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Hepatic macr.phages in homeostasis and liver.diseases： fr.m pathogenesis to novel ther.peutic str.tegies

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Cellular.& Molecular.Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 316-327页

作者： Cynthia Ju frank Tacke Skaggs School of Phar.acy and Phar.aceutical Sciences and Integr.ted Immunology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora USA Depar.ment of Medicine iii UniversityHospital Aachen Aachen Germany

Macr.phages r.pr.sent a major.cell type of innate immunity and have emer.ed as a cr.tical player.and ther.peutic tar.et in many chr.nic inflammator. diseases. Hepatic macr.phages consist of Kupffer.cells, which ar. or.ginated fr.m the fetal yolk-sack, and infiltr.ted bone mar.ow-der.ved monocytes/macr.phages. Hepatic macr.phages play a centr.l r.le in maintaining homeostasis of the liver.and in the pathogenesis of liver.injur., making them an attr.ctive ther.peutic tar.et for.liver.diseases. However. the var.ous populations of hepatic macr.phages display differ.nt phenotypes and exer. distinct functions. Thus, mor. r.sear.h is r.quir.d to better.under.tand these cells to guide the development of macr.phage-based ther.peutic inter.entions. This r.view ar.icle will summar.ze the cur.ent knowledge on the or.gins and composition of hepatic macr.phages, their.functions in maintaining hepatic homeostasis, and their.involvement in both pr.moting and r.solving liver.inflammation, injur., and fibr.sis. Finally, the cur.ent str.tegies being developed to tar.et hepatic macr.phages for.the tr.atment of liver.diseases will be r.viewed.

关键词： macr.phage chemokine liver.fibr.sis monocyte micr.biome

Avian Community Density and Distr.bution Patter.s among nicar.guan Conventional and Or.anic Shade-Coffee Plantations

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 27-53页

作者： Wayne J. Ar.ndt r. Car. Tuckfield Juan Car.os Mar.ínez-Sánchez Jennifer.L. r.idy frank r. thomps.n iii Joseph M. Wunder.e Jr. José Manuel Zolotoff USDA For.st Ser.ice International Institute of Tropical Forestry Sabana Field Research Station Luquillo PR USA ECOSTATys LLC Aiken SC USA Fundación Cocibolca Managua Nicaragua Depar.ment of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Depar.ment of Fisher.es and Wildlife Sciences 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA nor.h Centr.l r.sear.h Station 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

We used a distance-sampling sur.ey method and multivar.ate statistics to obtain a unique estimate of bir. species density and seasonal var.ation in shade-coffee plantations. Our.aim was to deter.ine which cultivation pr.ctices among plantations contr.bute most to bir. abundance. We conducted avian species counts at 200 points distr.buted acr.ss 10 shade-coffee plantations bor.er.ng the lower.slopes of the Mombacho Volcano natur.l r.ser.e, in wester. nicar.gua. We measur.d vegetation str.ctur. (coffee plants and over.tor.). We used pr.ncipal components analysis (PCA) among 14 habitat var.ables to der.ve a single phyto-geoclimate summar. measur. (PGSM). We also used PCA to der.ve an avian abundance summar. measur. (AASM) fr.m thr.e bir. sur.ey var.ables, which pr.ved to be a good pr.dictor.of bir. density. We found higher.bir. species densities (AASM) in or.anic and tr.ditional polycultur. shade coffee plantations whose str.ctur.lly complex and diver.e over.tor. could be ver.fied by PGSM. However. this finding was tr.e only for.bir.s that wer. habitat specialists. Our.r.sults pr.vide fur.her.evidence for.pr.moting or.anic coffee cultivation pr.ctices that maintain a str.ctur.lly diver.e over.tor. and help r.tain avian species r.chness and abundance in coffee plantations.

