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Cross-scale modeling of surface temperature and tree seedling establishment in mountain landscapes

Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 313-327页

作者： John R Dingman Lynn C Sweet Ian McCullough frank w davis Alan Flint Janet franklin Lorraine E Flint Earth Research Institute University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science CenterSacramentoCA 95819USA Bren School of Environmental Science&Management University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Introduction:Estimating surface temperature from above-ground field measurements is important for understanding the complex landscape patterns of plant seedling survival and establishment,processes which occur at heights of only several ***,future climate models predict temperature at 2 m above ground,leaving ground-surface microclimate not well ***:Using a network of field temperature sensors and climate models,a ground-surface temperature method was used to estimate microclimate variability of minimum and maximum *** lapse rates were derived from field temperature sensors and distributed across the landscape capturing differences in solar radiation and cold air drainages modeled at a 30-m spatial ***:The surface temperature estimation method used for this analysis successfully estimated minimum surface temperatures on north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic settings,and when compared to measured temperatures yielded an R2 of 0.88,0.80,0.88,and 0.80,*** surface temperatures generally had slightly more spatial variability than minimum surface temperatures,resulting in R2 values of 0.86,0.77,0.72,and 0.79 for north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic ***-Poisson regressions predicting recruitment of Quercus kelloggii(black oak)seedlings from temperature variables were significantly improved using these estimates of surface temperature compared to air temperature modeled at 2 ***:Predicting minimum and maximum ground-surface temperatures using a downscaled climate model coupled with temperature lapse rates estimated from field measurements provides a method for modeling temperature effects on plant *** methods could be applied to improve projections of species’range shifts under climate *** of complex topography can provide intricate microclimates that may allow species to redistribute locally as climate

关键词： Black oak Climate change Generalized linear models Microclimate Topography Spatial scale Surface temperature

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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in organ fibrosis development:current understanding and treatment strategies

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 598-617页

作者： Lexin Liu Qizhe Sun frank davis Jianhua Mao Hailin Zhao Daqing Ma Division of Anaesthetics Pain Medicine and Intensive CareDepartment of Surgery and CancerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonChelsea andWestminster HospitalLondonSW109NHUK Department of Nephrology and Urology Pediatric Urolith CenterThe Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang Province310003China Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang Province310003China

Organ fibrosis is a process in which cellular homeostasis is disrupted and extracellular matrix is excessively *** can lead to vital organ failure and there are no effective treatments *** epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)may be one of the key cellular mechanisms,the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis remain largely *** is a cell phenotypic process in which epithelial cells lose their cell-to-cell adhesion and polarization,after which they acquire mesenchymal features such as infiltration and migration *** injurious stimulation in different organs,EMT can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways and is also regulated by epigenetic *** narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EMT in fibrogenesis and discusses potential strategies for attenuating EMT to prevent and/or inhibit *** better understanding the role of EMT in fibrosis development,targeting EMT and beyond in developing therapeutics to tackle fibrosis is challenging but likely feasible.

关键词： EMT Fibrosis TGF-β Smad HDAC inhibitors TGF-βantibody Organ fibrosis Senescence Extracellular matrix

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Surfactant Assisted Dispersion and Adhesion Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes on Cu—Zr and Cu—Zr—Al Amorphous Powders

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第9期30卷 847-853页

作者： Jonathan Nguyen Haiming wen Zhihui Zhang frank Yaghmaie Enrique Lavernia Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California at DavisDavis CA 95616 USA Northern California Nanotechnology Center University of California at DavisDavis CA 95616 USA

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were dispersed in gas atomized Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 （CZA） and CusoZrso （CZ） amorphous powders, in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms of adhesion of CNTs onto amorphous metallic powders. CNTs were homogenously dispersed in water using a zwitterionic （Zw） surfactant. Then CZA and CZ powders were submersed in the Zw-CNTsuspensions with varying amounts of dwell time in an ultrasonic bath. The Zw-CNT- metal powder suspensions were dried, and CNT-metal composite powders were obtained after decomposition of the surfactant by calcination. Zeta potential measurements on Zw-CNT-metal powder suspensions and scanning electron microscopy investigation into the CNT-metal composite powders both indicated an ideal dwell time, for a specific alloy composition, of metallic powders in Zw-CNT suspension to achieve optimal adhesion of CNTs onto amorphous metallic powder surfaces. The results are rationalized on the basis of hydrolysis of metal ions into suspension creating a net positive charge on the metallic powder surfaces, and the interaction between the charged powder surfaces and the charged hydrophilic head groups of Zw, which has the other end attached to CNTs.

