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Storylines of family medicine Ⅷ:clinical approaches

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 70-78页

作者： william B Ventres Leslie A Stone Lauren E Gibson-Oliver Elizabeth Kyle Meehan Mari A Ricker David Loxterkamp Stacy A Ogbeide frank V deGruy Megan R Mahoney Steven Lin Clare MacRae Stewart w Mercer Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Eugene S.Farley Jr.Health Policy CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Family and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅷ:clinical approaches’,authors address the following themes:‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅠ—toward a working diagnosis’,‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅡ—process steps’,‘Interweaving integrative medicine and family medicine’,‘Halfway—the art of clinical judgment’,‘Seamless integration in family medicine—team-based care’,‘Technology—uncovering stories from noise’and‘Caring for patients with multiple long-term conditions’.May readers recognise in these essays the uniqueness of a family medicine approach to care.

关键词： uniqueness dimensions illustration

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

Emission properties of nanolasers during the transition to lasing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 92-99页

作者： weng w Chow frank Jahnke Christopher Gies Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1086USA Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Bremen28334 BremenGermany

This review addresses ongoing discussions involving nanolaser experiments,particularly those related to thresholdless lasing or few-emitter devices.A quantum-optical(quantum-mechanical active medium and radiation field)theory is used to examine the emission properties of nanolasers under different experimental *** active medium is treated as inhomogeneously broadened semiconductor quantum dots embedded in a quantum well,where carriers are introduced via current *** are made between a conventional laser and a nanolaser with a spontaneous emission factor of unity,as well as a laser with only a few quantum dots providing the *** is found that the combined exploration of intensity,coherence time,photon autocorrelation function and carrier spectral hole burning can provide a unique and consistent picture of nanolasers in the new regimes of laser operation during the transition from thermal to coherent ***,by reducing the number of quantum dots in the optical cavity,a clear indication of non-classical photon statistics is observed before the single-quantum-dot limit is reached.

关键词： nanolasers optoelectronics photon statistics quantum light sources quantum optics semiconductor quantum dots thresholdless lasing

water issues and prospects for hydrological science in China

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water Science and Engineering 2014年第1期7卷 1-4页

作者： Zhong-bo YU Tao YANG frank w.SCHwARTZ State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Department of Geoscience University of Nevada School of Earth Sciences Ohio State University

As a country with one of the world＇s most rapidly developing economies, China is home to wonderful opportunities for its people and the nation as a whole. An essential element for continued economic prosperity is a water supply of guaranteed quality and quantity, providing critical insurance for food safety, health, and political stability. However, China＇s economic success has come with serious water resources problems, intensified by human activities and climate change. The nation is now facing extreme levels of water pollution, soil erosion, and sedimentation, along with floods, droughts, and urban storms. Taken together, these impacts have provided a serious headwind to socioeconomic development in China. This article discusses the problems and emerging opportunities for the coming generation of water scientists and engineers.

关键词： water issues and prospects for hydrological science in China

LPA_(1) antagonist-derived LNPs deliver A20 mRNA and promote anti-fibrotic activities

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9095-9102页

作者： Jingyue Yan Diana D.Kang Chang wang Xucheng Hou Shi Du Siyu wang Yonger Xue Zhengwei Liu Haoyuan Li Yichen Zhong Binbin Deng David w.McComb Yizhou Dong Division of Pharmaceutics&Pharmacology College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Icahn Genomics Institute Precision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteBiomedical Engineering and Imaging InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43212USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Activated fibroblasts are major mediators of pulmonary *** are generally found in the connective tissue but upon activation can generate excess extracellular matrix(ECM)in the lung interstitial ***,fibroblasts are one of the most targeted cells for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).Here,we develop an anti-fibrotic platform that can modulate both the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1(LPA_(1))and the inflammatory pathway through tumor necrosis factorα-induced protein 3(TNFAIP3,also known as A20)in ***,we synthesized a series of LPA_(1) antagonists,AM095 and AM966,derived amino lipids(LA lipids)which were formulated into LA-lipid nanoparticles(LA-LNPs)encapsulating ***,LA5-LNPs,with AM966 head group and biodegradable acetal lipid tails,showed efficient A20 mRNA delivery to lung fibroblasts in vitro(80.2%±1.5%)and ex vivo(17.2%±0.4%).when treated to primary mouse lung fibroblasts(MLF),this formulation inhibited fibroblast migration and collagen production,thereby slowing the progression of ***,LA5-LNPs encapsulated with A20 mRNA is a novel platform offering a potential approach to regulate fibroblast activation for the treatment of IPF.

