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Investigating unsafe behaviours in traffic conflict situations:An observational study in Nigeria

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 482-492页

作者： Chinebuli Uzondu Samantha Jamson Frank Lai Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Department of Transport Management Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

Although road users are aware of the possible risks of engaging in unsafe behaviours while driving,they continue to do so.These behaviours often contribute to traffic incidents and crashes involving them and other road users.This study set out to analyse the effect of road user type,location and time of day on unsafe driving behaviours observed in traffic conflict situations.Data were collected by road side observation at three different locations in the eastern part of Nigeria using the traffic conflict technique(TCT).This approach was adopted to overcome the inherent problems associated with reliable,inadequate and accessible crash data in Nigeria.In total 946 traffic conflicts were observed and statistical testing showed that drivers were involved in one or more unsafe behaviours prior to these conflicts.Of all unsafe behaviours observed,the incorrect use of indicators(13.3%) and tailgating(11.3%) were found to be the most prevalent,while road user type,location and time of day were found to be statistically associated with passenger scouting and other unsafe behaviours.Tricycle drivers were significantly more likely to engage in unsafe behaviours than vehicle drivers.Drivers are also more likely to engage in unsafe behaviours on straight roads.Additionally,a greater number of these unsafe behaviours were observed during the peak periods.It is recommended that better road infrastructure,more effective regulations and enforcement,and proper road safety education could help improve traffic safety in Nigeria.

关键词： Unsafe behaviour Traffic conflict Traffic safety Crash data

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High-rate metal-free MXene microsupercapacitors on paper substrates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 94-104页

作者： Han Xue Po‐Han Huang Lee‐Lun lai Yingchun Su Axel Strömberg Gaolong Cao Yuzhu Fan Sergiy Khartsev Mats Göthelid Yan‐Ting Sun Jonas Weissenrieder Kristinn BGylfason frank Niklaus Jiantong Li School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden School of Engineering Sciences KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on paper.Herein,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser scribing.With a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper MSCs.Furthermore,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive performance.The heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.

关键词： direct ink writing femtosecond laser scribing MXene on-paper microsupercapacitors PEDOT:PSS ultrahigh rate capability

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Road-safety recognition and network equilibrium with perceived route-choice sets

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2019年第2期1卷 126-134页

作者： Mao-sheng Li He-lai Huang School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityNo.68 South Shaoshan RoadChangsha City 410075HunanChina

Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(1943),and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in network-traffic equilibrium analysis frameworks.This paper proposes a framework by which crash frequency,forecasted using the safety-analysis method or compiled from historical data for intersections,is used to measure the safety consciousness of drivers.Drivers are then classified into different groups according to their acceptable-risk thresholds,and each group has its own route-choice set.Decision behaviour whereby drivers are willing to bear additional costs in order to circumvent travel risk is incorporated into the variational inequality model based on the user equilibrium in the perceived route-choice set(UE-PRCS),which is an extension of Wardrop’s first principle.The frank–Wolfe algorithm,based on the convex combination method,is employed to obtain the solution.A small road network is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed framework,incorporating risk recognition and circumvention behaviour under different combinations of traffic demand and risk-sensitivity group ratio.The results show that the standard user equilibrium is a special case of the UE-PRCS,but that the UE traffic state is more common than the UE-PRCS under different parameters.

关键词： safety recognition risk circumvention network-equilibrium analysis perceived route-choice set

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CONSTRAINED RATIONAL CUBIC SPLINE AND ITS APPLICATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第2期19卷 143-150页

作者： Qi Duan Huan-ling Zhang Xiang lai Nan Xie Fu-hua(frank)Cheng Department of Applied Mathematics Shandong University of TechnologyJinan 250061China Department of Computer Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA

In this paper, a kind of rational cubic interpolation function with linear denominator is constructed. The constrained interpolation with constraint on shape of the interpolating curves and on the second-order derivative of the interpolating function is studied by using this interpolation, and as the consequent result, the convex interpolation conditions have been derived.

关键词： rational spline constrained design constrained interpolation convex interpolation shape control

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The Clinical Informatics in Traditional Chinese Medicine

The Clinical Informatics in Traditional Chinese Medicine

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第十四届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Han-Kuei Wu frank Lin Yu-Hsiang Tsai Tsai-Ya lai Hen-Hong Chang Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University

＜正＞Objectives To evaluate the association of medical information between traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）and western medicine（WM）for their future health care.Methods In this study,the participants were invited to accept examination by TCM diagnostic instruments（CCMQ,pulse wave analysis,tongue diagnosis and voice diagnosis）.The

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Perceived Cognitive Function Can Be a Useful Tool in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Clinics

Perceived Cognitive Function Can Be a Useful Tool in Pediatr...

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中国抗癌协会神经肿瘤专业委员会第八届学术会议

作者： Jin-Shei lai frank Zelko Zeeshan Butt David Cella John Peipert Stewart Goldman Medical Social Sciences Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University

＜正＞BACKGROUND:Cognitive dysfunction is a major concern for survivors of childhood cancer and brain tumors,which requires long-term follow-up. Although neuropsychological testing batteries can reliably identify cogn...