关键词： Metallic powders Carbon nanotubes Dispersion Surfactant Hydrolysis

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Transferability of Microsatellite Markers from Brachypodium distachyon to Miscanthus sinensis,a Potential Biomass Crop

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第3期53卷 232-245页

作者： Hua Zhao Jiangyan Yu frank M. You Mingcheng Luo Junhua Peng Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1170 USA

Miscanthus sinensis has high biomass yield and contributed two of the three genomes in M. x giganteus, a bioenergy crop widely studied in Europe and North America, and thus is a potential biomass crop and an important germplasm for Miscanthus breeding. Molecular markers are essential for germplasm evaluation, genetic analyses and new cultivar development in M. sinensis. In the present study, we reported transferability of simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers from Brachypodium distachyon to M. sinensis. A set of 57 SSR markers evenly distributed across the B. distachyon genome were deliberately designed. Out of these B. distachyon SSR markers, 86.0% are transferable to M. sinensis. The SSR loci amplified in M. sinensis were validated by re-sequencing the amplicons. The polymorphism information content （PIC） of the transferable SSR markers varied from 0.073 to 0.375 with a mean of 0.263, assessed based on 21 M. sinensis genotypes. Phylogenetic tree based on 162 alleles detected by 49 SSR markers could unambiguously distinguish B. distachyon from M. sinensis, and cluster 21 M. sinensis genotypes into three groups that are basically in coincidence with their geographical distribution and ecotype classifications. The markers developed by the comparative genomic approach could be useful for germplasm evaluation, genetic analysis, and marker-assisted breeding in Miscanthus.

关键词： Miscanthus Genomes Biomass Evaluation Genetics Viverridae Crops Oesophagus Germplasm Geographical distribution

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Effects of anaerobic digestion and aerobic treatment on the reduction of gaseous emissions from dairy manure storages

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 15-20页

作者： Ruihong Zhang Jeffery A.McGarvey Yanguo Ma frank M.Mitloehner Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceFoodborne Contaminants Research UnitAlbanyCAUSA Animal Science Department University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Effects of anaerobic digestion and aerobic treatment on the reduction of gaseous emissions from dairy manure storages were evaluated in this *** dairy manure containing 3.5%volatile solids(VS)was either anaerobically digested or aerobically treated prior to storage in air-tight *** digestion was carried out using a mesophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactor operated at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days and an organic loading rate(OLR)of 1 gVS/L/*** treatment was achieved using an aerobic reactor operated at a hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 10 days and an OLR of 2 gVS/(L·d).The treated manure was put into the storage on a daily basis for a period of 180 *** the gases produced during this period were captured and analyzed for methane,carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Untreated manure was stored and analyzed in the same way as the treated manure and used as a control for *** results show that low amounts of gases were produced during the first 84 days of storage in both treated and untreated manure,but increased significantly after this time *** generally expected positive impacts of anaerobic and aerobic treatment on the reductions of methane and VOCs were confirmed in this ***,the effects of anaerobic and aerobic treatment varied over the time of storage,especially for *** results of this study indicate that to achieve significant reductions in VOC emission the storage time of anaerobic digester or aerobic reactor effluent should be limited to no more than 100 days.

