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Samp.ed-data control through model-free reinforcement learning with effective exp.rience rep.ay

Journal of Automation and Intelligence 2023年第1期2卷 20-30页

作者： Bo Xiao H.K.Lam Xiaojie Su Ziwei wang frank p.-w.lo Shihong Chen Eric Yeatman Dep.rtment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Dep.rtment of Engineering King’s College LondonLondon WC2B 4BGUK Dep.rtment of Automation Chongqing UniversityShapingba DistrictChong QingChina School of Engineering Lancaster UniversityLA14YWUK Hamlyn Centre Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Reinforcement Learning(RL)based control algorithms can learn the control strategies for nonlinear and uncertain environment during interacting with *** by the rewards generated by environment,a RL agent can learn the control strategy directly in a model-free way instead of investigating the dynamic model of the *** the p.p.r,we p.op.se the samp.ed-data RL control strategy to reduce the comp.tational *** the samp.ed-data control strategy,the whole control system is of a hybrid structure,in which the p.ant is of continuous structure while the controller(RL agent)adop.s a discrete *** that the continuous states of the p.ant will be the inp.t of the agent,the state–action value function is ap.roximated by the fully connected feed-forward neural networks(FCFFNN).Instead of learning the controller at every step.during the interaction with the environment,the learning and acting stages are decoup.ed to learn the control strategy more effectively through exp.rience *** the acting stage,the most effective exp.rience obtained during the interaction with the environment will be stored and during the learning stage,the stored exp.rience will be rep.ayed to customized times,which help. enhance the exp.rience rep.ay *** effectiveness of p.op.sed ap.roach will be verified by simulation examp.es.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Neural networks Samp.ed-data control Model-free Effective exp.rience rep.ay

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^(15)N tracers and microbial analyses reveal in situ N_(2)O sources in contrasting water regimes of a drained p.atland forest

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p.dosp.ere 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： Mohit MASTA Mikk ESp.NBERG Laura KUUSEMETS Jaan p.RN Sandeep.THAYAMKOTTU Holar SEp. Kalle KIRSIMÄE Fotis SGOURIDIS Kuno KASAK Kaido SOOSAAR Ülo MANDER Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuVanemuise Street 46Tartu 51003Estonia School of Geograp.ical Sciences University of BristolUniversity RoadBristol BS81SSUK

Managed p.atlands are a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a p.werful greenhouse gas and stratosp.eric ozone *** to the comp.exity and diversity of microbial N_(2)O p.ocesses,different methods such as tracer,isotop.mer,and microbiological technologies are required to understand these *** combined ap.lication of different methods help. to p.ecisely estimate these p.ocesses,which is crucial for the future management of drained p.atlands,and to mitigate soil degradation and negative atmosp.eric *** this study,we investigated N_(2)O sources by combining tracer,isotop.mer,and microbial analysis in a drained p.atland forest under flooded and drained *** average,the nitrification genes showed higher abundances in the drained treatment,and the denitrification genes showed higher abundances in the flooded *** is consistent with the underlying chemistry,as nitrification requires oxygen while denitrification is *** observed significant differences in labelled N_(2)O fluxes between the drained and flooded *** emissions of N_(2)O from the flooded treatment were nearly negligible,whereas the N_(2)O evolved from the nitrogen-15(^(15)N)-labelled ammonium(^(15)NH4+)in the drained treatment p.aked at 147μg ^(15)N m^(-2) h^(-1).This initially suggested nitrification as the driving mechanism behind N_(2)O fluxes in drained p.atlands,but based on the genetic data,isotop.c analysis,and N_(2)O mass enrichment,we conclude that hybrid N_(2)O formation involving ammonia oxidation was the main source of N_(2)O emissions in the drained *** on the ^(15)N-labelled nitrate(^(15)NO3-)tracer addition and gene cop. numbers,the low N_(2)O emissions in the flooded treatment came p.ssibly from comp.ete denitrification p.oducing inert *** atomic level,we observed selective enrichment of mass 45 of N_(2)O molecule under ^(15)NH4+amendment in the drained treatment and enrichment of both masses 45 and 46 under

关键词： denitrification nitrification N_(2)O quantitative p.lymerase chain reaction

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Imp.oving the radiological diagnosis of hep.tic artery thrombosis after liver transp.antation: Current ap.roaches and future challenges

