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One stop shop:backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera:Ⅰ(2014)

Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期67卷 21-125页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde R.Henrik nilsson S.Aisyah Alias Hiran A.Ariyawansa Jaime E.Blair Lei Cai Arthur W.A.M.de Cock Asha J.Dissanayake Sally L.Glockling Ishani D.Goonasekara Michal Gorczak Matthias Hahn Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jan A.L.van Kan Matthew H.Laurence C.AndréLévesque Xinghong Li Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.n.Maharachchikumbura Dimuthu S.Manamgoda frank n.martin Eric H.C.McKenzie Alistair R.McTaggart Peter E.Mortimer Prakash V.R.nair Julia Pawlowska Tara L.Rintoul Roger G.Shivas Christoffel F.J.Spies Brett A.Summerell Paul W.J.Taylor Razak B.Terhem Dhanushka Udayanga niloofar Vaghefi Grit Walther Mateusz Wilk Marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu JiYe Yan nan Zhou Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia NodeHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and Microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GöteborgSweden Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences(IOES) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology Franklin&Marshall CollegeLancasterPAUSA State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 People’s Republic of China CBS-KnAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionNo.9 of ShuguanghuayuanzhongluHaidian DistrictBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China 135 Brodrick Road Eastbourne BN229RAEast SussexUK Department of Plant Systematics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478WarsawPoland Department of Biology TU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrodinger-StraBe67663 KaiserslauternGermany Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Mrs Macquaries RdSydneyNew South Wales 2000Australia Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Central Experimental FarmOttawaONCanada United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA Landcare Research Private Bag92170 AucklandNew Zealand Department of Agriculture Fisheries and ForestryEcosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland 4102Australia Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of

Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and *** are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/*** identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these ***(DnA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical *** facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic *** laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also *** hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data *** of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future ***,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,Mucor,neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Endophytes Mucormycotina Molecular identification Oomycota Plant pathogens Protozoa

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Spatio-temporal evolution of Allium L. in the Qinghaie-Tibet-Plateau region: Immigration and in situ radiation

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Plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 167-179页

作者： frank Hauenschild Adrien Favre Jan Schnitzler Ingo Michalak martin Freiberg Alexandra n. Muellner-Riehl Leipzig University Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ) Johannisallee 21-23 04103 Leipzig Germany Leipzig University Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research Johannisallee 21-23 04103 Leipzig Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDly) Halle-lena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany

A plethora of studies investigating the origin and evolution of diverse mountain taxa has assumed a causal link between geological processes （orogenesis） and a biological response （diversification）. Yet, a substantial delay （up to 30 Myr） between the start of orogenesis and diversification is often observed. Evolutionary biologists should therefore identify alternative drivers of diversification and maintenance of biodiversity in mountain systems. Using phylogenetic, biogeographic, and diversification rate analyses, we could identify two independent processes that most likely explain the diversity of the widespread genus Allium in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） region：（1） While the QTP-related taxa of the subgenus Melanocrommyum diversified in situ, （2） QTP-related taxa of other subgenera migrated into the QTP from multiple source areas. Furthermore, shifts in diversification rates within Allium could not be attributed spatially and temporally to the uplift history of the QTP region. Instead, global cooling and climate oscillations in the Quaternary were major contributors to increased speciation rates in three clades of AUium. Our study therefore adds to the growing evidence supporting the ＂mountain-geo-biodiversity hypothesis＂, which highlights the role of climate oscillations for the diversification of mountain organisms.

关键词： Allium Evolution Hengduan mountains Historical biogeography Molecular dating Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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numericalMethods for Balance Laws with Space Dependent Flux:Application to Radiotherapy Dose Calculation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第10期10卷 1184-1210页

作者： Christophe Berthon.martin frank Celine Sarazin Rodolphe Turpault Universite de nantes Laboratoire de Mathematiques Jean LerayUMR66292 rue de la HoussiniereBP 9220844322 Nantes Cedex 3France RWTH Aachen University MathematicsCenter for Computational Engineering ScienceSchinkelstrasse 252062 AachenGermany

The present work is concerned with the derivation of numerical methods to approximate the radiation dose in external beam *** address this issue,we consider a moment approximation of radiative transfer,closed by an entropy minimization *** model under consideration is governed by a system of hyperbolic equations in conservation form supplemented by source *** main difficulty coming from the numerical approximation of this system is an explicit space dependence in the flux ***,this dependence will be seen to be stiff and specific numerical strategiesmust be derived in order to obtain the needed accuracy.A first approach is developed considering the 1D case,where a judicious change of variables allows to eliminate the space dependence in the flux *** is not possible in *** therefore reinterpret the 1D scheme as a scheme on two meshes,and generalize this to 2D by alternating transformations between separate *** call this procedure projection *** numerical experiments,coming from medical physics,illustrate the potential applicability of the developed method.

