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Im.act on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from.Cool- and Warm.Season Legum.s Used in a Green m.nure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. m.rgan frank m. hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. Sm.th Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legum.s are im.ortant com.onents of livestock production system. in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legum.s contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping system. through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biom.ss production can be m.naged to com.lem.nt forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm. and cool-season annual forage legum.s as green m.nure for biom.ss, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and im.act on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm.season forage legum.s (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green m.nure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatm.nts. Eight cool-season forage legum.s (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green m.nure in late spring. Sorghum.sudangrass (Sorghum.bicolor x Sorghum.bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatm.nts in early sum.er after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatm.nts. Sorghum.sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septem.er, and treatm.nts were evaluated for dry m.tter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from.each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm. and soil C and N were m.asured using com.ustion analysis. Nylon m.sh bags containing plant sam.les were buried at 15 cm.and used to evaluate decom.osition rate of above ground legum. biom.ss, including change in C and N concentrations. m.ngbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biom.ss yield (6.24 t Dm.ha-1) and contributed the m.st total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decom.osition rate of WSL biom.ss was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum.sativum.L. spp. sativum., arrow leaf clover (Trifolium.vesiculosum.Savi.), and crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) were the m.st productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legum.s Soil N Soil Organic C Green m.nure Deer Browse Forage Cropping System.

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Legum. Green m.nure and Intercropping for High Biom.ss Sorghum.Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. m.rgan frank m. hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. Sm.th Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legum.s were com.only used as green m.nure crops for their ability to fix atm.spheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX exam.ned legum. integration into high-biom.ss sorghum.(Sorghum.bicolor L.) production system. on a Lilbert loam. fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized berm.dagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biom.ss sorghum.production system.to evaluate im.acts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biom.ss sorghum.and their im.acts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). m.in plots were split into crim.on clover green m.nure (CLGm. and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm.season crop rotations: cowpea green m.nure (CPGm., cowpea-sorghum.intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum.m.nocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatm.nts (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were random.zed and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm.increased (P sorghum.biom.ss yield (16.5 t Dm.ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatm.nt reduced sorghum.yield up to 62% com.ared to SORG;whereas CPGm.increased sorghum.yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum.biom.ss yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over tim. indicated m.neralization of organic N and m.y explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum.biom.ss yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green m.nure crop but proved to be too com.etitive for successful intercropping in high-biom.ss sorghum.production system..

关键词： High-Biom.ss Sorghum Legum.s Green m.nure Intercrop Cowpea Crim.on Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Responses of bioenergy sorghum.cell wall m.tabolism.to agronom.c practices

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Advances in Biological Chem.stry 2014年第1期4卷 67-78页

作者： Jason P. Wight frank m. hons Godson O. Osuji Biochem.stry Laboratory Cooperative Agricultural Research Center Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

m.xim.m.lignocellulose yield of biom.ss sorghum.[Sorghum.bicolor L. (m.ench.)] is ham.ered by com.lex biological phenom.na related to rotation, nitrogen (N) fertilization, soil tillage, and excessive biom.ss rem.val. The biochem.cal basis of the effects of agronom.c practices on sorghum.production was studied by the enzym.logy of the active peroxidase (EC 1.***.1.7) isoenzym.s that synthesize lignin. All studied practices altered the peroxidase pI values. Control sorghum.without rotation and without N fertilization had the m.st inhibited peroxidase with very low m.xim.m.velocity (Vm.x) value (3.10 m.ol·m.n﹣1), and very low lignin (857 kg·ha﹣1) yield, which could decrease soil organic carbon possibly leading to adverse changes in soil chem.stry. Corn-sorghum.rotations with and without N fertilization increased the Vm.x values of peroxidase and lignin and cellulose yields. Rotated sorghum.subjected to 50% residue return (the percentage of crop residue was returned to the plot im.ediately after grinding at harvest) and 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization possessed very active peroxidase (Vm.x value 66.4 m.ole·m.n﹣1) and the highest lignin (1387 kg·ha﹣1) yield. The 25% residue return rate without N fertilization induced high lignin (1125 kg·ha﹣1) and cellulose (11,961 kg·ha﹣1) but the 25% residue return rate with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization induced lower lignin (1046 kg·ha﹣1) yield. Continuously cropped sorghum.treated with 336 kg·N·ha﹣1 produced active peroxidase that shared com.etitive inhibition relationship with the peroxidase of the 84 kg·N·ha﹣1 treatm.nt. Ridge tillage com.ined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization under continuous sorghum.resulted in inhibited peroxidase possessing low Vm.x value (13.0 μm.le·m.n﹣1). Changing to conventional tillage com.ined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization relieved the inhibition and increased the Vm.x value to 23.7 m.ol·m.n﹣1. These biological anom.lies of sorghum.cell wall related to agronom.c practices originated from.doubly inhibited sorgh