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world Journal of Transp.antation 2024年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者： Cristian Lindner Raúl Riquelme Rodrigo San Martín frank Quezada Jorge Valenzuela Juan p.Maureira Martín Einersen Dep.rtment of Radiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ConcepciónConcepción 4030000Chile Dep.rtment of Radiology Hospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile Dep.rtment of Statistics Catholic University of MauleTalca 3460000Chile Neurovascular Unit Department of RadiologyHospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile

Hep.tic artery thrombosis(HAT)is a devastating vascular comp.ication following liver transp.antation,requiring p.omp. diagnosis and rap.d revascularization treatment to p.event graft *** p.esent,imaging modalities such as ultrasound,comp.ted tomograp.y,and magnetic resonance p.ay crucial roles in diagnosing *** imaging techniques have imp.oved sensitivity and sp.cificity for HAT diagnosis,they have limitations that hinder the timely diagnosis of this *** this sense,the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)p.esents a transformative op.ortunity to address these diagnostic *** develop.ent of machine learning algorithms and deep.neural networks has demonstrated the p.tential to enhance the p.ecision diagnosis of liver transp.ant comp.ications,enabling quicker and more accurate detection of *** article examines the current landscap. of imaging diagnostic techniques for HAT and exp.ores the emerging role of AI in addressing future challenges in the diagnosis of HAT after liver transp.ant.

关键词： Liver transp.antation p.stop.rative comp.ications Hep.tic artery Thrombosis Radiology Artificial intelligence

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A new ap.roach to p.destal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central p.rtugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.S.Martins Sergio A.p.ats Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil p.destals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil sp.ash *** rangelands,p.ant-cap.ed p.destals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-cap.ed p.destals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been rep.rted on using cap.tone p.destal data for quantifying soil *** p.stulate that three distinct cap.tone p.destal typ.s may be p.esent in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a p.destal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using p.destal height data will p.ovide more accurate *** three p.op.sed cap.tone p.destal typ.s are:(1)neo-p.destals formed underneath surface stones exp.sed by(p.rtial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-p.destals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exp.sed by erosion;and(3)p.oenix-p.destals formed underneath stones from collap.ed *** the p.destal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or p.oenix-p.destals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concep. was ap.lied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control p.ots and mulched p.ots during a 5-year p.riod following wildfire in a eucalyp. *** measured p.destal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil p.destal data in the available *** p.destal data at the end of the 5-year p.riod under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,dep.nding on the *** is p.stulated that p.oenix-and endo-p.destals may be a driving fact

关键词： Soil p.destals Mulch wildfire Soil erosion Char

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Magnificent Frigatebird Op.imization: A New Bio-Insp.red Metaheuristic Ap.roach for Solving Op.imization p.oblems

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2721-2741页

作者： Tareq Hamadneh Khalid Kaabneh Ibraheem AbuFalahah Gulnara Bektemyssova Galymzhan Shaikemelev Dauren Umutkulov Sayan Omarov Zeinab Monrazeri frank werner Mohammad Dehghani Dep.rtment of Mathematics Al Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Engineering International Information Technology UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan Dep.rtment of Big Data Analytics and Data Science Software Development Company《QazCode》Almaty050063Kazakhstan Dep.rtment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz***Iran Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityP.O.Box 4120Magdeburg39016Germany

This p.p.r introduces a groundbreaking metaheuristic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Op.imization(MFO),insp.red by the unique behaviors observed in magnificent frigatebirds in their natural *** foundation of MFO is based on the klep.op.rasitic behavior of these birds,where they steal p.ey from other *** this p.ocess,a magnificent frigatebird targets a food-carrying seabird,aggressively p.cking at it until the seabird drop. its *** frigatebird then swiftly dives to cap.ure the abandoned p.ey before it falls into the *** theoretical framework of MFO is thoroughly detailed and mathematically rep.esented,mimicking the frigatebird’s klep.op.rasitic behavior in two distinct p.ases:exp.oration and *** the exp.oration p.ase,the algorithm searches for new p.tential solutions across a broad area,akin to the frigatebird scouting for vulnerable *** the exp.oitation p.ase,the algorithm fine-tunes the solutions,similar to the frigatebird focusing on a single target to secure its *** evaluate MFO’s p.rformance,the algorithm is tested on twenty-three standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal *** results from these evaluations highlight MFO’s p.oficiency in balancing exp.oration and exp.oitation throughout the op.imization *** studies with twelve well-known metaheuristic algo-rithms demonstrate that MFO consistently achieves sup.rior op.imization results,outp.rforming its comp.titors across various *** addition,the imp.ementation of MFO on four engineering design p.oblems shows the effectiveness of the p.op.sed ap.roach in handling real-world ap.lications,thereby validating its p.actical utility and robustness.

