinase pollen tube inhibition programmed cell death self-incompatibility soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases

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Current status and trends of carbon-based electrodes for fully solution-processed perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 222-246页

作者： Laura MGonzález Daniel Ramirez franklin Jaramillo Centro de Investigación Innovacióny Desarrollo de MaterialesCIDEMATFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No.52-21Medellín 050010Colombia

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaic research. As a result, a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.5% was recorded in late 2020. Although this efficiency is comparable with silicon solar cells;some issues remain partially unsolved, such as lead toxicity, instability of perovskite materials under continuous illumination, moisture and oxygen, and degradation of the metallic counter electrodes. As an alternative to tackle this last concern, carbon materials have been recently used, due to their good electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical stability, which makes them one of the most promising materials to replace metallic counter electrodes in the fabrication of PSCs. This review highlights the recent advances of carbon-based PSCs, where the carbon electrode(CE) is the main *** have become very promising candidates for PSCs;they are mainly fabricated using a simple combination of graphite and carbon black powders embedded in a binder matrix, giving a paste that is then solution-processable, resulting in devices with improved quality stability, when compared to metallic electrodes. In this review, CE’s composition is emphasized, since it can give both, high and lowtemperature processed electrodes, compatible with different device configurations. Finally, the tendencies and opportunities to use CE in PSCs devices are presented.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Carbon electrodes Scaling up Stability Solution processing

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A DFT study on brittle-to-ductile transition of D022-TiAl3 using multi-doping and strain-engineered effects

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第16期47卷 180-192页

作者： Boon Teoh Tan Shunnian Wu franklin Anariba Ping Wu Entropic Interface Croup Engineering Product DevelopmentSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore Materials Surface Group Science and Math Affiliated to Engineering Product DevelopmentSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore

In this work,the thermodynamic,mechanical properties and electronic behaviors of D022-TiAl3 doped with W and 15 groupⅣM(M=C,Ge,Pb,Si and Sn)dopants are investigated by DFT *** established that ductility can be improved using multi-doping approach and revealed the mechanisms behind such brittle-to-ductile *** addition,it is found that there is linearity between changes in Young’s modulus and tensile/compre s sive strain *** alternate insight into brittle-to-ductile transition during ductile mode cutting of brittle materials is proposed.

关键词： Multi-doped TiAl3 Brittle-to-Ductile transition Elastic properties First-principles calculation Strain-engineered

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Transcriptome changes in apple peel tissues during CO_(2)injury symptom development under controlled atmosphere storage regimens

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 13-25页

作者： franklin T Johnson Yanmin Zhu Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullman98664WAUSA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory USDA-ARSWenatchee98801WAUSA

Apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the most widely cultivated tree crops,and fruit storability is vital to the profitability of the apple fruit *** of many apple cultivars can be stored for an extended period due to the introduction of advanced storage technologies,such as controlled atmosphere(CA)and 1-methylcyclopropane(1-MCP).However,CA storage can cause external CO_(2)injury for some apple *** molecular changes associated with the development of CO_(2)injury are not well *** this study,the global transcriptional regulations were investigated under different storage conditions and during development of CO_(2)injury symptoms on‘Golden Delicious’*** peel tissues under three different storage regimens,regular cold atmosphere,CA and CA storage and 1-MCP application were sampled at four storage durations over a 12-week *** physiological changes were affected differently under these storage regimens,and CO_(2)injury symptoms were detectable 2 weeks after CA *** of the differentially expressed genes and a gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the specific transcriptome changes associated with each storage ***,a profound transcriptome change was associated with CA storage regimen as indicated by the large number of differentially expressed *** lighter symptom was accompanied by reduced transcriptome changes under the CA storage and 1-MCP application ***,the higher enrichment levels in the functional categories of oxidative stress response,glycolysis and protein post-translational modification were only associated with CA storage regime;therefore,these processes potentially contribute to the development of external CO_(2)injury or its symptom in apple.

关键词： cultivar crops regimen

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The Laozi and the Cosmogonic Turn in Classical Chinese Philosophy

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第2期11卷 185-205页

作者： franklin Perkins Department of Philosophy Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Sinagapore

In the past several decades, our understanding of the Laozi has been revolutionized by the discovery of new textual materials. While research has focused on various manuscript copies, the discovery of other cosmogonic texts dated to the late fourth century BC indicate that the Laozi was not as unique as it once seemed. Taken together, these texts show a radical shift in philosophical orientation occurring by the late 4th century BC, a change toward concerns with cosmogony and accounts of human beings as merely one part of the natural world. The goal of this paper is to analyze the various elements of this shift, using the Taiyi Sheng Shui 太一生水（Great One Generates Water）, Hengxian 恒先（Constancy First）, and Fan Wu Liu Xing 凡物流形（All Things Flow into Form）, along with Lhe Laozi bamboo strips found at Guodian. The first section examines the commonalities between the various cosmogonies; the second places cosmogony in the context of other distinctive concerns that the texts share, turning toward the ;implications of the cosmogonies for human action. The final section examines orLe of the fundamental points on which the texts disagree.

关键词： Laozi Cosmogony excavated texts Guodian

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Large animal ischemic stroke models: replicating human stroke pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1377-1387页

作者： Erin E.Kaiser franklin D.West Regenerative Bioscience Center University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Neuroscience Program Biomedical and Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

The high morbidity and mortality rate of ischemic stroke in humans has led to the development of numerous animal models that replicate human stroke to further understand the underlying pathophysiology and to explore potential therapeutic *** promising therapeutics have been identified using these animal models,with most undergoing significant testing in rodent models,the vast majority of these interventions have failed in human clinical *** failure of preclinical translation highlights the critical need for better therapeutic assessment in more clinically relevant ischemic stroke animal *** animal models such as non-human primates,sheep,pigs,and dogs are likely more predictive of human responses and outcomes due to brain anatomy and physiology that are more similar to humans-potentially making large animal testing a key step in the stroke therapy translational *** objective of this review is to highlight key characteristics that potentially make these gyrencephalic,large animal ischemic stroke models more predictive by comparing pathophysiological responses,tissue-level changes,and model limitations.

关键词： brain ischemia clinical translation gyrencephalic large animal model magnetic resonance imaging stroke

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