关键词： Radiotherapy hyperbolic system of conservation laws source term approximations finite volume methods

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Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： nadeesha R Samarasinghe Taniya S nagpal Michele L Barbeau Charys M martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(MSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving MSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of MSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).Many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement MSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： Medical education Musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

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Contrasting responseS of hoverflies and wild bees to habitat structure and land use change in a tropical landscape （southern Yunnan, SW China）

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 666-676页

作者： Ling-Zeng Meng Konrad martin Jing-Xin Liu frank Burger Jin Chen University of Hohenheim Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics(380b)StuttgartGermany Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China natural History Museum of Erfurt Germany

The response of insects to monoculture plantations has mainly proceeded at the expense of natural forest areas, and is an outstanding and important issue in ecology and conservation biology, with pollination services declined around the world. In this study, species richness and distribution of hoverfly and wild bee communities were investigated in a changing tropical landscape in southern Yunnan, south-west China by Malaise traps periodically from 2008 to 2009. Species were recorded from the traditional land use types （natural forest, grassland, shrubland and rice field fallows）, and from recently established rubber plantations of different ages. Hoverflies （total 53 species） were most common in young successional stages of vegetation, including rice field fallow and shrubland. Species richness was highest in rice field fallows and lowest in forests and showed a highly significant relationship with the number of forb species and ground vegetation cover. In contrast, the highest richness of wild bees （total 44 species） was recorded from the natural forest sites, which showed a discrete bee community composition compared to the remaining habitat types. There was no significant relationship between the bee species richness and the environmental variables, including the numbers of different plant life forms, coverage of canopy and ground vegetation, successional age of vegetation and land use type. At the landscape scale, open land use systems, including young rubber plantations, are assumed to increase the species richness of hoverflies; however, this might decrease wild bee diversity. The present land use change by rubber cultivation can be expected to have negative impacts on the native wild bee communities.

关键词： Apidae insects pollinators rubber plantations Syrphidae tropical forest

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Relaxation Schemes for the M1 Model with Space-Dependent Flux:Application to Radiotherapy Dose Calculation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第1期19卷 168-191页

作者： Teddy Pichard Denise Aregba-Driollet Stephane Brull Bruno Dubroca martin frank Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications Universite de Bordeaux351 cours de la liberationTalence33400France Mathematics division Center for Computational Engineering ScienceRheinisch-Westf¨alische Technische HochschuleSchinkelstrasse 2Aachen52062Germany Institut de Mathematiques de Bordeaux Universite de Bordeaux351 cours de la liberationTalence33400France

Because of stability constraints,most numerical schemes applied to hyperbolic systems of equations turn out to be costly when the flux term is multiplied by some very large *** problem emerges with the M_(1)system of equations in the field of radiotherapy when considering heterogeneous media with very disparate ***,the flux term of the M_(1)system is non-linear,and in order for the model to be well-posed the numerical solution needs to fulfill conditions called *** this paper,we propose a numerical method that overcomes the stability constraint and preserves the realizability *** this purpose,we relax the M_(1)system to obtain a linear flux *** we extend the stencil of the difference quotient to obtain *** scheme is applied to a radiotherapy dose calculation example.