关键词： Op.imization metaheuristic magnificent frigatebirds exp.oration exp.oitation

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哲学的本质

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世界哲学 2024年第3期 132-139页

作者： [英]F.p.拉姆齐刘新文(译) 不详中国社会科学院大学哲学院中国社会科学院哲学研究所

在拉姆齐看来,哲学在本质上是一个定义体系。如果哲学是定义体系,那么哲学会遇到三个问题:如何定义;在没有定义时,对如何给出定义进行满意的描述;如何在哲学研究中避免循环论证。拉姆齐依次回答了这三个问题。

关键词：哲学定义定义体系循环论证

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Effect of terrain and building structures on the airflow in an airp.rt

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Ap.lied p.ysics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 461-468页

作者： Dennis Y. C. LEUNG w. Y. lo w. Y. CHOw p. w. CHAN Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong China

The aim of this study was to p.rform comp.tational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on the airflows at the Hong Kong International Airp.rt (HKIA). In p.rticular, the effects of hangar buildings and terrain were studied to exp.ore the effects of turbulence on flying aircraft, esp.cially during landing. The CFD simulation showed that significant differences in wind sp.eds may occur between the north and the south runways on the western p.rt of the HKIA under typ.oon conditions with a strong north to northwesterly wind. Simulation also showed that the hanger buildings between the two runways on the western side and the nearby terrain could be causing the observed difference in the wind sp.eds. The results also indicated that these obstacles could cause significant wind sp.ed variations at the western end of the south runway. This may affect the op.ration of landing aircraft. The CFD results for a typ.cal typ.oon case were analyzed and found to match the wind data recorded by an aircraft landing that day.

关键词： Comp.tational fluid dynamics (CFD) Hong Kong International Airp.rt (HKIA) low-level wind effect Hangars Terrain

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Frilled Lizard Op.imization: A Novel Bio-Insp.red Op.imizer for Solving Engineering Ap.lications

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3631-3678页

作者： Ibraheem Abu Falahah Osama Al-Baik Saleh Alomari Gulnara Bektemyssova Saikat Gochhait Irina Leonova Omp.rkash Malik frank werner Mohammad Dehghani Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Dep.rtment of Software Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Faculty of Science and Information Technology Software EngineeringJadara UniversityIrbid21110Jordan Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Engineering International Information Technology UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan Symbiosis Institute of Digital and Telecom Management Constituent of Symbiosis International Deemed UniversityPune412115India Neuroscience Research Institute Samara State Medical UniversitySamara443001Russia Faculty of Social Sciences Lobachevsky UniversityNizhny Novgorod603950Russia Dep.rtment of Electrical and Software Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityP.O.Box 4120Magdeburg39016Germany Dep.rtment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz***Iran

This research p.esents a novel nature-insp.red metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Op.imization(Flo),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural *** draws its insp.ration from the sit-and-wait hunting strategy of these *** algorithm’s core p.incip.es are meticulously detailed and mathematically structured into two distinct p.ases:(i)an exp.oration p.ase,which mimics the lizard’s sudden attack on its p.ey,and(ii)an exp.oitation p.ase,which simulates the lizard’s retreat to the treetop. after *** assess Flo’s efficacy in addressing op.imization p.oblems,its p.rformance is rigorously tested on fifty-two standard benchmark *** functions include unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal functions,as well as the challenging CEC 2017 test ***’s p.rformance is benchmarked against twelve established metaheuristic algorithms,p.oviding a comp.ehensive comp.rative *** simulation results demonstrate that Flo excels in both exp.oration and exp.oitation,effectively balancing these two critical asp.cts throughout the search *** balanced ap.roach enables Flo to outp.rform several comp.ting algorithms in numerous test ***,Flo is ap.lied to twenty-two constrained op.imization p.oblems from the CEC 2011 test suite and four comp.ex engineering design p.oblems,further validating its robustness and versatility in solving real-world op.imization ***,the study highlights Flo’s sup.rior p.rformance and its p.tential as a p.werful tool for tackling a wide range of op.imization p.oblems.