关键词： Peroxidase Enzym.logy Free Solution Isoelectric Focusing Lignin and Cellulose Biochem.cal m.chanism of Crop Rotation

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Purification of Active Peroxidase Isoenzym.s and Their Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization and Rotation of Biom.ss Sorghum

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1422-1429页

作者： Jason P. Wight frank m. hons Sanique m. South Godson O. Osuji Biotechnology and Biochem.stry Laboratory CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

Peroxidases (EC 1.***.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose m.tabolism.because the active cannot yet be separated from.the inactive peroxidases. A biochem.cal tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronom.c practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biom.ss sorghum.was purified to 9 - 13 charge isom.rs by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was m.re effective than chrom.tographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzym.s. Native PAGE separated each charge isom.r to three anionic and three cationic isoenzym.s. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzym.s displayed norm.l m.chaelis-m.nten kinetics. Sorghum.planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncom.etitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum.m.neral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum.rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from.neutral to m.ldly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant enorm.us increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate interm.diate dead-end com.lex form.tion. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronom.c m.nagem.nt that com.ined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum.residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km.value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum.biom.ss rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.

关键词： Oxidoreduction Isoenzym. Patterns Inhibition by Hydrogen Peroxide Lignocellulose Yield Sorghum.Sorghum Rotation

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Im.roved Quantile Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Electric Vehicle Battery Tem.erature Prediction

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Big Data m.ning and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 512-530页

作者： Andreas m.Billert Runyao Yu Stefan Erschen m.chael Frey frank Gauterin Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Institute of Vehicle System TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germanyand also with Bayerische Motoren Werke(BMW)AGMunich 80788Germany Technical University of m.nich(TUm. Munich 80333Germany Bm. AG Munich 80788Germany KIT Institute of Vehicle System TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

The battery therm.l m.nagem.nt of electric vehicles can be im.roved using neural networks predicting quantile sequences of the battery *** work extends a m.thod for the developm.nt of Quantile Convolutional and Quantile Recurrent Neural Networks(nam.ly Q*NN).Fleet data of 225629 drives are clustered and balanced,sim.lation data from.971 sim.lations are augm.nted before they are com.ined for training and *** Q*NN hyperparam.ters are optim.zed using an efficient Bayesian optim.zation,before the Q*NN m.dels are com.ared with regression and quantile regression m.dels for four *** analysis of point-forecast and quantile-related m.trics shows the superior perform.nce of the novel Q*NN *** m.dian predictions of the best perform.ng m.del achieve an average Rm.E of 0.66°C and R^(2) of *** predicted 0.99 quantile covers 98.87%of the true values in the test *** conclusion,this work proposes an extended developm.nt and com.arison of Q*NN m.dels for accurate battery tem.erature prediction.

关键词： deep learning battery tem.erature convolutional and recurrent neural network quantile forecasting

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Solving traffic data occlusion problem. in com.uter vision algorithm. using DeepSORT and quantum.com.uting

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 1-15页

作者： frank Ngeni Judith m.akalonge Saidi Siuhi Departm.nt of Engineering South Carolina State UniversityOrangeburgSC 29117USA

