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Watershed management,groundwater recharge and drought resilience:An integrated approach to adapt to rainfall variability in northern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 663-683页

作者： Kifle Woldearegay Berhane Grum Rudi Hessel frank van steenbergen Luuk Fleskens Eyasu Yazew Lulseged Tamene Kindu Mekonnen Teklay Reda Mulu Haftu School of Earth Science Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia School of Civil Engineering Mekelle Institute of Technology-MekelleMekelle UniversityP.O.Box 3185MekelleEthiopia Soil Water and Land Use TeamWageningen Environmental ResearchP.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands MetaMeta Research Postelstraat 25211EA's-HertogenboschThe Netherlands Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box231MekelleEthiopia International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) Addis AbabaEthiopia Wukro Saint Mary College WukroTigrayEthiopia

Rainfall variability coupled with poor land and water management is contributing to food insecurity in many sub-Saharan African countries such as *** address such challenges,various efforts have been implemented in *** objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term impacts of different soil and water conservation and water harvesting interventions on groundwater and drought resilience of the Gule watershed,northern *** study involved:(i)documentation of the ap-proaches followed and the technologies implemented in Gule since the 1990s,(ii)monitoring the hy-drological effects of the interventions for ten years,and(iii)evaluation of the effects of the interventions on groundwater(level and quality),spring discharge and suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in *** showed that interventions were implemented at different stages and *** a result of the interventions,the watershed was transformed into a landscape resilient to rainfall variability:(a)dry shallow groundwater wells have become productive and the level of water in wells has raised,(b)the groundwater quality has improved,(c)SSC in high floods has reduced by up to 65%,(d)discharge of existing springs has increased by up to 73%and new springs have started to *** to improved water availability,irrigated land has increased from less than 3.5 ha before 2002 to 166 ha in *** have remained water-secure during an extreme drought in 2015/*** of watershed management practices has transformed the landscape to be resilient to rainfall variability in a semi-arid environment:a lesson for adaptation to climate variability and change in similar environments.

关键词： Climate change Green and blue water Landscape restoration Water harvesting

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High Fluoride, Modest Fluorosis: Investigation in Drinking Water Supply in Halaba (SNNPR, Ethiopia)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第2期3卷 120-126页

作者： frank van steenbergen Redda Tekle Haimanot Aschalew Sidelil 不详

In Halaba district in Southern Ethiopia fluoride levels from boreholes are high (2.6 to 7.0 mg/l), yet the incidence of fluorosis is modest. Drinking water users living in the vicinity of four drinking water systems that have been in operation for more than 35 years were surveyed. Out of 625 persons 5 percent had severe dental fluorosis and 42 percent had mild forms—which is considerably less than results of other areas with comparable fluoride levels. The incidence was highest in the older age groups. Possible explanations were explored. A likely reason may be the continued large dependence on rain water harvesting ponds for human consumption alongside the use of water from the public borehole systems, but more investigations would be required to confirm this proposition.

关键词： Ethiopia Fluoride Fluorosis Rift Valley Water Health

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Using occupancy models to determine mammalian responses to landscape changes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 232-239页

作者： Jeremy M.NICHOLSON frank T.van MANEN Department of Forestry Wildlifeand FisheriesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA US Geological Survey Southern Appalachian Research BranchUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Determining impacts of anthropogenic landscape changes on wildlife populations is *** the challengesDetermining impacts of anthropogenic landscape changes on wildlife populations is *** the challenges of designing field studies to document conditions before and after landscape changes occur,assessment of popula-of designing field studies to document conditions before and after landscape changes occur,assessment of popula-tion responses(*** in population density)often provide poor inference because of sampling *** responses(*** in population density)often provide poor inference because of sampling *** of occupancy,however,only requires data on detection or non-detection of a species and might provideEstimation of occupancy,however,only requires data on detection or non-detection of a species and might provide better *** demonstrate the utility of occupancy models,we used data from an American black bear(Ursusbetter *** demonstrate the utility of occupancy models,we used data from an American black bear(Ursus americanus Pallas)population in North Carolina,USA to test our research hypothesis that documented declines inamericanus Pallas)population in North Carolina,USA to test our research hypothesis that documented declines in site occupancy of black bears would be greater near a new four-lane *** used multi-season occupancysite occupancy of black bears would be greater near a new four-lane *** used multi-season occupancy models to estimate site occupancy based on bear visitation to survey sites before and after completion of the newmodels to estimate site occupancy based on bear visitation to survey sites before and after completion of the new highway and as a function of distance to the *** occupancy declined from 0.81 to 0.35 between the twohighway and as a function of distance to the *** occupancy declined from 0.81 to 0.35 between the two s

