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Effects of aeration method and aeration rate on greenhouse gas emissions during composting of pig feces in pilot scale

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 124-132页

作者： Tao Jiang Guoxue Li Qiong Tang Xuguang Ma Gang Wang frank schuchardt College of Chemistry Leshan Normal College College of Resources and Environment Sciences China Agricultural University Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems EngineeringBundesallee 5038116 Braunschweig Germany

The aim of this study was to uncover ways to mitigate greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions and reduce energy consumption during the composting process. We assessed the effects of different aeration rates（0, 0.18, 0.36, and 0.54 L/（kg dry matter（dm）·min）） and methods（continuous and intermittent） on GHG emissions. Pig feces and corn stalks were mixed at a ratio of 7：1. The composting process lasted for 10 weeks, and the compost was turned approximately every 2 weeks. Results showed that both aeration rate and method significantly affected GHG emissions. Higher aeration rates increased NH3 and N2O losses,but reduced CH4 emissions. The exception is that the CH4 emission of the passive aeration treatment was lower than that of the low aeration rate treatment. Without forced aeration,the CH4 diffusion rates in the center of the piles were very low and part of the CH4 was oxidized in the surface layer. Intermittent aeration reduced NH3 and CH4 losses, but significantly increased N2 O production during the maturing periods. Intermittent aeration increased the nitrification/denitrification alternation and thus enhanced the N2 O production. Forced aeration treatments had higher GHG emission rates than the passive aeration treatment. Forced aeration accelerated the maturing process, but could not improve the quality of the end product. Compared with continuous aeration, intermittent aeration could increase the O2 supply efficiency and reduced the total GHG emission by 17.8%, and this reduction increased to 47.4% when composting was ended after 36 days.

关键词： Intermittent aeration Forced aeration Passive aeration Greenhouse gas Composting

Effect of phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide as additives on NH_3,N_2O and CH_4 emissions during composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1338-1345页

作者： Yiming Luo Guoxue Li Wenhai Luo frank schuchardt Tao Jiang Degang Xu College of Resource and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute College of Chemistry Leshan Normal University Research Institute of Safety and Environment Technology CNPC

A laboratory scale experiment of composting in a forced aeration system using pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to investigate the effects of both phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide （DCD, C2 H4 N4 ） as additives on gaseous emissions and compost quality. Besides a control, there were three amended treatments with different amounts of additives. The results indicated that the phosphogypsum addition at the rate of 10% of mixture dry weight decreased NH3 and CH4 emissions significantly during composting. The addition of DCD at the rate of 0.2% of mixture dry weight together with 10% of phosphogypsum further reduced the N20 emission by affecting the nitrification process. Reducing the phosphogypsum addition to 5% in the presence of 0.2% DCD moderately increased the NH3 emissions but not N20 emission. The additives increased the ammonium content and electrical conductivity significantly in the final compost. No adverse effect on organic matter degradation or the germination index of the compost was found in the amended treatments. It was recommended that phosphogypsum and DCD could be used in composting for the purpose of reducing NH3 , CH4 and N20 emissions.0ptimal conditions and dose of DCD additive during composting should be determined with different materials and composting systems in further study.

关键词： composting phosphogypsum dicyandiamide greenhouse gas pig manure

冬季堆肥中翻堆和覆盖对温室气体和氨气排放的影响

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农业工程学报 2011年第10期27卷 212-217页

作者：江滔 frank schuchardt 李国学乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院乐山614004 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 德国联邦农业科学院农业技术与生态系统工程研究所布伦瑞克39116

为明确冬季条垛堆肥过程中温室气体排放规律和主要影响因素,以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,研究了冬季条垛式堆肥过程中翻堆和覆盖作用对温室气体和氨气排放的影响。试验结果表明,在冬季堆肥高温期能维持2周以上,达到良好的卫生化效果;而在腐... 详细信息