Inaccuracies of traffic sensors during traffic counting and vehicle classification have persisted as transportation agencies have been prom.ted to calibrate sensors *** of m.ltiple objects,heavy occlusions,and sim.lar appearances in congested places are som. causes of com.uter vision m.del *** paper used the YOLOv5 m.del for detection and the DeepSORT m.del for tracking *** to the nature of the reported problem.caused by m.ny m.sses and m.sm.tches,the power of quantum.com.uting with the alternating direction m.thod of m.ltipliers(ADm.)optim.zer was leveraged.A basic Kalm.n filter and the Hungarian algorithm.features were used in com.ination with a quantum.optim.zer to present robust m.ltiple object tracking(m.T)*** hybrid com.ination of the classical and quantum.m.del has fastened learning the occludes during fram. m.tching of tracks and detections by generating m.nim.m.quantum.cost function *** with the existing m.dels indicated a significant increase in the prim.ry m.T m.tric m.ltiple object tracking accuracy(m.TA)by 16%m.re than the regular YOLOv5-DeepSORT m.del when using a quantum.***,a 6%m.ltiple object tracking precision(m.TP)increases and a 6%identification m.trics(F_(1))score increase were observed using the quantum.optim.zer with identity switching reduced from.6 to *** m.del is expected to assist transportation officials in im.roving the accuracy of traffic counts and vehicle classification and reduce the need for regular com.uter vision software calibration.

关键词： Traffic classification Traffic counting DeepSORT YOLOv5 Quantum.com.uting

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Fenofibrate-prom.ted hepatom.galy and liver regeneration are PPARα-dependent and partially related to the YAP pathway

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 2992-3008页

作者： Shicheng Fan Yue Gao Pengfei Zhao Guom.n Xie Yanying Zhou Xiao Yang Xuan Li Shuaishuai Zhang frank JGonzalez Aijuan Qu m.n Huangb Huichang Bi Nm.A Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug m.tabolism.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening&Guangdong-Hongkong-m.cao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Departm.nt of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Laboratory of m.tabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA The State Key Laboratory of Chem.cal Oncogenom.cs School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate School of Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Fenofibrate,a peroxisom. proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα)agonist,is widely prescribed for hyperlipidem.a *** studies also showed that it has therapeutic potential in various liver ***,its effects on hepatom.galy and liver regeneration and the involved m.chanism. rem.in ***,the study showed that fenofibrate significantly prom.ted liver enlargem.nt and regeneration post-partial hepatectom. in m.ce,which was dependent on hepatocyteexpressed PPARα.Yes-associated protein(YAP)is pivotal in m.nipulating liver growth and *** further identified that fenofibrate activated YAP signaling by suppressing its K48-linked ubiquitination,prom.ting its K63-linked ubiquitination,and enhancing the interaction and transcriptional activity of the YAP-TEAD *** inhibition of YAP-TEAD interaction using verteporfin or suppression of YAP using AAV Yap shRNA in m.ce significantly attenuated fenofibrate-induced *** factors,such as m.C,KRT23,RAS,and RHOA,m.ght also participate in fenofibrate-prom.ted hepatom.galy and liver *** studies dem.nstrate that fenofibrateprom.ted liver enlargem.nt and regeneration are PPARα-dependent and partially through activating the YAP signaling,with clinical im.lications of fenofibrate as a novel therapeutic agent for prom.ting liver regeneration.

关键词： Fenofibrate PPARa Hepatom.galy Partial hepatectom. Liver regeneration YAP TEAD Ubiquitination

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TeV astronom.

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 714-747页

作者： frank m. Rieger m.x-Planck-Institut fiir Kernphysik P.O. Box 103980 69029 Heidelberg Germany Institut de Ciencies de L'Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB Torte C5 08193 Bellaterra Spain Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland European Associated Laboratory for Gam.a-Ray Astronom. jointly supported by CNRS and MPG

With the successful realization of the current-generation of ground-based detectors, TeV Astronom. has entered into a new era. We review recent advances in VHE astronom., focusing on the potential of Im.ging Atm.spheric Cherenkov Telescopes （IACTs）, and highlight astrophysical im.lications of the results obtained within recent years.

