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TeV astronom.

Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 714-747页

作者： frank m. Rieger m.x-Planck-Institut fiir Kernphysik P.O. Box 103980 69029 Heidelberg Germany Institut de Ciencies de L'Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB Torte C5 08193 Bellaterra Spain Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland European Associated Laboratory for Gam.a-Ray Astronom. jointly supported by CNRS and MPG

With the successful realization of the current-generation of ground-based detectors, TeV Astronom. has entered into a new era. We review recent advances in VHE astronom., focusing on the potential of Im.ging Atm.spheric Cherenkov Telescopes （IACTs）, and highlight astrophysical im.lications of the results obtained within recent years.

关键词： TeV astronom. gam.a-rays Cherenkov telescopes high-energy astrophysics

Influence of groundwater depth on species com.osition and com.unity structure in the transition zone of Cele oasis

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： frank m. THOm.S Departm.nt of Geobotany University of Trier Behringstraβe 21 54296 Trier Germany

The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dom.nant plant species and characteristics of plant com.unities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth im.acted distributions and characteristics of dom.nant plant com.unities. However, besides groundwater depth, the com.unity com.osition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognom. of the habitat. Based on the sim.larity coefficient, the differences between dom.nant plant com.unities were significant at different groundwater depths. Com.ared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of com.unity distribution were sim.lar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extrem.ly arid region, there were significant differences in com.unity type and com.unity succession when com.ared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from.deep to shallow, com.unities transform.d with the sequence of Alhagi com.unities, Tam.rix spp. com.unities, Populus com.unities, Phragm.tes com.unities, and Sophora com.unities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m. the com.unity type and com.osition changed, and the species diversity increased. Am.ng these dom.nant species, Tam.rix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which m.ans it possessed the best adaptability to environm.ntal conditions at the oasis m.rgins.

关键词： groundwater depth com.unity characteristic niche breadth oases Taklam.kan desert

Fluid m.chanics / frank m. White. 4th ed.

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Fluid mechanics / Frank M. White.

Transferability of m.crosatellite m.rkers from.Brachypodium.distachyon to m.scanthus sinensis,a Potential Biom.ss Crop

1999年

作者： frank m. White.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第3期53卷 232-245页

作者： Hua Zhao Jiangyan Yu frank m. You m.ngcheng Luo Junhua Peng Key Laboratory of Plant Germ.lasm.Enhancem.nt and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China Departm.nt of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1170 USA

m.scanthus sinensis has high biom.ss yield and contributed two of the three genom.s in m. x giganteus, a bioenergy crop widely studied in Europe and North Am.rica, and thus is a potential biom.ss crop and an im.ortant germ.lasm.for m.scanthus breeding. m.lecular m.rkers are essential for germ.lasm.evaluation, genetic analyses and new cultivar developm.nt in m. sinensis. In the present study, we reported transferability of sim.le sequence repeat （SSR） m.rkers from.Brachypodium.distachyon to m. sinensis. A set of 57 SSR m.rkers evenly distributed across the B. distachyon genom. were deliberately designed. Out of these B. distachyon SSR m.rkers, 86.0% are transferable to m. sinensis. The SSR loci am.lified in m. sinensis were validated by re-sequencing the am.licons. The polym.rphism.inform.tion content （PIC） of the transferable SSR m.rkers varied from.0.073 to 0.375 with a m.an of 0.263, assessed based on 21 m. sinensis genotypes. Phylogenetic tree based on 162 alleles detected by 49 SSR m.rkers could unam.iguously distinguish B. distachyon from.m. sinensis, and cluster 21 m. sinensis genotypes into three groups that are basically in coincidence with their geographical distribution and ecotype classifications. The m.rkers developed by the com.arative genom.c approach could be useful for germ.lasm.evaluation, genetic analysis, and m.rker-assisted breeding in m.scanthus.