关键词： Bir. Density Coffee Cultivation Pr.ctices Monocultur. Or.anic Polycultur. Spatial Distr.bution Species r.chness

Exper.mental study on dehydr.tion melting of natur.l biotite-plagioclase gneiss fr.m High Himalayas and implications for.Himalayan cr.st anatexis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 867-872页

作者： YAnG Xiaosong JIn Zhenmin Er.st Huenges frank r.Schilling Ber.d Wunder Faculty of Ear.h Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China GeoFor.chungsZentr.m PotsdamD-14473Germany

Her. we pr.sent the r.sults of dehydr.tion melting, melt mor.hology and fluid migr.tion based on the dehydr.tion melting exper.ments on natur.l bio-tite-plagioclase gneiss per.or.ed at the pr.ssur. of 1.0-1.4 GPa, and at the temper.tur. of 770-1028℃. Exper.mental r.sults demonstr.te that: (i) most of melt tends to be distr.buted along miner.l boundar.es for.ing 'melt film' even the amount of melt is less than 5 vol%; melt connectivity is contr.lled not only by melt topology but also by melt fr.ction; (ii) dehydr.tion melting involves a ser.es of subpr.cesses including subsoiidus dehydr.tion r.action, fluid migr.tion, vapor.pr.sent melting and vapor.absent melting; (iii) exper.ments pr.duce per.luminous gr.nitic melt whose composition is similar.to that of High Himalayan leucogr.nites (HHLG) and the r.sidual phase assemblage is Pl+Qz+ Gat+Bio+Opx±Cpx+IIm/r.t±Kfs and can be compar.ble with gr.nulites obser.ed in Himalayas. The exper.ments pr.vide the evidence that biotite-plagioclase gneiss is one of

关键词： gneiss dehydr.tion melting melt topology fluid migr.tion leucogr.nite gr.nulite Himalayas.

Inter.eukin-33 in the pathogenesis of liver.fibr.sis： alar.ing ILC2 and hepatic stellate cells

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Cellular.& Molecular.Immunology 2017年第2期14卷 143-145页

作者： r.lf Weiskir.hen frank Tacke Institute of Molecular.Pathobiochemistr. Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC) University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen D-52074 Germany Depar.ment of Medicine iii University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen D-52074 Germany

Inter.eukin-33 （IL-33）, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, has been implicated inthe pathogenesis of liver.fibr.sis for.quite some time. Indeed, IL-33 expr.ssion is upr.gulated in both human and mur.ne hepatic fibr.sis.1,2 To date, it is believed that IL-33 ser.es as an ‘alar.i’ r.leased by str.ssed hepatocytes. IL-33 then attr.cts type 2 innate lymphoid cells （ILC）, which tr.gger.the pr.fibr.genic activation of hepatic stellate cells via mediator. such as IL-13.

关键词： IL-33 ST2 PATHWAY MICE

Thymoma： cur.ent diagnosis and tr.atment

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Chinese Medical Jour.al 2013年第11期126卷 2186-2191页

作者： frank C. Detter.eck Ahmad Zeeshan Section of Thor.cic Sur.er. Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT USA Section of Car.iothor.cic Sur.er. Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT USA

Objective To r.view the pr.sentation, diagnosis, staging and tr.atment of thymoma. Data sour.es Data wer. obtained fr.m paper. on thymoma published in English within the last 30 year.. no for.al systematic r.view was conducted, but an effor. was made to be compr.hensive. Study selection Studies wer. selected if they contained data r.levant to the topic addr.ssed in the par.icular.section. In par.icular. standar.s adopted by the Inter.ational Thymic Malignancies Inter.st Gr.up thr.ugh a for.al pr.cess of achieving wor.dwide consensus ar. featur.d. Because of the limited length of this ar.icle, we have fr.quently r.fer.nced r.cent r.views that contain a compr.hensive amalgamation of liter.tur. r.ther.than the actual sour.e paper.. r.sults Thymomas ar. r.r. malignant tumor.. They account for.about half （47%） of anter.or.mediastinal tumor.. About one thir. of these ar. associated with myasthenia gr.vis. Computed tomogr.phy with intr.venous contr.st is the standar. diagnostic modality. Thymomas appear.as r.und or.oval masses in ear.y stages but ir.egular.shapes with calcifications occur.ing in later.stages. They can invade sur.ounding str.ctur.s including mediastinal fat, pleur., major.blood vessels and ner.es. Fine needle aspir.tion, cor. needle biopsy or.open biopsy is used to obtain tissue diagnosis. Masaoka-Koga classification is cur.ently used to stage thymomas. All thymomas should be consider.d for.r.section due to their.malignant potential. A complete r.section is a major.pr.gnostic factor.and ever. effor. should be made to achieve this even if this means r.section and r.constr.ction of a major.thor.cic str.ctur.. Median ster.otomy is the standar. appr.ach for.thymoma r.section. A number.of minimally invasive techniques ar. used in selective center.. While stage I and II tumor. under.o pr.mar. sur.er., pr.oper.tive chemother.py appear. to incr.ase the chances of complete r.section for.stage iii and IVa tumor.. Postoper.tive r.diation could be consider.d for.patien