关键词： lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1(LPA_(1))antagonist tumor necrosis factorα-induced protein 3(A20) lung fibrosis lipid nanoparticles mRNA

Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 199-214页

作者： Laura J.Brylka Assil-Ramin Alimy Miriam E.A.Tschaffon-Müller Shan Jiang Tobias Malte Ballhause Anke Baranowsky Simon von Kroge Julian Delsmann Eva Pawlus Kian Eghbalian Klaus Püschel Astrid Schoppa Melanie Haffner-Luntzer David J.Beech frank Timo Beil Michael Amling Johannes Keller Anita Ignatius Timur A.Yorgan Tim Rolvien Thorsten Schinke Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics University Medical Center UlmBadenWürttemberg89081 UlmGermany Department Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUK

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell *** we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in *** we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)*** with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate ***,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were located close to the growth *** skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of ***,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage ***,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) *** further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human ***,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in ***,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

关键词： Piezo1 markedly ossification

Felsenstein＇s ＂one-allele model＂ of speciation： The role of philopatry in the initial stages of host plant mediated reproductive isolation in Enchenopa binotata

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 658-666页

作者： frank w. STEARNS Kelley J. TILMON Thomas K. wOOD Department of Biology Biology-Psychology Building University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Plant Science Plant Science Building South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology 250 Townsend Hall University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

The study of speciation genetics is primarily concerned with identifying the genetic traits that allow divergent selec- tion to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Felsenstein reviewed this race between gene flow and selection, con- cluding that speciation with gene flow was unlikely under a ＂two-allele model＂（where two traits were necessary for reproductive isolation） but that divergence could occur quite easily under a ＂one-allele model.＂ Despite this finding, much of the sympatric speciation research involving phytophagous insects has relied on a two-trait model, where insects evolve both preferences for and increased performance on novel host plants. Philopatry （a tendency to remain where one was born） is known to occur in phyto- phagous insects and is a single trait isolation mechanism. However, it is traditionally invoked as simply augmenting reproductive isolation. Species in the Enchenopa binotata complex are believed to have speciated in sympatry. They exhibit host plant prefe- rences, host specific performance advantages and strong philopatry. we experimentally shifted E. binotata to evolutionarily novel host plants. Previous research has demonstrated that the experimental population of insects possesses genetic variation in prefe- rence and performance to the novel host. The degree of philopatry at mating and egg-laying was assayed for the first four years under full choice conditions. Host plant preference and performance was assayed after eight years. Philopatry was an immediate and strong isolating mechanism, while preference for and performance on the novel host lagged. we therefore suggest that philo- patry may be a more important mechanism in the early stages of a host shift than previously believed [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 658-666, 2013].

关键词： Philopatry Enchenopa Ecological Speciation Sympatric Speciation

Computer Forensics-An Essential Element of Modern IT Security

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 5-8页

作者： frank Y.w.Law K.P.Chow Center for Information Security and Cryptography University of Hong Kong

Computer forensics is the science of obtaining,preserving,and documenting evidence from computers,mobile devices as well as other digital electronic storage *** must be done in a manner designed to preserve the probative value of the evidence and to assure its admissibility in a legal ***,computer forensics is continually evolving as existing technologies progress and new technologies are *** example,digital investigators are required to investigate content on mobile device or data stored at the cloud *** the popularity of computers in everyday life as well as the acceleration of cybercrime rates in recent years,computer forensics is becoming an essential element of modern IT *** paper will cover the development of computer forensics in law enforcement and discuss the development in the latest live forensics skillsets.A number of interested areas of computer forensics will be also highlighted to explain how it can support IT security and civil / criminal investigation.

关键词： computer forensics cybercrime digital evidence

Radiological assessment of extranodal extension in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 757-764页

作者： Jan w.Dankbaar frank A.Pameijer Department of Radiology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht 3584CXThe Netherlands

The prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC)decreases with the presence of extranodal extension(ENE)in lymph node ***,ENE was introduced in the 8th Edition TNM Classification(TNM8)for Head and Neck Cancer as a staging variable in all HPV-negative *** with ENE may benefit from adjuvant or even primary chemotherapy and/or *** is a clear discrepancy between the definition of clinical ENE and pathological *** TNM8,the radiological evaluation of ENE only plays a supportive *** not all patients with advanced disease will undergo a neck dissection,histologic proof of ENE will not always be *** these cases,it would be of great help to be able to accurately determine ENE with radiological *** this review,an update is given of the ability of radiological imaging to identify and grade ENE.

关键词： Head and neck cancer extranodal extension TNM8 radiology CT MR