为明确冬季条垛堆肥过程中温室气体排放规律和主要影响因素,以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,研究了冬季条垛式堆肥过程中翻堆和覆盖作用对温室气体和氨气排放的影响。试验结果表明,在冬季堆肥高温期能维持2周以上,达到良好的卫生化效果;而在腐熟期堆体温度迅速下降,微生物活性停滞,堆肥腐熟进程受抑制。初始总有机碳的0.14%～0.76%以CH4损失,NH3和N2O的挥发则分别占到了初始总氮的10.3%～29.5%和0.81%～3.93%。数据分析结果显示,翻堆能够显著减少堆肥化过程中N2O和CH4排放,但增加NH3的排放。覆盖能够减少NH3的挥发,增加甲烷的排放,对N2O排放的影响不显著。

关键词：温室气体堆肥翻堆氨气覆盖

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畜禽粪便固液分离技术特点及效率评估

农业工程学报 2016年第S2期32卷 218-225页

作者：江滔温志国马旭光杨娟陈茂霞 frank schuchardt 李国学乐山师范学院化学学院乐山614004 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 德国联邦农业科学院农业技术与生态系统工程研究所布伦瑞克38116

该文对常用畜禽粪便固液分离技术进行分析,评估出各分离技术的优缺点、适用对象、分离效果和性价比,为企业选择粪便固液分离设备提供参考。研究结果表明:重力分离技术成本最低,分离粒径小于1 mm的有机物效果最好,但分离后固相含水率过高... 详细信息

该文对常用畜禽粪便固液分离技术进行分析,评估出各分离技术的优缺点、适用对象、分离效果和性价比,为企业选择粪便固液分离设备提供参考。研究结果表明:重力分离技术成本最低,分离粒径小于1 mm的有机物效果最好,但分离后固相含水率过高(>90%),一般作为其他技术的预处理。筛分技术对于分离大粒径的有机颗粒物最有效,投资相对小,运行费用低;但对氮磷等营养元素分离效率较低,分离后的固相的含水率偏高,分离产物可用于固态发酵。压滤技术提高了磷元素的分离效率和固相含水率,但运营成本也增加,分离产物可用于有机肥生产。沉淀离心技术对去除细小颗粒最为有效,并能够去除氮磷元素,但运营成本太高,在中国推广难度大。絮凝剂能和大多数的分离技术结合使用从而提高分离效率。所有固液分离技术都不能分离畜禽粪便中的挥发性脂肪酸,因此也不能有效去除液相中的生化需氧量和臭味。多种分离技术的联合使用,在提高营养物质的分离效率的同时,降低固相的含水率将是未来技术发展的主要方向。

关键词：粪氮固液分离总固含物磷

“干清粪”系统猪粪快速堆肥过程中添加剂对甲烷、氧化亚氮和氨气排放的影响(英文)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2014年第4期15卷 353-364页

作者： Xiang-ping SUN Peng LU Tao JIANG frank schuchardt Guo-xue LI Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing Environmental Sanitation Design Science Research Institute College of Chemistry and Biology Leshan Normal University Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute

研究目的:在"干清粪"系统猪粪堆肥过程中,不同添加剂(玉米秸秆、锯末和蘑菇渣)处理对甲烷、氧化亚氮和氨气排放的影响。创新要点:将不同的添加剂(玉米秸秆、锯末和蘑菇渣)应用到快速堆肥系统中进行堆肥,测定了猪粪堆肥过程中甲烷、氧化... 详细信息

研究目的:在"干清粪"系统猪粪堆肥过程中,不同添加剂(玉米秸秆、锯末和蘑菇渣)处理对甲烷、氧化亚氮和氨气排放的影响。创新要点:将不同的添加剂(玉米秸秆、锯末和蘑菇渣)应用到快速堆肥系统中进行堆肥,测定了猪粪堆肥过程中甲烷、氧化亚氮和氨气的排放规律,为国内猪粪堆肥的应用提供理论指导。重要结论:玉米秸秆作为添加剂能增加猪粪堆肥过程中氧化亚氮的排放;蘑菇渣添加剂增加了堆肥过程中甲烷的排放,然而减少了氧化亚氮及氨气的排放;锯末处理能增加堆肥过程中氨气的排放。添加剂能显著影响堆肥过程中氮素的损失。