关键词： thymoma myasthenia gr.vis mediastinum Masaoka-Koga classification

Habitat differ.nces in dung beetle assemblages in an Afr.can savanna–for.st ecotone:implications for.secondar. seed disper.al

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Integr.tive Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 81-96页

作者： Br.tta K.KUnZ frank-Thor.ten Kr.LL Depar.ment of Animal Ecology and Tr.pical Biology Theodor-Boveri Institute of BiosciencesWürzburgGermany Depar.ment of Zoology Denver Museum of Nature&ScienceDenverColoradoUSA

The pr.bability and patter. of secondar. seed disper.al by dung beetles(Scar.baeinae)depend on their.community str.ctur. and composition at the site of pr.mar. deposition,which,in tur.,seem to be str.ngly deter.ined by ***,we expected pr.nounced differ.nces in secondar. seed disper.al between for.st and savanna in the nor.her. Ivor. Coast,West *** found 99 dung beetle species at exper.mentally exposed dung piles of the olive baboon(Papio anubis(Lesson,1827)),an impor.ant pr.mar. seed disper.er.in West ***-six species belonged to the r.ller.and tunneler.guilds,which ar. r.levant for.secondar. seed *** species showed a clear.habitat *** to the neotr.pics,species number.and abundance wer. much higher.in the savanna than in the *** and tunneler. each accounted for.appr.ximately 50%of the individuals in the savanna,but in the for.st r.ller. made up only 4%.Seeds deposited into the savanna by an omnivor.us pr.mar. disper.er.gener.lly have a higher.over.ll pr.bability of being mor. r.pidly disper.ed secondar.ly by dung beetles than seeds in the ***,r.ller. disper.e seeds over.lar.er.*** contr.st to other.studies,small r.ller. wer. active in disper.al of lar.e seeds,which wer. seemingly mistaken for.dung *** r.sults suggest that r.ller. can r.move seeds fr.m any plant disper.ed in pr.mate dung in this ecosystem.

关键词： Afr.ca baboon defecations guild differ.nces Scar.baeidae secondar. seed disper.al.

Lessons Lear.ed fr.m Thr.e Differ.nt Acellular.Der.al Matr.ces in Dir.ct-to-Implant Br.ast r.constr.ction

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Moder. Plastic Sur.er. 2021年第1期11卷 22-35页

作者： Claas Spengler.r.land Mett frank Masber. Peter.M. Vogt Tobias r. Mett Depar.ment of Plastic Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery HELIOS Klinik Schwerin Schwerin Germany Depar.ment of Plastic Aesthetic Hand and Reconstructive Surgery Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany

The aim of the study was to show significant differ.nces r.gar.ing postoper.tive complications and outcomes using thr.e differ.nt Acellular.Der.al Matr.ces (ADM), namely Epiflex®n>, Str.ttice®n> and Br.xon®n>, in immediate implant-based subpector.l br.ast r.constr.ction cases. r.ng>Backgr.und:r.ng> The use of Acellular.Der.al Matr.ces for.implant-based br.ast r.constr.ction cases continues to evolve. Ther. is a wide var.ety of pr.ducts which differ.significantly in their.biological featur.s. It r.mains unclear.if and how these differ.nces manifest in clinical pr.ctice. r.ng>Methods:r.ng> 82 cases of pr.mar. br.ast r.constr.ction in the Depar.ment of Plastic and Aesthetic Sur.er. of HELIOS Clinics Schwer.n, Ger.any between 2010 and 2018 wer. analyzed. 25 patients r.ceived Str.ttice®n> acellular.der.al matr.x (SADM), 22 cases Epiflex®n> acellular.der.al matr.x (EADM) and the r.maining 35 cases Br.xon®n> acellular.der.al matr.x (BADM). The mean follow-up was 1.8 year.. Cases wer. analyzed r.gar.ing minor.or.major.complications and r.te of capsular.contr.ctur. gr.de iii or.IV (Baker.Classification). r.ng>r.sults:r.ng> The over.ll complication r.te was 34.1% for.all gr.ups (SADM = 40%, EADM = 50%, BADM = 20%, p-value = 0.051). Of all cases, 6 patients under.ent implant exchange or.secondar. autologous r.constr.ction due to capsular.contr.ctur. (7.3%). The mean time between r.vision due