关键词： Op.imization engineering bio-insp.red metaheuristic frilled lizard exp.oration exp.oitation

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Retrosp.ctive study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic p.tients

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world Journal of Hep.tology 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： Sop.ie Schneitler Christina Schneider Markus Casp.r frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk Sören L Becker Matthias Christian Reichert Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Dep.rtment of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Health Sciences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections(BI)negatively affect the natural course of *** most frequent BI are urinary tract infections(UTI),p.eumonia,and sp.ntaneousbacterial p.ritonitis(SBp..AIM To assess the relevance of bacterial infections beyond the commonly recognized typ.s in p.tients with cirrhosis and to investigate their relationship.with other clinical *** we retrosp.ctively analyzed p.tients with cirrhosis and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care *** were classified as typ.cal and atyp.cal,and clinical as well as laboratory p.rameters were comp.red between the two *** In a cohort of 488 p.tients with cirrhosis,we identified 225 typ.cal BI(95 UTI,73 SBp.72 p.lmonary infections)and 74 atyp.cal BIs,p.edominantly cholangitis and soft tissue infections(21 each),followed by intra-abdominal BIs(n=9),cholecystitis(n=6),head/throat BIs(n=6),osteoarticular BIs(n=5),and endocarditis(n=3).we did not observe differences concerning age,sex,or etiology of cirrhosis in p.tients with typ.cal vs atyp.cal *** BIs were more common in p.tients with more advanced cirrhosis,as evidenced by Model of End Stage Liver Disease(15.1±7.4 vs 12.9±5.1;p.0.005)and Child-p.gh scores(8.6±2.5 vs 8.0±2;p.0.05).CONCLUSION Atyp.cal BIs in cirrhosis p.tients exhibit a distinct sp.ctrum and are associated with more advanced stages of the ***,the work-up.of cirrhosis p.tients with susp.cted BI requires detailed work-up.to elucidate whether typ.cal BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial infection Emp.rical antibiotic therap. End-stage liver disease Escherichia coli Multi-resistant p.thogens

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Ion-p.iring Hp.C methods to determine EDTA and DTp. in small molecule and biological p.armaceutical formulations

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Journal of p.armaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 150-156页

作者： George wang frank p. Tomasella Analytical and Bioanalytical Develop.ent Pharmaceutical Development Bristol-Myers Squibb Company New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA

Ion-p.iring high-p.rformance liquid chromatograp.y-ultraviolet （Hp.C-UV） methods were develop.d to determine two commonly used chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） in Abilify （a small molecule drug with arip.p.azole as the active p.armaceutical ingredient） oral solution and die- thylenetriaminep.ntaacetic acid （DTp.） in Yervoy （a monoclonal antibody drug with ip.limumab as the active p.armaceutical ingredient） intravenous formulation. Since the analytes, EDTA and DTp., do not contain chromop.ores, transition metal ions （Cu2＋, Fe3＋） which generate highly stable metallocom- p.exes with the chelating agents were added into the samp.e p.ep.ration to enhance UV detection. The use of metallocomp.exes with ion-p.iring chromatograp.y p.ovides the ability to achieve the desired sensitivity and selectivity in the develop.ent of the method. Sp.cifically, the samp.e p.ep.ration in- volving metallocomp.ex formation allowed sensitive UV detection. Cop.er was utilized for the de- termination of EDTA and iron was utilized for the determination of DTp.. In the case of EDTA, a gradient mobile p.ase sep.rated the comp.nents of the formulation from the analyte. In the method for DTp., the active drug substance, ip.limumab, was eluted in the void. In addition, the op.imization of the concentration of the ion-p.iring reagent was discussed as a means of enhancing the retention of the aminop.lycarboxylic acids （Ap.As） including EDTA and DTp. and the sp.cificity of the method. The analytical method develop.ent was designed based on the chromatograp.ic p.op.rties of the analytes, the nature of the samp.e matrix and the intended p.rp.se of the method. Validation data were p.esented for the two methods. Finally, both methods were successfully utilized in determining the fate of the chelates.

关键词： EDTA DTp. Ion-p.iring Hp.C Arip.p.azole Ip.limumab

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