关键词： anaerobic digestion aerobic treatment methane volatile organic compounds dairy manure

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Macrophage-specific inhibition of the histone demethylase JMJD3 decreases STING and pathologic inflammation in diabetic wound repair

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第11期19卷 1251-1262页

作者： Christopher O.Audu william J.Melvin Amrita D.Joshi Sonya J.wolf Jadie Y.Moon frank M.davis Emily C.Barrett Kevin D.Mangum Hongping Deng Xianying Xing Rachel wasikowski Lam C.Tsoi Sriganesh B.Sharma Tyler M.Bauer James Shadiow Matthew A.Corriere Andrea TObi Steven LKunkel Benjamin Levi Bethany BMoore Johann EGudjonsson Andrew MSmith Katherine A.Gallagher Department of Surgery Section of Vascular SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Surgery Section of General SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Bioengineering University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Department of Dermatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

Macrophage plasticity is critical for normal tissue repair following *** pathologic states such as diabetes,macrophage plasticity is impaired,and macrophages remain in a persistent proinflammatory state;however,the reasons for this are ***,using single-cell RNA sequencing of human diabetic wounds,we identified increased JMJD3 in diabetic wound macrophages,resulting in increased inflammatory gene ***,we report that in wound healing,JMJD3 directs early macrophage-mediated inflammation via JAK1,3/STAT3 ***,in the diabetic state,we found that IL-6,a cytokine increased in diabetic wound tissue at later time points post-injury,regulates JMJD3 expression in diabetic wound macrophages via the JAK1,3/STAT3 pathway and that this late increase in JMJD3 induces NFκB-mediated inflammatory gene transcription in wound macrophages via an H3K27me3 ***,RNA sequencing of wound macrophages isolated from mice with JMJD3-deficient myeloid cells(Jmjd3f/fLyz2Cre+)identified that the STING gene(Tmem173)is regulated by JMJD3 in wound *** limits inflammatory cytokine production by wound macrophages during ***,in diabetic mice,its role changes to limit wound repair and enhance *** finding is important since STING is associated with chronic inflammation,and we found STING to be elevated in human and murine diabetic wound macrophages at late time ***,we demonstrate that macrophage-specific,nanoparticle inhibition of JMJD3 in diabetic wounds significantly improves diabetic wound repair by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and *** together,this work highlights the central role of JMJD3 in tissue repair and identifies cell-specific targeting as a viable therapeutic strategy for nonhealing diabetic wounds.

关键词： wound healing epigenetics diabetes JMJD3 STING

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Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Corn Silage

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第7期12卷 438-453页

作者： Yongjing Zhao Anthony S. wexler frank Hase Yuee Pan frank M. Mitloehner Air Quality Research Center University of California-Davis Davis USA Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Animal Science University of California-Davis Davis USA

Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from corn silage were observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser spectroscopy. In the first experiment, corn silage was produced using laboratory bucket silos. Air samples were collected from the bucket silos during the first week of ensiling and analyzed using a low-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer coupled with a long optical path length white Cell. The CO concentration in the bucket silo gas, derived from the FTIR spectra using the LINEFIT program, was as high as 48.0 ppm. In the second experiment, air samples were collected through a flux chamber from an Ag-Bag silage pile on a commercial dairy that was opened several months after ensiling. The Ag-Bag air samples were analyzed using a high-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer, and CO concentrations were retrieved to be 6.83 ppm, corresponding to an area emission rate of 33.7 mg/(hour ·m2). An LGR N2O/CO gas analyzer based on infrared laser spectroscopy was also used to measure the CO concentrations from the same flux chamber. Elevated CO concentrations were observed from these silage sources. The present study revealed that CO was emitted by corn silage during different phases of ensiling. Annual CO emissions from the corn silage were estimated to be much lower than those from the well-known emission categories in San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and California, but comparable to those from food and agricultural sources in the SJV. It is also confirmed that FTIR spectroscopy is a viable method for measuring CO concentrations in complex gas mixtures, such as silage gas.

关键词： Carbon Monoxide Corn Silage Ag-Bag Infrared FTIR LINEFIT

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Detecting Nitrous Oxide in Complex Mixtures Using FTIR Spectroscopy: Silage Gas

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第12期7卷 1719-1729页

作者： Yongjing Zhao Anthony S. wexler frank Hase Yuee Pan frank M. Mitloehner Air Quality Research Center University of California-Davis Davis USA Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Department of Animal Science University of California-Davis Davis USA