关键词：有机废弃物堆肥添加剂气体排放猪粪

过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用

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农业工程学报 2012年第22期28卷 235-242页

作者：罗一鸣李国学 frank schuchardt 王坤江滔罗文海中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 德国联邦农业科学院农业技术与生态系统工程研究所布伦瑞克38116 乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院乐山614004

为研究不同比例过磷酸钙添加剂对畜禽粪便高温堆肥氨挥发和温室气体减排的作用,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆为试验材料,以市售过磷酸钙肥料作为添加剂,在发酵仓中(单仓体积1.2m3)进行56d的好氧堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体和氨排放速率... 详细信息

为研究不同比例过磷酸钙添加剂对畜禽粪便高温堆肥氨挥发和温室气体减排的作用,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆为试验材料,以市售过磷酸钙肥料作为添加剂,在发酵仓中(单仓体积1.2m3)进行56d的好氧堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体和氨排放速率及堆体碳、氮损失率。结果表明:在初始物料中添加干质量3.3%～13.2%的过磷酸钙添加剂对减少堆体碳、氮损失,降低温室气体排放均有明显效果,但超过初始物料干质量的9.9%的过磷酸钙添加剂会对堆肥腐熟进程产生显著抑制作用;该试验中添加初始物料干质量3.3%～6.6%分别使堆肥56d的NH3、N2O和CH4排放量减少了24.1%～43.4%、22.2%～27.7%和22.4%～62.9%,总温室气体排放当量减少30%。猪粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中较适宜的过磷酸钙添加量是初始物料干质量的3.3%～6.6%。该文为过磷酸钙添加剂应用于实际堆肥工程提供理论依据。

关键词：堆肥温室气体粪便氨气过磷酸钙

葡萄枝条堆肥化过程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征

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果树学报 2005年第2期22卷 115-120页

作者：王引权 frank schuchardt 张仁陟盛芬玲曹孜义甘肃农业大学农学院兰州730070 德国联邦农业研究中心 fal不伦瑞克38116 甘肃农业大学资源环境学院兰州730070 兰州大学分析测试中心兰州730000

以葡萄枝条为原料,采用好氧静态堆肥箱法(体积为0.25 m3),分别在添加无机N素和不添加无机N素条件下进行为期122 d的堆肥实验,结合常规化学分析、感应耦合等离子体发射光谱分析(ICPAES)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析技术研究了其堆... 详细信息

以葡萄枝条为原料,采用好氧静态堆肥箱法(体积为0.25 m3),分别在添加无机N素和不添加无机N素条件下进行为期122 d的堆肥实验,结合常规化学分析、感应耦合等离子体发射光谱分析(ICPAES)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析技术研究了其堆肥化进程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征。结果表明:添加无机N素和不加无机N 素处理的材料最高温度分别在堆肥后3 d和4 d达到76℃和65℃,堆肥高温(≥50℃)持续时间分别为21 d和7 d。干物质变化明显分为初期(0-30 d)的快速分解阶段和中后期(30-122 d)的缓慢分解阶段,添加无机N素处理的分解速度快于不加无机N素的。全C、全N及C/N不断下降,但全N相对含量上升,以添加无机N素处理最为明显。在整个堆肥过程中,OH、CH3和CH2基化合物相对减少,CO基化合物相对增加,COO化合物以羧酸盐、PO化合物以磷酸盐的形式出现。标志着脂肪族化合物减少,芳香族化合物增加以及有机物发生了明显的矿化作用。添加无机N素比不加无机N素能更快地获得成熟稳定和富含作物所需营养的优质生态有机肥或土壤改良剂。

关键词：葡萄枝条堆肥生物化学物质转化傅里叶变换红外光谱

Phosphorus status, use and recycling in a Chinese peri-urban region with intensive animal husbandry and cropping systems Results from case study in a Sino-German applied research collaboration project