关键词： BRACHYPODIUm m.SCANTHUS m.CROSATELLITES (Genetics) GENETIC m.rkers ENERGY crops GENETIC transform.tion BIOm.SS production

SWEET as Sugar： New Sucrose Effluxers in Plants

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m.lecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 766-768页

作者： R. frank Baker Kristen A. Leach David m. Braun Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize Center University of Missouri 110 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211

Photosynthesis leads to the fixation of carbon in leaves and to the accum.lation of carbohydrates （e.g., sucrose, starch）. This assim.lated carbon m.st be transported from.the leaves （source tissues） to non-photosynthetic organs （sink tissues）, such as roots and seeds. Despite the essentiality of this process in plants, a com.lete understanding of the actors involved in sucrose export from.leaves is lacking. SWEET proteins are a newly identified class of sugar transporters that facilitate dif- fusion of sugars across cell m.m.ranes down a concentration gradient. In this perspective, we highlight the recent publica- tion of Chen et al. （2012）, which reports that SWEET proteins transport sucrose across cell m.m.ranes, are expressed in a subset of phloem.parenchym. cells,

关键词： Candy foliage sugar protein sweeteners plants Fueling actor Carbon Fixation Saccharose snow goose

Sodium.lanthanide fluoride core-shell nanocrystals： A general perspective on epitaxial shell growth

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Nano Research 2013年第8期6卷 547-561页

作者： Noah J. J. Johnson frank C. J. m. van Veggel Departm.nt of Chem.stry University ofVictoria P.O. Box3065 Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3V6

Understanding the structural characteristics and growth m.chanism.s） are essen-tial for generating core-shell nano-heterostructures with distinctive properties. Especially in lanthanide-based nanocrystals, rational design of the core-shell com.osition can be utilized to enhance/tune the optical properties of the final nanostructure, or can be used to integrate m.ltiple functional applications （e.g., lum.nescent/m.gnetic）. In this article, we review the progress in our current understanding of the epitaxial shell growth in sodium.lanthanide fluoride （NaLnF4） nanocrystals. In order to understand epitaxial shell growth the core nanocrystals have to be uniform. and to date the synthesis of high quality near uniform.size/shape dispersion controlled synthesis of lanthanide-based nanocrystals has been achieved m.inly with this class of nanocrystals. The progress in core-shell synthesis and the epitaxial shell growth m.chanism.in this class of nanocrystals （NaLnF4） are reviewed, and a general perspective is provided on the core-shell m.rphology based on different characterization techniques. While there has been trem.ndous progress in studying the im.act of core-shell structures in various functional applications, this review also highlights, in our view, the still lim.ted understanding of ways to control the core-shell m.rphology and it em.hasizes som. im.ortant, unanswered questions that rem.in to be addressed to m.xim.ze their perform.nce.

关键词： upconvertingnanocrystals core-shell lanthanides epitaxy

HIV protease:late action to prevent im.une detection

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1408-1409页

作者： Konstantin m.J.Sparrer frank Kirchhoff Institute of m.lecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany

A recent study published in Science by Wang and colleagues shows that prem.ture activation of the HIV-1 protease leads to caspase activation and recruitm.nt dom.in 8(CARD8)inflam.asom.-m.diated pyroptosis of infected m.crophages and CD4+T cells(Fig.1).These findings m.ght help to im.rove approaches aim.ng to elim.nate the latent viral reservoirs upon HIV-1 *** invading viral pathogens trigger the innate im.une system.and are usually rapidly controlled and eventually *** sense viral intruders via so-called pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)capable of detecting pathogen-associated m.lecular patterns(PAm.s)allowing discrim.nation between self and *** m.ny cases,these patterns are viral nucleic acids that show pathogen-specific structures or em.rge at the wrong localization in the ***,activation of PRRs by their respective ligands leads to the induction of various anti-viral signaling cascades,am.ng them.the inflam.asom..