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas with about 300 times the global warming potential (GwP) of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is emitted from a wide range of sources and is responsible for about 6% of anthropogenic US greenhouse gas emissions. Analytical techniques are needed that can measure concentrations of N2O rapidly and inexpensively in sources that are also emitting other compounds that may interfere with the analytical process. In this work, we demonstrate the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze N2O in the complex mixture of gases produced during the early phase of the silage making process. Silage gas samples were collected into Tedlar bags from the bucket silos during the first week of corn ensiling. A bag of the silage gas was analyzed using a Bruker FTIR spectrometer coupled with a long optical path length white Cell. First, N2O infrared absorption bands were identified in the FTIR spectra of the silage gas by comparing them to both standard N2O gas and simulated infrared spectra which confirmed that N2O was present in the silage gas. Then, N2O concentration in the silage gas was derived from the FTIR spectra using LINEFIT program. It was demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy is a viable method for measuring N2O concentrations in the silage gas.

关键词： Corn Silage Nitrous Oxide FTIR LINEFIT

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烟碱去甲基化酶基因功能阻断是一种有效和实用的降低烟草去甲基烟碱水平的方法

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中国烟草科学 2009年第1期30卷 67-67页

作者： David Norman Marcos Lusso Greg davis frank Hart Mark Nielsen 任民美国无烟烟草公司(USSTC) 温切斯特美国肯塔基州40391

阻断烟草中去甲基烟碱的形成可以降低一种在烟叶调制过程中经亚硝化形成的TSNA——N’-亚硝基-去甲基烟碱（NNN）的含量。在之前的研究中，我们报道了烟碱去甲基化酶基因的发现及其使用GMO（转基因生物，RNAi干扰方法）和非GMO（诱变）... 详细信息

阻断烟草中去甲基烟碱的形成可以降低一种在烟叶调制过程中经亚硝化形成的TSNA——N’-亚硝基-去甲基烟碱（NNN）的含量。在之前的研究中，我们报道了烟碱去甲基化酶基因的发现及其使用GMO（转基因生物，RNAi干扰方法）和非GMO（诱变）策略降低烟碱去甲基酶活性。本研究报道了在高代和育成品系中这种策略的有效性和稳定性，并且描述了将RNAi和突变位点成功转入不同品种的育种过程和进展。在多重试验中实验材料种植在大田环境下，包括4代RNAi转基因系和相应的R2代雄性不育系副本。

关键词：烟碱基因功能甲基化酶烟草碱水 RNAi 转基因生物雄性不育系

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Simultaneous Detection of <i>Colletotrichum acutatum</i>and <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>from Quiescently Infected Strawberry Foliage by Real-Time PCR Based on High Resolution Melt Curve Analysis

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第3期10卷 382-401页

作者： Mahfuz Rahman Tofazzal Islam Rosemary Schwegel frank J. Louws Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh USA wVU Extension Service Morgantown USA davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and Design West Virginia University Morgantown USA Department of Biotechnology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh USA

Anthracnose of strawberry, caused primarily by the fungal pathogens belonging to Colletotrichum acutatum species complex (CASC) and C. gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC) is an economically important disease in the Southeast United States. Quiescently infected (QI) planting stock is one of the most important sources of inoculum in the fruiting field that can only be reliably detected by highly sensitive real time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assay. In this study, a q-PCR assay was developed and optimized that can discriminate anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) and anthracnose crown rot (ACR) causing species based on the difference in post PCR melting temperatures of amplicons. Controlled environment grown plants artificially inoculated with different levels of CASC and CGSC showed a significant (P 0.001) correlation with levels of quantification expressed by Ct values in q-PCR from petioles and leaf blades. The leaf blade was a significantly larger reservoir of QI than that of the petiole. Both TaqMan and SYBR Green assay showed similar sensitivity and specificity. Detection of QI on leaves at young middle and older stages from inoculation with same number of conidia indicated that middle aged leaves were the best for assessing QI. Quantification of QI from middle aged leaf samples from a strawberry fruiting field that has been planted with pre-inoculated plants at both ends of rows and let inoculum spread showed higher sensitivity and precision by q-PCR compared to that of a traditional paraquat assay. The assay developed and validated in this study offers a new tool for evaluating planting stocks for QI to make decision on preventative control for strawberry anthracnose.

关键词： Anthracnose q-PCR Quiescent Infection Disease Prevention Diagnostics

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