关键词： landscape changes mammalian responses occupancy models transportation infrastructure Ursus americanus.

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Artificial intelligence meets body sense: task-driven neural networks reveal computational principles of the proprioceptive pathway

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3147-3149页

作者： Leonard E.van Dyck frank Bremmer Katharina Dobs Department of Psychology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences LeipzigGermany Center for Mind Brain and BehaviorUniversities of MarburgGiessenand DarmstadtMarburgGermany Department of Neurophysics Philipps-Universitat MarburgMarburgGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Marin Vargas and Bisi et al.1 present an innovative approach to unravel the computational principles underlying proprioceptive processing in non-human *** findings showcase the utility of task-driven modeling in advancing neuroscience and offer translational potential by providing seminal insights into the goals and mechanisms by which the brain encodes body position and movements.

关键词： networks neural principles

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Experimental and numerical investigation to elucidate the fluid flow through packed beds with structured particle packings

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 218-237页

作者： Shirin Patil Christian Gorges Joel Lòpez Bonilla Moritz Stelter frank Beyrau Berend van Wachem Laboratory of Technical Thermodynamics Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany

The present paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the dispersion of the gaseous jet flow and co-flow for the simple unit cell(SUC)and body-centred cubic(BCC)configuration of particles in packed *** experimental setup is built in such a way that suitable and simplified boundary conditions are imposed for the corresponding numerical framework,so the simulations can be done under very similar conditions as the ***,a porous plate is used for the co-flow to achieve the uniform velocity and the fully developed flow is ensured for the jet *** SUC and BCC particle beds consist of 3D-printed spheres,and the non-isotropy near the walls is mostly eliminated by placing half-spheres at the channel *** flow velocities are analysed directly at the exit of the particle bed for both beds over 36 pores for the SUC configuration and 60 pores for the BCC configuration,for particle Reynolds numbers of 200,300,and *** particle image velocimetry is experimentally arranged in such a way that the velocities over the entire region at the exit of the packed bed are obtained *** numerical method consists of a state-of-the-art immersed boundary method with adaptive mesh *** paper presents the pore jet structure and velocity field exiting from each pore for the SUC and BCC packed particle *** numerical and experimental studies show a good agreement for the SUC configuration for all flow *** the BCC configuration,some differences can be observed in the pore jet flow structure between the simulations and the experiments,but the general flow velocity distribution shows a good overall *** axial velocity is generally higher for the pores located near the centre of the packed bed than for the pores near the *** addition,the axial velocities are observed to increase near the peripheral pores of the packed *** behaviour is predominant for the BCC configuration as compared to t

关键词： Uniform particle packing Packed bed reactor Stereo particle image velocimetry Immersed boundary method

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Application of the Point-Descriptor-Precedence representation for micro-scale traffic analysis at a non-signalized T-junction

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第3期26卷 406-430页

作者： Amna Qayyum Bernard De Baets Laure De Cock frank Witlox Guy De Tré Nico van de Weghe Department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium

An intersection of two or more roads poses a risk for potential conflicts among *** the reasons triggering such conflicts are not clear,as they might be too subtle for the human *** environment also plays a part in understanding where,when,and why a particular vehicle interaction has occurred in a certain ***,it is of paramount importance to dive deeper into the vehicle interaction at a micro-scale within the embedded geographical environment,particularly at the *** would in turn assist in evaluating the association of vehicle interactions with conflict risks and near-miss ***,detection of such micro traffic interactions could also be used to improvise the complexity of the already established transport ***,traffic at intersections has been explored mainly for flow estimation,capacity and width measurements,and traffic congestion,etc.,whereas the detection of micro-scale traffic interactions at intersections remains relatively *** this paper,we present a novel approach to retrieve and represent micro-scale traffic movement interactions at a non-signalized T-junction by extending a recently introduced qualitative spatiotemporal Point-Descriptor-Precedence(PDP)*** study how the PDP representation offers a fine solution to study the interaction of traffic flows at *** permits tracking the micro-movement of vehicles in much finer detail,which is used later to retrieve movement patterns from a motion *** conventional approaches,we start our approach with the actual movements before modeling the static intersection ***,with the aid of illustrative examples,we discuss how the length,width,and speed of the vehicles can be exploited in our approach to detect specific patterns more ***,we address the potential benefits of our approach for traffic safety assessment and how it can be extended to a network of

关键词： Vehicle interaction traffic research pattern identification traffic safety spatiotemporal representation movement pattern

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Sodium lanthanide fluoride core-shell nanocrystals： A general perspective on epitaxial shell growth

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Nano Research 2013年第8期6卷 547-561页

作者： Noah J. J. Johnson frank C. J. M. van Veggel Department of Chemistry University ofVictoria P.O. Box3065 Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3V6

Understanding the structural characteristics and growth mechanism（s） are essen-tial for generating core-shell nano-heterostructures with distinctive properties. Especially in lanthanide-based nanocrystals, rational design of the core-shell composition can be utilized to enhance/tune the optical properties of the final nanostructure, or can be used to integrate multiple functional applications （e.g., luminescent/magnetic）. In this article, we review the progress in our current understanding of the epitaxial shell growth in sodium lanthanide fluoride （NaLnF4） nanocrystals. In order to understand epitaxial shell growth the core nanocrystals have to be uniform, and to date the synthesis of high quality near uniform size/shape dispersion controlled synthesis of lanthanide-based nanocrystals has been achieved mainly with this class of nanocrystals. The progress in core-shell synthesis and the epitaxial shell growth mechanism in this class of nanocrystals （NaLnF4） are reviewed, and a general perspective is provided on the core-shell morphology based on different characterization techniques. While there has been tremendous progress in studying the impact of core-shell structures in various functional applications, this review also highlights, in our view, the still limited understanding of ways to control the core-shell morphology and it emphasizes some important, unanswered questions that remain to be addressed to maximize their performance.

关键词： upconvertingnanocrystals core-shell lanthanides epitaxy

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Constructing and Cleaning Identity Graphs in the LOD Cloud

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Data Intelligence 2020年第3期2卷 323-352页

作者： Joe Raad Wouter Beek frank van Harmelen Jan Wielemaker Nathalie Pernelle Fatiha Saïs Deptartment of Computer Science Vrije UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands Computer Science Research Laboratory(LRI)of the University Paris Sud French National Centre for Scientific ResearchParis Saclay UniversityOrsayFrance

In the absence of a central naming authority on the Semantic Web,it is common for different data sets to refer to the same thing by different *** multiple names are used to denote the same thing,owl:sameAs statements are needed in order to link the data and foster *** that date back as far as 2009,observed that the owl:sameAs property is sometimes used *** our previous work,we presented an identity graph containing over 500 million explicit and 35 billion implied owl:sameAs statements,and presented a scalable approach for automatically calculating an error degree for each identity *** this paper,we generate subgraphs of the overall identity graph that correspond to certain error *** show that even though the Semantic Web contains many erroneous owl:sameAs statements,it is still possible to use Semantic Web data while at the same time minimising the adverse effects of misusing owl:sameAs.

