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A simple structure copolymer donor based on carboxylated benzodithiophene for polymer solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第9期65卷 1775-1781页

作者： Xiaochen Wang Rui Zhao Zicheng Ding Shengzhong(frank)Liu Yongfang Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologyShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The design and development of low-cost and efficient photovoltaic materials remain a major challenge for the research and application of polymer solar cells(PSCs).Therefore,developing efficient photovoltaic polymers with simple structure and easy preparation has become an important research *** we report a facilely synthesized electron-donating polymer X1 with a simple chemical structure,which is composed of carboxylated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT)and thiophene *** carboxylate substituents on the BDT unit endowed the polymer with appropriate solubility,low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,and superior *** PSCs based on X1 as the donor showed a high power conversion efficiency of 16.6%,with a remarkable short-circuit current density of 27.07 m A cm^(-2).These results demonstrated that X1 is a highly promising candidate for low-cost and efficient ***,this study revealed the potential of carboxylated BDT as an effective building block in the research and development of high-performance photovoltaic materials.

关键词： polymer donor carboxylate benzodithiophene(BDT) low-cost polymer solar cells(PSCs)

Organic ammonium halides enhance the performance of Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Semiconductors 2022年第12期43卷 5-8页

作者： Zhimin Fang Lixiu Zhang Shengzhong(frank)Liu Liming Ding Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry(MoE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

With the efforts of scientists around the world,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has reached 25.7%.To further improve the efficiency and break through the Shockley-Queisser(S-Q)limit,it is promising to construct all-perovskite tandem solar cells via combining wide-bandgap and narrow-bandgap perovskites[1−5].As the key light-harvesting material for the bottom cell in all-per-ovskite tandem devices,the narrow-bandgap Pb-Sn mixed per-ovskites have attracted increasing interest in recent years[6−8].However,the Pb-Sn mixed perovskites suffer from uncontrol-lable crystallization,easy oxidation of Sn2+and high defect density,which significantly limit PCE improvement[9,10].Organ-ic ammonium halides can improve the efficiency and stabil-ity of Pb-Sn mixed PSCs.

关键词： perovskite ammonium narrow

Vibration Serviceability of Large-Span Steel–Concrete Composite Beam with Precast Hollow Core Slabs Under Walking Impact

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 93-104页

作者： Jiepeng Liu Shu Huang Jiang Li Y.frank Chen School of Civil Engineering&Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Central-South Architectural Design Institute Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430071China Department of Civil Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityPA 17057USA

A large-span steel–concrete composite beam with precast hollow core slabs(CBHCSs)is a relatively new floor structure that can be applied to various long-span ***,human-induced vibrations may present serviceability issues in such *** alleviate vibrations,both the walking forces excited by humans and the associated floor responses must be *** this study,150 load–time histories of walking,excited by 25 test participants,are obtained using a force measuring *** dynamic loading factors and phase angles in the Fourier series functions for one-step walking are ***,walking tests are performed on seven CBHCS specimens to capture the essential dynamic properties of mode shapes,natural frequencies,damping ratios,and acceleration time *** CBHCS floor system generally exhibits a high frequency(>10 Hz)and low damping(damping ratio<2%).Sensitivity studies using the finite element method are conducted to investigate the vibration performance of the CBHCS floor system,where the floor thickness,steel beam type,contact time,and human weight are ***,analytical expressions derived for the fundamental frequency and peak acceleration agree well with the experimental results and are hence proposed for practical use.

关键词： Composite beam Hollow core slab Walking force Floor vibration Mode shape

Prediction of photovoltaic power output based on different non-linear autoregressive artificial neural network algorithms

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Global Energy Interconnection 2022年第2期5卷 226-235页

作者： Adriano Pamain P.V.Kanaka Rao frank Nicodem Tilya Department of Physics The University of DodomaDodomaTanzania

Prediction of power output plays a vital role in the installation and operation of photovoltaic *** this paper,two photovoltaic module technologies,amorphous silicon and copper indium gallium selenide installed outdoors on the rooftop of the University of Dodoma,located at 6.5738°S and 36.2631°E in Tanzania,were used to record the power output during the winter *** average data of ambient temperature,module temperature,solar irradiance,relative humidity,and wind speed recorded is used to predict the power output using a non-linear autoregressive artificial neural *** consider the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization,Bayesian regularization,resilient propagation,and scaled conjugate gradient algorithms to understand their abilities in training,testing and validating the data.A comparison with reference to the performance indices:coefficient of determination,root mean square error,mean absolute percentage error,and mean absolute bias error is drawn for both *** to the findings of our investigation,the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental *** the algorithms performed better,and the predicted power out of both modules using the Bayesian regularization algorithm is observed to exhibit good processing capabilities compared to the other three algorithms that are evident from the measured performance indices.

关键词： Photovoltaic Artificial neural network Training algorithms Ambient parameters Power output

Long-acting growth hormone in 2022

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第1期7卷 36-42页

作者： Margaret Steiner Jacklyn frank Paul Saenger NYU Langone Health-Long Island 101 Mineola BoulevardMineolaNew YorkUSA

After the isolation of pituitary growth hormone(GH)in 1957,this form of GH,always in limited supply,was the only drug available for the treatment of GH *** 1985,recombinant GH became available,and the modalities of GH therapies changed dramatically as the supply was *** indications for GH in pediatrics and adult medicine were *** was *** in 2021 long-acting GH(LAGH)became available the world over making GH therapy more patient-friendly and even showing slightly greater efficacy than daily GH *** are now entering a new era of LAGH therapy for pediatric and adult use with new formulations of GH,which will predictably be the preferred form of GH therapy for years to come increasing adherence to GH therapy and possibly even efficacy,that is,better growth *** continued availability of new safety data will further solidify the use of LAGH in clinical medicine.

