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Load dependent microstructural evolution in an as-cast 26%Cr high chromium cast iron during unlubricated sliding

Friction 2022年第8期10卷 1258-1275页

作者： U.Pranav NAYAK Sebastian SUÁREZ Valentin PESNEL frank mÜCKLICH maría Agustina GUITAR Department of materials Science Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany materials Engineering Center Saarland Saarbrücken 66123Germany Ecole Européenne d’ingénieurs en Génie des matériaux Universitéde LorraineNancy 54000France

In the current study,an as-cast 26%Cr high chromium cast iron(HCCI)alloy was subjected to dry-sliding linear wear tests,under different *** loads were selected based on analytically computing the critical load(PC)i.e.,the load necessary to induce plastic *** PC was calculated to be 15 N and accordingly,a sub-critical load(5 N)and an over-critical load(20 N)were *** influence of increasing the load during the wear test was investigated in terms of the matrix microstructural behaviour and its ability to support the surrounding *** morphological aspects of the wear tracks,and the deformed matrix microstructure adjacent and underneath the track was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSm)and scanning electron microscope(SEm),*** evidence of plastic deformation of the matrix was observed below *** the contrary,at loads equal to and higher than PC,the austenitic matrix plastically deformed as evidenced by the presence of slip *** backscattered diffraction(EBSD)measurements in terms of grain reference orientation deviation,and micro-Vickers hardness of the austenitic matrix indicated a deformation depth of about 40μm at the maximum applied load of 20 *** active wear mechanisms during sliding were a combination of both adhesive and abrasive wear,although increasing the load shifted the dominant mechanism towards *** was primarily attributable to the increased propensity for carbide cracking and fracturing,combined with the inability of the hardened austenitic matrix surface and sub-surface to adequately support the broken carbide ***,the shift in the dominant wear mechanism was also reflected in the wear volume and subsequently,the wear rate.

关键词： high chromium cast iron unlubricated sliding plastic deformation wear resistance carbide spallation matrix hardness

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Effects of proteins on magnesium degradation-static *** conditions

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1332-1342页

作者： Ruiqing Hou frank Feyerabend Heike Helmholz Vasil m.Garamus Regine Willumeit-Römer School of materials Science and Engineering&Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced magnesium Alloys Zhengzhou UniversityNo.100 Science AvenueZhengzhou 450001China Institute of metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon(Hereon)Max-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

The interaction between organic molecules and biomaterial surfaces determines the fate of biomaterials during their service life,which is also the research hotspots in the field of *** understand the mechanism of protein interaction with magnesium(mg)degradation,alloying elements,immersion time,protein concentration and surface conditions have been previously considered for the effect of proteins on mg ***,fluid flow,as one of the critical factors,drew little attention in this *** the present study,the effect of bovine serum albumin(BSA)and fetal bovine serum(FBS)on mg degradation was compared under static and dynamic *** results revealed that both BSA and FBS slightly decreased the degradation rate of mg in Hanks’balanced salt solution(HBSS)under static immersion due to the protein adsorption and the formation of a Ca/P-rich top layer on mg surface,whereas under dynamic flow condition the degradation of mg was significantly accelerated in the presence of BSA or *** reasons seemed to stem from the weakened protein adsorption on mg surface in this case and the dynamically enhanced interaction between proteins and ions/products in solutions,which largely weaken the combination of the top Ca/P-rich layer with the inner corrosion product *** results highlight the importance of testing conditions for mg characterization in vitro and the synergistic effect between different parameters on mg degradation.

关键词： Flow Bovine serum albumin Fetal bovine serum Protein adsorption

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Charge carrier mobilities of organic semiconductors:ab initio simulations with mode-specific treatment of molecular vibrations

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 2199-2209页

作者： Sebastian Hutsch michel Panhans frank Ortmann School of Natural Sciences Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenGarching b.MünchenGermany

The modeling of charge transport in organic semiconductors usually relies on the treatment of molecular vibrations by assuming a certain limiting case for all vibration modes,such as the dynamic limit in polaron theory or the quasi-static limit in transient localization *** opposite limits are each suitable for only a subset of ***,we present a model that combines these different *** is based on a separation of the vibrational spectrum and a quantum-mechanical treatment in which the slow modes generate a disorder landscape,while the fast modes generate polaron band *** apply the combined method to 20 organic crystals,including prototypical acenes,thiophenes,benzothiophenes,and their *** mobilities span several orders of magnitude and we find a close agreement to the experimental *** analysis reveals clear correlations to simple mobility predictors and a combination of them can be used to identify high-mobility materials.