关键词： Linked Open Data Identity Quality Reasoning

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Spread of common native and invasive grasses and ruderal trees following anthropogenic disturbances in a tropical dry forest

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 394-407页

作者： Xavier A.Jaime Skip J.van Bloem frank H.Koch Stacy A.C.Nelson Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University2138 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Belle W.Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson UniversityPO Box 596GeorgetownSC 29442USA USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station3041 East Cornwallis RoadResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA Center for Geospatial Analytics Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA.

Introduction:A fundamental challenge to the integrity of tropical dry forest ecosystems is the invasion of nonnative grass *** grasses compete for resources and fuel anthropogenic *** 2012,a bulldozer from the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority cleared a 570-m trail from a state road into a mature dry forest section of Guánica Forest to control a *** monitored colonization by a non-native invasive grass(Megathyrsus maximus),a highly invasive tree(Leucaena leucocephala),and a native grass(Uniola virgata),as well as natural regeneration,along the bulldozer *** determined whether bulldozing facilitated colonization by these species into the forest and the extent of ***:Distance from propagule source and temporal variations strongly influenced colonization by our three focal *** maximus invaded along the trail from source populations by the state *** establishment of new colonies of *** seedlings went as far as 570 m inside the forest(i.e.,at the end of the bulldozer trail),but we found most new colonies within 270 m of the *** leucocephala exhibited a similar spreading *** disturbance,Uniola virgata was distributed widely across the forest,but the highest densities were found in areas near the latter portion(>401 m)of the bulldozer ***,the species formed new clumps along more than half of the trail(250 to 570 m),apparently colonizing from undisturbed patches ***:Bulldozing facilitated the invasion of non-native *** projected community assemblage will be more fire-prone than before since *** carries fire across the landscape better than ***,emphasizing the capacity of invasive plant colonization to alter local ecological processes after only a single wildfire and bulldoze *** results provide a valuable baseline for short-term vegetation response to anthropogenic disturbances in tropical semi-deciduous dry forests.

关键词： Tropical dry forest Grass invasions Bulldozing Wildfire Leucaena leucocephala Megathyrsus(Panicum)maximus Uniola virgata

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Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes:Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7152-7168页

作者： Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee Fuat Kurbanov Marc van Ranst frank Tacke Department of Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven3012 LeuvenBelgium Blood Transfusion Research Center High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineTehran 15614Iran Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaHarlyne J.Norris Cancer Research TowerLos AngelesCA 90033United States Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Medicine Ⅲ RWTH University Hospital Aachen52074 AachenGermany

The clinical course of infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) substantially varies between individuals, as a consequence of a complex interplay between viral, host, environmental and other factors. Due to the high genetic variability of HBV, the virus can be categorized into different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, which considerably differ with respect to geographical distribution, transmission routes, disease progression, responses to antiviral therapy or vaccination, and clinical outcome measures such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. However, HBV (sub)genotyping has caused some controversies in the past due to misclassifications and incorrect interpretations of different genotyping methods. Thus, an accurate, holistic and dynamic classification system is essential. In this review article, we aimed at highlighting potential pitfalls in genetic and phylogenetic analyses of HBV and suggest novel terms for HBV classification. Analyzing full-length genome sequences when classifying genotypes and subgenotypes is the foremost prerequisite of this classification system. Careful attention must be paid to all aspects of phylogenetic analysis, such as bootstrapping values and meeting the necessary thresholds for (sub)genotyping. Quasi-subgenotype refers to subgenotypes that were incorrectly suggested to be novel. As many of these strains were misclassified due to genetic differences resulting from recombination, we propose the term “recombino-subgenotype”. Moreover, immigration is an important confounding facet of global HBV distribution and substantially changes the geographic pattern of HBV (sub)genotypes. We therefore suggest the term “immigro-subgenotype” to distinguish exotic (sub)genotypes from native ones. We are strongly convinced that applying these two proposed terms in HBV classification will help harmonize this rapidly progressing field and allow for improved prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis Classification Genotype Subgenotype Phylogenetic tree

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