关键词： Br.ast r.constr.ction Acellular.Der.al Matr.x ADM Dir.ct-to-Implant DTI Immediate Br.ast r.constr.ction IBr Br.ast Cancer Skin Spar.ng Mastectomy EPIFLEX Str.ttice Br.XOn

Cholester.l cr.stal binding of biliar. immunoglobulin A: visualization by fluor.scence light micr.scopy

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2001年第2期7卷 198-202页

作者： frank Lammer. Stefan Südfeld nor.er. Busch Siegfr.ed Mater. Depar.ment of Medicine iii University of Technology (RWTH) AachenGermany

AIM: To assess potential contr.butions of biliar. IgA for.cr.stal agglomer.tion into gallstones, we visualized cholester.l cr.stal binding of biliar. IgA. METHODS: Cr.stal binding biliar. pr.teins wer. extr.cted fr.m human gallbladder.bile using lectin affinity *** IgA was isolated fr.m the bound pr.tein fr.ction by immunoaffinity chr.matogr.phy. Pur. cholester.l monohydr.te cr.stals wer. incubated with biliar. IgA and fluor.sceine isothiocyanate (FITC)conjugated anti IgA at 37 degr.e. Samples wer. examined under.polar.zing and fluor.scence light micr.scopy with digital image pr.cessing. r.SULTS: Binding of biliar. IgA to cholester.l monohydr.te cr.stals could be visualized with FITC conjugated anti IgA *** fluor.scence occur.ed at cr.stal edges and dislocations. Contr.ls without biliar. IgA or.with biliar. IgG showed no significant fluor.scence. COnCLUSIOn: Fluor.scence light micr.scopy pr.vided evidence for.cholester.l cr.stal binding of biliar. IgA. Cholester.l cr.stal binding pr.teins like IgA might be impor.ant mediator. of cr.stal agglomer.tion and gr.wth of cholester.l gallstones by modifying the evolving cr.stal str.ctur.s in vivo.

关键词： Cr.stallization Bile Cholelithiasis Cholester.l Chr.matogr.phy, Affinity Fluor.scent Antibody Technique Humans Image Pr.cessing, Computer.Assisted Immunoglobulin A, Secr.tor. Micr.scopy, Fluor.scence r.sear.h Suppor., non-U.S. Gov't

IL-10 polymor.hism is associated with incr.ased incidence of sever. sepsis

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Chinese Medical Jour.al 2003年第11期116卷 1756-1759页

作者：舒强方向明陈齐兴 frank Stuber Depar.ment of Car.iovascular.Sur.er. Children's Hospital Medical College of Zhejiang University 310016 Hangzhou China Depar.ment of Anaesthesiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Medical College of Zhejiang University 310016 Hangzhou China Depar.ment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Car. Medicine University of Bonn Germany

Objective To investigate whether.thr.e biallelic polymor.hisms at positions -592, -819 and -1082 in the pr.moter.r.gion of the IL-10 gene ar. associated with incr.ased incidence of sever. sepsis.Methods The IL-10 -592, -819 and -1082 polymor.hisms wer. typed using polymer.se chain r.action followed by digestion with the r.str.ction enzymes r.a I , Mae iii and Mnl | , r.spectively.r.sults Patients with sever. sepsis wer. mor. likely to have IL-10 -1082 allele 1, compar.d with contr.ls (Pnotype distr.bution of the IL-10 -1082 polymor.hism significantly differ.d between patients and contr.ls (Pr. the allele fr.quencies and genotype distr.bution of the IL-10 -1082 polymor.hism did not differ.between sur.iving and dead patients (P>0. 05). no significant differ.nces in the genotype distr.bution and allele fr.quencies of the IL-10 -592 and IL-10 -819 polymor.hisms wer. obser.ed between patients with sever. sepsis and heathy contr.ls, nor.between sur.iving and dead patients (P> 0. 05).Conclusions The polymor.hism at position -1082 in the pr.moter.r.gion of the IL-10 gene may be associated with susceptibility to sever. sepsis. In constr.st, the other.two highly linked IL-10 polymor.hisms ar. not associated with incidence or.the outcome of sever. sepsis.

关键词： inter.eukin-10 ·polymor.hism · sepsis