关键词： theory semiconductors limit

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Inheritance of marsh spot disease resistance in cranberry common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 456-467页

作者： Bosen Jia Robert L.Conner Nadeem Khan Anfu Hou Xuhua Xia frank m.You Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0C6Canada Department of Biology University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada morden Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaMordenManitoba R6M 1Y5Canada

Common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) is an annual legume crop that is grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds and tender pods. marsh spot(mS) of the seeds is a physio-genic stress disease affecting seed quality in beans. Studies have suggested that this disease involves a nutritional disorder caused by manganese deficiency, but the inheritance of resistance to this disease has not been reported. A biparental genetic population composed of 138 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) was developed from a cross between an mS resistant cultivar ‘Cran09’ and an mS susceptible cultivar ‘messina’. The 138 RILs and their two parents were evaluated for mS resistance during five consecutive years from 2015 to 2019 in sandy and heavy clay soils in morden, manitoba, Canada. The mS incidence(mSI) and the mS resistance index(mSRI) representing disease severity were shown to be both highly correlated heritable traits that had high broad-sense heritability values(H;) of 86.5% and 83.2%, respectively. No significant differences for mSI and mSRI were observed between the two soil types in all five-(mSI) or four-year(mSRI) data collection, but significant correlations among years were observed despite mS resistance was moderately affected by year. The mSIs and mSRIs displayed a right-skewed distribution, indicating a mixed genetic model involving a few major genes and polygenes. Using the joint segregation analysis method, the same four major genes with additive-epistasis effects showed the best fit for both traits, explaining 84.4% and85.3% of the phenotypic variance for mSI and mSRI, respectively. For both traits, the m1, m2, m3 and m4 acted as the favorable(resistant) alleles for the four genes where m and m represent two alleles of each gene. However, due to epistatic effects, only the individuals of the m1 m2 m3 m4 haplotype appeared to be highly resistant, whereas those of the m1 m2 m3 m4 haplotype were the most susceptible. The m4 allele significantly suppressed the additive effects of m1 m

关键词： Common bean Cranberry bean marsh spot Resistance Recombinant inbred line(RIL) Joint segregation analysis major gene Polygene

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Influence of structural depth of laser-patterned steel surfaces on the solid lubricity of carbon nanoparticle coatings

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1276-1291页

作者： Timothy mACLUCAS Lukas DAUT Philipp GRÜTZmACHER maria Agustina GUITAR Volker PRESSER Carsten GACHOT Sebastian SUAREZ frank mÜCKLICH Chair of Functional materials Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development TU WienWien 1060Austria INm–Leibniz Institute for New materials Saarbrücken 66123Germany Department of materials Science&Engineering Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany Saarene-Saarland Center for Energy materials and Sustainability Saarbrücken 66123Germany

Carbon nanoparticle coatings on laser-patterned stainless-steel surfaces present a solid lubrication system where the pattern's recessions act as lubricant-retaining *** study investigates the influence of the structural depth of line patterns coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and carbon onions(COs)on their respective potential to reduce friction and *** laser interference patterning(DLIP)with a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to create line patterns with three different structural depths at a periodicity of 3.5μm on AISI 304 steel ***,electrophoretic deposition(EPD)is applied to form homogeneous carbon nanoparticle coatings on the patterned *** ball-on-disc experiments are conducted on the as-described surfaces with an alumina counter body at a load of 100 *** results show that the shallower the coated structure,the lower its coefficient of friction(COF),regardless of the particle ***,with a minimum of just below 0.20,CNTs reach lower COF values than COs over most of the testing *** resulting wear tracks are characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray *** friction testing,the CNTs remain in contact,and the immediate proximity,whereas the CO coating is largely *** of structural depth,no oxidation occurs on CNT-coated surfaces,whereas minor oxidation is detected on CO-coated wear tracks.

关键词： solid lubricant coatings carbon nanotubes carbon onions direct laser interference patterning(DLIP)surface structuring electrophoretic deposition(EPD)

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Electronic structure factors and the importance of adsorbate effects in chemisorption on surface alloys

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 1560-1571页

作者： Shikha Saini Joakim Halldin Stenlid frank Abild-Pedersen SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford University443 Via OrtegaStanfordCA94305USA SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA94025USA

The chemisorption energy is an integral aspect of surface chemistry,central to numerous fields such as catalysis,corrosion,and ***-structure-based methods such as the Newns-Anderson model are therefore of great importance in guiding the engineering of material surfaces with optimal ***,existing methods are inadequate for interpreting complex,multi-metallic ***,we introduce a physics-based chemisorption model for alloyed transition metal surfaces employing primarily metal d-band properties that accounts for perturbations in both the substrate and adsorbate electronic states upon ***,we show that adsorbate-induced changes in the adsorption site interact with its chemical environment leading to a second-order response in chemisorption energy with the d-filling of the neighboring *** demonstrate the robustness of the model on a wide range of transition metal alloys with O,N,CH,and Li adsorbates yielding a mean absolute error of 0.13 eV versus density functional theory reference chemisorption energies.