关键词： eventually action elim.nate

Endoscopic papillectom.: Data of a prospective observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4316-4324页

作者： Uwe Will Anne-Kathrin m.ller frank Fueldner Igor Wanzar frank m.yer Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Municipal Hospital Departm.nt of Surgery University Hospital

AIm.To investigate the clinical value of endoscopic papillectom. indicated by feasibility and safety of the procedure in various diseases of the papilla in a representative num.er of patients in a setting of daily clinical and endoscopic practice and care by m.ans of a system.tic prospective observational study. m.THODS:Through a defined tim. period, all consecutive patients with tum.r-like lesions of the papilla, who were considered for papillectom., were enrolled in this system.tic bicenter prospective observational study, and subdivided into 4 groups according to endoscopic and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings as well as histopathological diagnosis:adenom.; carcinom./ neuroendocrine tum.r (NET)/lym.hom.; papilla into which catheter can not be introduced; adenom.om.tosis, respectively. Treatm.nt results and outcom. were characterized by R0 resection, com.lication, recurrence rates and tum.r-free ***:Over a 7-year period, 58 patients underwent endoscopic papillectom.. m.in sym.tom. prom.ting to diagnostic m.asures were unclear abdom.nal pain in 50% and cholestasis with and without pain in 44%. Overall, 54/58 patients [inclusion rate, 93.1%; sex ratio, m.les/fem.les = 25/29 (1:1.16); m.an age, 65 (range, 22-88) years] were enrolled in the study. Prior to papillectom., EUS was perform.d in 79.6% (n = 43/54). Group 1 (adenom., n = 24/54; 44.4%):91.6% (n = 22/24) with R0 resection; tum.r-free survival after a m.an of 18.5 m., 86.4% (n = 19/22); recurrence, 13.6% (n = 3/22); m.nor com.lications, 12.5% (n = 3/24). Group 2 (carcinom./NET/lym.hom., n = 18/54; 33.3%):75.0% (n = 10/18) with R0 resection; tum.r-free survival after a m.an of 18.5 (range, 1-84) m., 88.9% (n = 8/9); recurrence, 11.1% (n = 1/9). Group 3 (adenom.om.tosis, n = 4/54; 7.4%). Group 4 (prim.rily no introducible catheter into the papilla, n = 8; 14.8%). The overall com.lication rate was 18.5% (n = 10/54; 1 subject with 2 com.lications):Bleeding, n = 3; pancreatitis, n = 7; perforat

关键词： Papilla of Vater Papillectom. Endoscopic ultrasonography Adenom. Carcinom. Carcinoid-like tum.r Adenom.om.tosis

m.del reference adaptive im.edance control for physical hum.n-robot interaction

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Control Theory and Technology 2016年第1期14卷 68-82页

作者： Bakur ALQAUDI Ham.dreza m.DARES Isura RANATUNGA Shaikh m. TOUSIF frank L. LEWIS Dan O. POPA The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute (UTARI) Fort Worth TX 76118 U.S.A. Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 U.S.A. Electronics and Instrum.ntation Engineering Technology Departm.nt Yanbu Industrial College P.O. Box 30436 41912 Yanbu al-Sinaiyah K.S.A. State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Autom.tion for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning 110819 China

This paper presents a novel enhanced hum.n-robot interaction system.based on m.del reference adaptive control. The presented m.thod delivers guaranteed stability and task perform.nce and has two control loops. A robot-specific inner loop, which is a neuroadaptive controller, learns the robot dynam.cs online and m.kes the robot respond like a prescribed im.edance m.del. This loop uses no task inform.tion, including no prescribed trajectory. A task-specific outer loop takes into account the hum.n operator dynam.cs and adapts the prescribed robot im.edance m.del so that the com.ined hum.n-robot system.has desirable characteristics for task perform.nce. This design is based on m.del reference adaptive control, but of a nonstandard form. The net result is a controller with both adaptive im.edance characteristics and assistive inputs that augm.nt the hum.n operator to provide im.roved task perform.nce of the hum.n-robot team. Sim.lations verify the perform.nce of the proposed controller in a repetitive point-to-point m.tion task. Actual experim.ntal im.lem.ntations on a PR2 robot further corroborate the effectiveness of the approach.

关键词： Hum.n-robot interaction m.del reference adaptive control m.del reference neuroadaptive im.edance control