关键词： Long-acting growth hormone Pegylation of growth hormone Prodrug of growth hormone Albumin binding of growth hormone Growth hormone fusion proteins

Next-Generation Imaging: New Insights from Multicolor Microscopy in Liver Biology and Disease

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Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 17-21页

作者： Felix Heymann Adrien Guillot Moritz Peiseler frank Tacke Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 13353Germany

*** Our current understanding of the complex biology of solid organs,such as the liver,has been tremendously advanced by a wide variety of methodological approaches based on cell biology,biochemistry,molecular biology,and *** methods such as the morphological assessment of tissue structure by histology and immunohistochemistry have generated valuable knowledge and revealed improved treatment options for various liver ***,due to recent technological advances,it has been possible to gain deeper insights into physiological and pathological tissue organization,as well as dynamic processes taking place in *** novel methods include single-cell tar-geted transcriptome analysis,mass spectrometry-based metabolite and protein expression studies,and considerable advances in two-and three-dimensional(2D/3D)*** commentary will briefly review the recent progress that has been made in the field of imaging-based liver research,highlighting the novel possibilities of high-dimensional,multiparametric imaging in two and three dimensions,as well as those of dynamic time-lapse in vitro and in vivo imaging(Fig.1).We will also highlight some potential applications of these techniques for specific research questions in liver biology and disease.

关键词： organs dimensions advances

Creating a Research Enterprise Framework for Transdisciplinary Networking to Address the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 95-100页

作者： Jie Zhuang frank E.Löffler Gary S.Sayler Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Center for Environmental Biotechnology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Microbiology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

Urbanization,population growth,and the accelerating consumption of food,energy,and water(FEW)resources bring unprecedented challenges for economic,environmental,and social(EES)*** is imperative to understand the potential impacts of FEW systems on the realization of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as the world transitions from natural ecosystems to managed ecosystems at an accelerating rate.A major obstacle is the complexity and emergent behavior of FEW systems and associated networks,for which no single discipline can generate a holistic understanding or meaningful *** propose a research enterprise framework for promoting transdisciplinarity and top-down quantification of the interrelationships between FEW and EES *** enterprise efforts would emphasize increasing FEW resource accessibility by improving coordinated interplays across sectors and scales,expanding and diversifying supply-chain networks,and innovating technologies for efficient resource *** framework can guide the development of strategic solutions for diminishing the competition among FEW-consuming sectors in a region or country,and for minimizing existing inequalities in FEW availability when a sustainable development agenda is implemented.

关键词： Food Energy Water Stakeholder Policy Environmental sustainability

SARS-CoV-2 infection and the brain:direct evidence for brain changes in milder cases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2641-2643页

作者： Nico Sollmann Ambros J.Beer frank Kirchhoff Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany Department of Nuclear Medicine Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany

Dear Editor,A recent study published in Nature by Douaud and colleagues1 shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with longitudinal effects,particularly on brain structures linked to the olfactory cortex,modestly accelerated reduction in global brain volume,and enhanced cognitive ***,even mild COVID-19 can be associated with long-lasting deleterious effects on brain structure and function.

关键词： infection cortex cases

Large eddy simulation of room fire spread using a medium scale compartment made of medium density fibreboard (MDF) panels

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Building Simulation 2022年第4期15卷 495-510页

作者： Jiayidaer Baolati Kaiyuan Li Yanyan Zou Kevin frank George Hare Jiaqing Zhang Fanliang Ge School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of TechnologyLuoshi Road 122Wuhan 430070China BRANZ Private Bog 50908Porirua 5240New Zealand Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co.LTDHefei 230601China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

At present,there is a shortage of experimental and simulation studies on fire spread in medium-and large-scale compartments while the existing models of the fire spread are limited for typical engineering *** paper proposes a new model for large-scale fire spread on medium density fibreboard(MDF)*** the model with single burning item(SBI)experiments,it is found that the numerical simulation closely predicts the experimental heat release rate(HRR)with some error near the *** predicted heat flux and distance of lateral flame spread are consistent with the experiments and an existing *** effects of kinetic properties and heat of combustion are identified through a sensitivity *** decrease of activation energy and increase of pre-exponential factor make the MDF easier to pyrolyze and the increase of heat of combustion enhances the flame temperature and thus provide more heat feedback to the sample *** low activation energy(71.9 kJ/mol)and high heat of combustion(46.5 MJ/kg)of the model ensure the occurrence of flame ***,the model was validated using medium-scale compartment fire experiments and the results showed that the model can accurately predict the HRR after flashover(the error is within 7%).While the burner is ignited,the predictions of in-compartment gas temperature and heat flux are more ***,when the burner is extinguished,the modelled in-compartment gas temperature is lower than the experimental values,resulting in a lower heat flux *** model leads to easier flame spread;therefore,the modelled flame spreads faster in the compartment compared to the experiment,and thus the HRR increases more rapidly.

关键词： flame spread compartment fire SBI numerical simulation MDF activation energy