关键词： alloys corrosion chemisorption

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Breakthrough in the challenging P450-catalyzed chemoenzymatic synthesis of C14-functionalized steroids

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中国科学:化学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2435-2436页

作者： manfred T.Reetz frank Hollmann max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145480 MülheimGermany Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308China Department of Biotechnology Delft Universityvan der Maasweg 92629 HZ DelftNetherlands

Intensive past research has demonstrated that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in the biosynthesis of numerous natural products and in human metabolism of various pharmaceuticals [1]. This inspired synthetic organic and pharmaceutical chemists to test them as catalysts in the oxidative hydroxylation of steroids. Unfortunately, wildtype P450s generally proved to show low levels of regio-and diastereoselectivity as well as suboptimal activity.

关键词： steroids catalyzed synthesis

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TeV astronomy

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 714-747页

作者： frank m. Rieger max-Planck-Institut fiir Kernphysik P.O. Box 103980 69029 Heidelberg Germany Institut de Ciencies de L'Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB Torte C5 08193 Bellaterra Spain Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy jointly supported by CNRS and MPG

With the successful realization of the current-generation of ground-based detectors, TeV Astronomy has entered into a new era. We review recent advances in VHE astronomy, focusing on the potential of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes （IACTs）, and highlight astrophysical implications of the results obtained within recent years.

关键词： TeV astronomy gamma-rays Cherenkov telescopes high-energy astrophysics

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传播体形态与方位对二次种子风力传播的影响

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第6期15卷 1257-1272页

作者： Jinlei Zhu Carsten m.Buchmann frank m.Schurr Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany

理解传播体形态与方位如何影响二次种子风力传播对联系种子传播与传播后的各种过程如种子停留、种子捕食与种子萌发具有重要意义。本研究以机理模型定量描述了传播体形态与方位对二次种子风力传播的影响。我们拓展了由Schurr等(2005)开... 详细信息

理解传播体形态与方位如何影响二次种子风力传播对联系种子传播与传播后的各种过程如种子停留、种子捕食与种子萌发具有重要意义。本研究以机理模型定量描述了传播体形态与方位对二次种子风力传播的影响。我们拓展了由Schurr等(2005)开发的机理模型,并描述了二次种子风力传播如何受风信状况、地表特征及传播体形态与方位的影响。拓展后的模型模拟传播体降落至地表后的初始方位、传播距离及传播体在地表停止运动后的方位分布。为了参数化模型,我们选取具有传播体异型性的植物霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)的形态不对称的传播体为研究对象,测量了对应不同传播体方位的传播体垂直高度和传播体启动风速(使静止传播体开始运动的阈值风速),确定了对应不同传播体方位的、依赖于传播体属性与环境特征的模型参数。为了验证模型,我们开展了风洞实验,将霸王传播体释放到表面覆沙的沥青毡上,记录各个传播体降落至地表后的初始方位、传播距离及传播体在地表停止运动后的方位分布。拓展的模型可精确预测二次种子风力传播距离,可解释高达99%的传播体停止运动后的方位分布变异。模型预测二次传播距离随风速增加而增加,随下垫面粗糙度增加而降低。模型预测种子传播距离与种子萌发间存在权衡关系。

关键词：霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon) 传播体异型性机理模型二次种子风力传播传播体方位风滚草具翼种子

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Recent advances in paired electrolysis coupling CO_(2) reduction with alternative oxidation reactions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 406-419,I0011页

作者： Deng Li Jiangfan Yang Juhong Lian Junqing Yan Shengzhong(frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119ShaanxiChina College of Chemistry and materials Science Weinan Normal UniversityWeinan 714099ShaanxiChina Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)holds great promise in green energy conversion and ***,for current CO_(2) electrolyzers that rely on the oxygen evolution reaction,a large portion of the input energy is"wasted"at the anode due to the high overpotential requirement and the recovery of low-value *** make efficient use of the electricity during electrolysis,coupling CO_(2)RR with anodic alternatives that have low energy demands and/or profitable returns with high-value products is then ***,we review the latest advances in paired systems for simultaneous CO_(2) reduction and anode *** start with the cases integrating CO_(2)RR with concurrent alternative oxidation,such as inorganic oxidation using chloride,sulfide,ammonia and urea,and organic oxidation using alcohols,aldehydes and primary *** paired systems that couple CO_(2)RR with on-site oxidative upgrading of CO_(2)-reduced chemicals are also *** coupling mechanism,electrochemical performance and economic viability of these co-electrolysis systems are ***,we then point out the mismatch issues between the cathodic and anodic reactions regrading catalyst ability,electrolyte solution and reactant supply that will challenge the applications of these paired electrolysis *** to address these issues are further proposed,providing some guidance for future research.

关键词： Electrolysis Coupling Reaction CO_(2)Utilization Co-Valorization

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