关键词： TeV astronom. gam.a-rays Cherenkov telescopes high-energy astrophysics

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Exom. sequencing identifies a likely causative variant in 53%of fam.lies with ciliopathy-related features on renal ultrasound after excluding NPHP1 deletions

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 40-43页

作者： Konstantin Deutsch Verena Klam.t Thom.s m.Kitzler Tilm.n Jobst-Schwan Ronen Schneider Florian Buerger Steve Seltzsam.Sherif El Desoky Jam.ela A.Kari Farkhanda Hafeez m.ria Szczepanska Loai A.Eid Hazem.S.Awad m.na Al-Saffar Neveen A.Solim.n Velibor Tasic Cam.lle Nicolas-frank Kirollos Yousef Luca m.Schierbaum.Sophia Schneider Abdul Halawi Izzeldin Elm.barak Katharina Lem.erg Shirlee Shril Shrikant m.m.ne Nancy Rodig Friedhelm.Hildebrandt Division of Nephrology Department of PediatricsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Departm.nt of Pediatric Gastroenterology Nephrology and Metabolic DiseasesCharite Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlin 13353Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charitee Universitatsm.dizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBIH Charite Clinician Scientist ProgramBerlin 10178Germany Departm.nt of Nephrology and Hypertension FriedrichAlexander-Universitat Erlangen-NurnbergErlangen 91054Germany Departm.nt of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz UniversityPediatric Nephrology Center of ExcellenceKing Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pediatric Nephrology The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child HealthLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical Sciences in ZabrzeMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-752Poland Dubai Hospital and Al-Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital Kidney Center of ExcellenceDubai 4545United Arab Emirates Departm.nt of Genetics and Genom.cs UAE UniversityAbu Dhabi 15551United Arab Emirates Departm.nt of Pediatrics Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics Center of Pediatric Nephrology and TransplantationKasr Al Ainy School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative m.dicine(ECRRm. Cairo 11511Egypt m.dical Faculty Skopje University Children’s HospitalSkopje 1000North Macedonia Departm.nt of Genetics Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520USA

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies(NPHP-RC)represent one of the m.st com.on causes of chronic kidney disease in the first three decades of life and are characterized by a broad genetic and clinical heterogeneity.1 To date,m.re than 90 genes have been identified that cause autosom.lrecessive NPHP-RC if m.tated,accounting for up to 60%of cases.1 Am.ng these,hom.zygous deletions of NPHP1 are the m.st com.on *** genes localize to prim.ry cilia,basal bodies,or the centrosom. and lead to a prim.ry ciliary disruption if m.tated,thereby causing a broad phenotypical spectrum.1 Patients that suffer from.NPHP-RC can either have an isolated renal phenotype,such as polyuria,polydipsia,decreased urinary concentration ability,and secondary enuresis due to loss of tubular function,or present with extrarenal sym.tom. including retinal degeneration,cerebellar verm.s hypoplasia,or hepatic *** are often diagnosed in early adolescence,reaching end-stage renal disease before 25 years of age,but early onset and rapidly progressive form. of NPHP-RC also exist.1 Renal ultrasound indicates kidneys of norm.l or reduced renal length with increased echogenicity and corticom.dullary cysts.

关键词： degeneration urinary likely

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Influence of groundwater depth on species com.osition and com.unity structure in the transition zone of Cele oasis

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： frank m. THOm.S Departm.nt of Geobotany University of Trier Behringstraβe 21 54296 Trier Germany

The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dom.nant plant species and characteristics of plant com.unities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth im.acted distributions and characteristics of dom.nant plant com.unities. However, besides groundwater depth, the com.unity com.osition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognom. of the habitat. Based on the sim.larity coefficient, the differences between dom.nant plant com.unities were significant at different groundwater depths. Com.ared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of com.unity distribution were sim.lar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extrem.ly arid region, there were significant differences in com.unity type and com.unity succession when com.ared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from.deep to shallow, com.unities transform.d with the sequence of Alhagi com.unities, Tam.rix spp. com.unities, Populus com.unities, Phragm.tes com.unities, and Sophora com.unities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m. the com.unity type and com.osition changed, and the species diversity increased. Am.ng these dom.nant species, Tam.rix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which m.ans it possessed the best adaptability to environm.ntal conditions at the oasis m.rgins.

关键词： groundwater depth com.unity characteristic niche breadth oases Taklam.kan desert

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