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第4期6卷 388-402页

作者： Marco ROELCKE Lisa HEIMANN Yong HOU Jianbin GUO Qiaoyun XUE Wei JIA Anne OSTERMANN Roxana Mendoza HUAITALLA Moritz ENGBERS Clemens OLBRICH Roland W.SCHOLZ Joachim CLEMENS frank schuchardt Rolf NIEDER Xuejun LIU Fusuo ZHANG Institute of Geoecology Technische Universitat Braunschweig38106 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Editorial Committee&Editorial Office of PEDOSPHERE Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China China Agricultural Science and Technology Press Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute for Crop and Soil Science Julius Kuhn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants38116 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Agricultural Engineering University of Hohenheim70599 Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research Leuphana University of Ltineburg21335 LiineburgGermany Department of Business Administration Economics and LawCarl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany Department for Knowledge and Communication Management Danube University Krems3500 KremsAustria SF-Soepenberg GmbH 46569 HiinxeGermany Institute of Agricultural Technology Johann Heinrich von Thiinen Institute(TI)-Federal Research Institute for Rural AreasForestry and Fisheries38116 BraunschweigGermany

The Sino-German research collaboration project,"Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China"(2008–2012),comprising different interdisciplinary research groups,and also German small and medium-sized enterprises,aimed at developing integrated strategies and solutions for the recycling of organic residues in *** an intensive crop-livestock agricultural region in the Shunyi District of Beijing,five typical cropping systems were *** research was conducted in the form of analyses of phosphorus(P)in soil,plants,animal feed,animal products,manures,mineral and organic fertilizers and the derivation of the corresponding nutrient balances and P *** mean annual P balance surplus was492 kg·ha–1·yr–1 P for the vegetable production system,significantly higher(P30 mg·kg–1)that can lead to increased risk of P loss was exceeded in all five cropping *** feed additives,the"natural background value"(Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils)of copper and zinc in topsoils was exceeded at several *** for several substances in the veterinary antibiotic classes of sulfonamides,tetracyclines,and fluoroquinolones revealed widespread topsoil *** livestock densities were 10.6 livestock units per ha arable land in *** husbandry is increasingly conducted in large operations,making traditional ways of reuse difficult to *** three management systems for treatment of organic

关键词： cropping systems life cycle assessment North China Plain balances and nutrient flows transdisciplinary approach

中药渣堆肥与化肥配合施用对当归产量与品质的影响

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甘肃中医学院学报 2012年第5期29卷 51-56页

作者：王引权 frank schuchardt 安培坤郭增祥陈晖樊秦王艳甘肃中医学院药学系 Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut(vTI) Federal Research Institute for Rural AreasForestry and FisheriesInstitute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems EngineeringBraunschweig 38116Germany 岷县中药材技术指导站甘肃中医学院公共课部

目的采用田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾等量条件下,中药渣堆肥与无机肥配合施用对当归产量和品质的影响。方法试验设6个处理,即:T1(不施肥)、T2(单施化肥,每公顷施N 90 kg、P2O590 kg、K2O 60 kg)、T3(每公顷施堆肥1 350 kg+86-84-52 N-P2O5-... 详细信息

目的采用田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾等量条件下,中药渣堆肥与无机肥配合施用对当归产量和品质的影响。方法试验设6个处理,即:T1(不施肥)、T2(单施化肥,每公顷施N 90 kg、P2O590 kg、K2O 60 kg)、T3(每公顷施堆肥1 350 kg+86-84-52 N-P2O5-K2O kg)、T4(每公顷施堆肥2 250 kg+83-81-47 N-P2O5-K2O kg)、T5(每公顷施堆肥3 150 kg+82-77-42 N-P2O5-K2O kg)及T6(每公顷单施堆肥4 500 kg,其N量等同T2)。结果单施中药渣堆肥能降低当归早期抽薹率,增强当归生长期净光合速率和蒸腾速率,提高当归阿魏酸和藁本内酯含量,比对照(T1)分别提高57.69%和1.78%;堆肥与化肥配合施用能促进生长后期当归根系的伸长及增粗,增加当归产量。结论综合考虑产量构成因素、品质指标及对化肥土壤环境的影响等因素,以T3(每公顷施用堆肥1 350 kg+86-84-52 N-P2O5-K2O kg)可作为岷县当归产区推荐施肥量。

关键词：当归中药渣堆肥有机无机肥配合产量品质