BACKGROUND The management of proximal esophageal cancer differs from that of tumors located in the mid and lower part of the esophagus due to the close vicinity of vital ***-surgical treatment options like radiotherap...
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BACKGROUND The management of proximal esophageal cancer differs from that of tumors located in the mid and lower part of the esophagus due to the close vicinity of vital ***-surgical treatment options like radiotherapy and definitive chemoradiation(CRT)have been *** trends in(non-)surgical treatment and its impact on overall survival(OS)in patients with proximal esophageal cancer are unclear,related to its rare disease *** optimize treatment strategies and counseling of patients with proximal esophageal cancer,it is therefore essential to gain more insight through real-life *** To establish trends in treatment and OS in patients with proximal esophageal *** In this population-based study,patients with proximal esophageal cancer diagnosed between 1989 and 2014 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer *** proximal esophagus consists of the cervical esophagus and the upper thoracic section,extending to 24 cm from the *** in radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and surgery,and OS were *** were stratified by presence of distant *** Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was performed to assess the effect of period of diagnosis on OS,adjusted for patient,tumor,and treatment *** In total,2783 patients were *** the study period,the use of radiotherapy,resection,and CRT in non-metastatic disease changed from 53%,23%,and 1%in 1989-1994 to 21%,9%,and 49%in 2010-2014,*** metastatic disease,the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased over *** OS of the total population increased from 7.3 mo[95%confidence interval(CI):6.4-8.1]in 1989-1994 to 9.5 mo(95%CI:8.1-10.8)in 2010-2014(logrank P<0.001).In non-metastatic disease,5-year OS rates improved from 5%(95%CI:3%-7%)in 1989-1994 to 13%(95%CI:9%-17%)in 2010-2014(logrank P<0.001).Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated a significant treatment effect over time on ***
Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of faci...
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Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of facial bones in animals. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search was performed to retrieve animal experiments on the irradiation of facial bones that were published between January 1992 and January 2012. The search terms were “irradiation facial bone” and “irradiation osteoradionecrosis”. Results: Thirty-six publications were included. The irradiation sources were Cobalt60, orthovoltage, 4 - 6 megavolt photons, and brachytherapy. The total dose varied between 8 - 60 Gy in single or multiple fractions. The literature presents a broad range of animal studies that differ in terms of the in vivo model, irradiation, observation period, and evaluation of results. Discussion: The different animal models used leave many questions unanswered. A detailed and standardized description of the methodology and results would facilitate the comparability of future studies.
<正>The control of the epidemic of tuberculosis in Australia over the last 50 years is one of its major population health *** incidence of tuberculosis in Australia remains at 5 to 6/100000. In South Australia,among...
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<正>The control of the epidemic of tuberculosis in Australia over the last 50 years is one of its major population health *** incidence of tuberculosis in Australia remains at 5 to 6/100000. In South Australia,among the Australian born, the annual incidence has gradually fallen t0 0.9 ca- ses per 100000 *** majority of the no- tified cases occur in the over 65 age group and for children less than 15 years of age TB is now an un- common *** highlights the fact that
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