关键词： Radiotherapy Moments models relaxation models method of characteristics

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非燕麦细胞肺癌并发纵隔淋巴结转移的手术切除效果

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心肺血管病杂志 1983年第3期 41-42页

作者： n.martin 陈宝田北京心肺血管医疗研究中心

从1974年到1981年,1598例非燕麦细胞肺癌进行了外科手术治疗,全部病例按AJC分期。其中706例有纵隔淋巴结转移(n2)。149例(21%)完全切除肿瘤同时清扫了纵隔淋巴结。在这组病例中,男性86例,女性63例;年龄范围从37到78岁,平均60岁。腺癌92... 详细信息

从1974年到1981年,1598例非燕麦细胞肺癌进行了外科手术治疗,全部病例按AJC分期。其中706例有纵隔淋巴结转移(n2)。149例(21%)完全切除肿瘤同时清扫了纵隔淋巴结。在这组病例中,男性86例,女性63例;年龄范围从37到78岁,平均60岁。腺癌92例,上皮癌42例,大细胞癌11例。肺切除范围,118例行肺叶切除,25例全肺切除,6例楔形或

关键词：纵隔淋巴结肺癌肺肿瘤燕麦细胞

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Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Symptoms,risk factors and mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 185-198页

作者： Abobakr K Shadad frank J Sullivan Joseph D martin Laurence J Egan Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital GalwayUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland Department of Radiation Oncology National University of Ireland GalwayUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland

Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for different types of cancer and its use is expected to increase with advances in screening and early detection of *** injury to the gastrointestinal tract is important factor working against better utility of this important therapeutic *** survivors can suffer a wide variety of acute and chronic symptoms following radiotherapy,which significantly reduces their quality of life as well as adding an extra burden to the cost of health *** accurate diagnosis and treatment of intestinal radiation injury often represents a clinical challenge to practicing physicians in both gastroenterology and *** the growing recognition of the problem and some advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation injury,relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal radiation injury or any possible susceptibility factors that could aggravate its *** aims of this review are to examine the various clinical manifestations of post-radiation gastrointestinal symptoms,to discuss possible patient and treatment factors implicated in normal gastrointestinal tissue radiosensitivity and to outline different mechanisms of intestinal tissue injury.

关键词： Radiation enteritis Radiation proctitis Symptoms Pathophysiology Risk factors

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Simplified modeling of electromagnets for dynamic simulation of transient effects for a synchronous electric motor

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2021年第1期1卷 89-95页

作者： Florian Bechler Julius Kesten Florian Wittemann frank Henning martin Doppelbauer Peter Eberhard Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany Institute of Vehicle System Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany

This study aims to show an approach for the dynamic simulation of a synchro-nous *** magnetic forces in the air gap are calculated efficiently using simplified approaches without neglecting important *** the modeling of the magnetic forces,an equivalent magnetic circuit is constructed in which the magnetic saturation and the leakage flux are taken into account and coupled with the electrical circuit at the *** calculated magnetic forces are then passed to a mechanical model of the *** with a predefinable load torque,the resulting motor rotation and the forces in the bearings are *** presented model is then investigated in a small *** novel ap-proach is intended to provide a method of calculating dynamically the forces transmitted from the shaft to the motor housing and to create the basis for evaluating electric motors for vibrations,noise,and harshness under varying loads and input voltages.

关键词： dynamic simulation electromagnet electromagnet modeling magnetomotive forces

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Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Prevention and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 199-208页

With the recent advances in detection and treatment of cancer,there is an increasing emphasis on the efficacy and safety aspects of cancer *** therapy is a common treatment for a wide variety of cancers,either alone or in combination with other *** radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent side effect of radiation therapy and a considerable proportion of patients suffer acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms as a *** side effects often cause morbidity and may in some cases lower the efficacy of radiotherapy *** injury to the gastrointestinal tract can be minimised by either of two strategies:technical strategies which aim to physically shift radiation dose away from the normal intestinal tissues,and biological strategies which aim to modulate the normal tissue response to ionising radiation or to increase its resistance to *** considerable improvement in the safety of radiotherapy treatment has been achieved through the use of modern optimised planning and delivery techniques,biological techniques may offer additional further *** agents have been used to prevent or minimize the severity of gastrointestinal injury induced by ionising radiation exposure,including biological,chemical and pharmacological *** this review we aim to discuss various technical strategies to prevent gastrointestinal injury during cancer radiotherapy,examine the different therapeutic options for acute and chronic gastrointestinal radiation injury and outline some examples of research directions and considerations for prevention at a pre-clinical level.

关键词： Radiation enteritis Radiation proctitis Prevention Treatment Gastrointestinal radiation injury

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