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An Improved Differential Evolution and Its Industrial Application

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2012年第2期4卷 81-97页

作者： Johnny Chung Yee lai frank Hung Fat Leung Sai Ho Ling Edwin Chao Shi Centre for Health Technologies Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia. Centre for Signal Processing Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China

In this paper, an improved Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates double wavelet-based operations is proposed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem. The double wavelet mutations are applied in order to enhance DE in exploring the solution space more effectively for better solution quality and stability. The first stage of wavelet operation is embedded in the DE mutation operation, in which the scaling factor is governed by a wavelet function. In the second stage, a wavelet-based mutation operation is embedded in the DE crossover operation. The trial population vectors are modified by the wavelet function. A suite of benchmark test functions is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed DE in different problems. The result shows empirically that the proposed method out-performs signifycantly the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed, solution quality and solution stability. Then the proposed method is applied to the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELD-VPL) problem, which is a process to share the power demand among the online generators in a power system for minimum fuel cost. Two different conditions of the ELD problem have been tested in this paper. It is observed that the proposed method gives satisfactory optimal costs when compared with the other techniques in the literature.

关键词： Differential Evolution Evolutionary Algorithm Economic Load Dispatch

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In situ TEM observations and molecular dynamics simulations of deformation defect activities in Mg via nanoindentation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4513-4524页

作者： Yi-Cheng lai Yubin Ying Digvijay Yadav Jose Guerrero Yong-Jie Hu Kelvin Y.Xie Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77845USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

In this work, we performed in situ nanoindentation in TEM to capture the real-time dislocation and twinning activities in pure Mg during loading and unloading. We demonstrated that the screw component of dislocations glides continuously, while the edge components rapidly become sessile during loading. The twin tip propagation is intermittent, whereas the twin boundary migration is more continuous. During unloading, we observed the elastic strain relaxation causes both dislocation retraction and detwinning. Moreover,we note that the plastic zone comprised of dislocations in Mg is well-defined, which contrasts with the diffused plastic zones observed in face-centered cubic metals under the nanoindentation impressions. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the formation and evolution of deformation-induced crystallographic defects at the early stages of indentation. We observed that,in addition to dislocations, the I1stacking fault bounded with a frank loop can be generated from the plastic zone ahead of the indenter, and potentially serve as a nucleation source for abundant dislocations observed experimentally. These new findings are anticipated to provide new knowledge on the deformation mechanisms of Mg, which are difficult to obtain through conventional ex situ approaches. These observations may serve as a baseline for simulation work that investigate the dynamics of dislocation slip and twinning in Mg and alloys.

关键词： In situ TEM Molecular dynamics simulation Dislocation Twinning Mg Nanoindentation

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唐娜·胡安卡的身体剧场

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艺术界 2015年第4期 216-216页

作者：赖非 frank Qian

身体和物件在年轻的美国艺术家唐娜·胡安卡的创作中呈现出一种微妙的平衡——两者不再是二元对立的元素而体现出一种同一性.服饰和布料是胡安卡的架上和雕塑作品的主要材料,也是她美学创作的重要灵感来源.从小时候开始便和家人在芝加... 详细信息

身体和物件在年轻的美国艺术家唐娜·胡安卡的创作中呈现出一种微妙的平衡——两者不再是二元对立的元素而体现出一种同一性.服饰和布料是胡安卡的架上和雕塑作品的主要材料,也是她美学创作的重要灵感来源.从小时候开始便和家人在芝加哥各个旧货店搜集二手衣的胡安卡相信衣物本身承载的能量和主体经验.这些为人体穿戴的功能性产物在胡安卡的创作中不只是扮演身体的延伸,同时被赋予了活物的属性.

关键词：唐娜·胡安卡艺术家艺术作品艺术创作

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Style Notebook

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明日风尚 2010年第3期 58-61页

作者： Sharon Tan Nicola lai

02Clockwork Love by Tjep,用爱凝住时间〉由frank Tjepkema和Janneke Hooymans二人创立的荷兰设计单位Tjep.,一向以玩弄古怪的空间设计为人认识,Tjep,刚于一月在荷兰阿姆斯特丹Gallery Ra举行了名为Clockwork Love的展览,这是他们于200... 详细信息

02Clockwork Love by Tjep,用爱凝住时间〉由frank Tjepkema和Janneke Hooymans二人创立的荷兰设计单位Tjep.,一向以玩弄古怪的空间设计为人认识,Tjep,刚于一月在荷兰阿姆斯特丹Gallery Ra举行了名为Clockwork Love的展览,这是他们于2002年Bling Bling首饰计划后的一个延续。沿用当年以不同图形层叠的技巧,Tjep.今次以"停止下来的时间"为主题,选用大小不同的时钟齿轮层叠起来。

关键词：荷兰设计 Style Notebook 时装设计古灵精怪绘画风格动画短片流行艺术家运动路线

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