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Creating a Research enterprise Framework for Transdisciplinary Networking to Address the Food-energy-Water Nexus

engineering 2022年第4期8卷 95-100页

作者： Jie Zhuang frank e.löffler Gary S.Sayler Department of Biosystems engineering and Soil Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Center for environmental Biotechnology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Institute for a Secure and Sustainable environment The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Microbiology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Civil and environmental engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

Urbanization,population growth,and the accelerating consumption of food,energy,and water(FeW)resources bring unprecedented challenges for economic,environmental,and social(eeS)sustainability.It is imperative to understand the potential impacts of FeW systems on the re.lization of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as the world transitions from natural ecosystems to managed ecosystems at an accelerating rate.A major obstacle is the complexity and emergent behavior of FeW systems and associated networks,for which no single discipline can generate a holistic understanding or meaningful projections.We propose a research enterprise framework for promoting transdisciplinarity and top-down quantification of the interrelationships between FeW and eeS systems.Relevant enterprise efforts would emphasize increasing FeW resource accessibility by improving coordinated interplays across sectors and scales,expanding and diversifying supply-chain networks,and innovating technologies for efficient resource utilization.This framework can guide the development of strategic solutions for diminishing the competition among FeW-consuming sectors in a region or country,and for minimizing existing inequalities in FeW availability when a sustainable development agenda is implemented.

关键词： Food energy Water Stakeholder Policy environmental sustainability

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Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： lokesh Choudhary Parama Chakraborty Banerjee R.K.Singh Raman Derrek e.lobo Christopher D.easton Mainak Majumder frank Witte Jörg F.löffler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical and Biological engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale Science and engineering laboratory(NSel) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIRO Materials Science and engineering Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia Julius Wolff Institute and Be.lin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body environment.This necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical integrity.In this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite coating.Detailed analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reve.ls that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

关键词： Graphene coating Biodegradable implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magnesium alloy

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食物-能源-水钮带关系研究能否与农业创新保持同步?

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engineering 2023年第4期23卷 24-28页

作者：庄杰, Tom Gill frank e.löffler 金明洲 Gary S.Sayler Department of Biosystems engineering and Soil Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Center for environmental Biotechnology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Institute for a Secure and Sustainable environment The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Agricultural leadership Education and CommunicationsThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Smith Center for International Agriculture The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Microbiology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Civil and environmental engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Industrial and Systems engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

1.Introduction,The interconnection among food-energy-water(FeW)systems in meeting societal demands is broadly acknowledged[1].Similarly,competitive or synergistic allocations of water and energy resources for agricultural production,manufacturing,and human consumption are understood,and their economic impacts can be predicted[2].Far less appreciated and understood are the outcomes of the FeW nexus in response to operation changes in agricultural practices and the associated technological innovations for future generations[3,4].Also,the inter-scale and feedback effects of emerging technology-driven resource re.llocation and decision-making on FeW systems are.largely unknown.For example,how do the agroeconomic feedbacks of inte.ligent technologies influence the FeW nexus of agricultural production under environmental and demographic changes?How does the necessary water allocation for powering non-powered dams and pumped-storage hydropower generation influence agricultural production and municipal water supply maintenance?How do solar and wind energy farms influence.land use for agriculture and the rural economy?

关键词： agricultural understood allocation

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Monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of the.lower Neches River, Texas, USA

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Water Science and engineering 2024年第1期17卷 21-32页

作者： Qin Qian Mengjie He frank Sun Xinyu liu Department of Civil and environmental engineering Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA Department of Industry engineering Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA Department of Computer Science Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA

Increasing bacteria levels in the.lower Neches River caused by Hurricane Harvey has been of a serious concern.This study is to analyze the historical water sampling measurements and re.l-time water quality data collected with wireless sensors to monitor and evaluate water quality under different hydrological and hydraulic conditions.The statistical and Pearson correlation analysis on historical water samples determines that alkalinity,chloride,hardness,conductivity,and pH are highly correlated,and they decrease with increasing flow rate due to dilution.The flow rate has positive correlations with escherichia coli,total suspended solids,and turbidity,which demonstrates that runoff is one of the causes of the elevated bacteria and sediment loadings in the river.The correlation between e.coli and turbidity indicates that turbidity greater than 45 nephelometric turbidity units in the Neches River can serve as a proxy for e.coli to indicate the bacterial outbreak.A series of statistical tools and an innovative two-layer data smoothing filter are developed to detect outliers,fill missing values,and filter spikes of the sensor measurements.The correlation analysis on the sensor data illustrates that the elevated sediment/bacteria/algae in the river is either caused by the first flush rain and heavy rain events in December to March or practices of land use and land cover.Therefore,utilizing sensor measurements along with rainfall and discharge data is recommended to monitor and evaluate water quality,then in turn to provide early alerts on water resources management decisions.

关键词： Water quality Pearson correlation analysis lower Neches River YSI wireless sensors Non-point pollution

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A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.S.Martins Sergio A.Prats Jan J.Keizer Centre for environmental and Marine Studies(CeSAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedestals have.long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash erosion.In rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth century.In agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'erosion.little work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil loss.We postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their populations.This analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate results.The three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed pedestals.In the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be reve.led as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin size.This concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt plantation.We measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available.literature.Soil pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the method.It is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving factor behind the observed discrepancies.We discuss

关键词： Soil pedestals Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Char

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energetic and entropic Changes in Volume Work and Chemical Reactions

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Advances in Chemical engineering and Science 2024年第1期14卷 8-47页

作者： frank Diederichs Independent Researcher Schwarmstedt Germany

In the present study, energetic and entropic changes are investigated on a comparative basis, as they occur in the volume changes of an ide.l gas in the Carnot cycle and in the course of the chemical reaction in a lead-acid battery. Differences between reversible and irreversible processes have been worked out, in particular between reversibly exchanged entropy (∆eS) and irreversibly produced entropy (∆iS). In the partially irreversible case, ∆eS and ∆iS add up to the sum ∆S for the volume changes of a gas, and only this function has an exact differential. In a chemical reaction, however, ∆eS is independent on reversibility. It arises from the different intramolecular energy contents between products and reactants. entropy production in a partially irreversible Carnot cycle is brought about through work-free expansions, whereas in the irreversible battery reaction entropy is produced via activated complexes, whereby a certain, variable fraction of the available chemical energy becomes transformed into electrical energy and the remaining fraction dissipated into heat. The irreversible reaction process via activated complexes has been explained phenomenologically. For a sufficiently high power output of coupled reactions, it is essential that the input energy is not completely reversibly transformed, but rather partially dissipated, because this can increase the process velocity and consequently its power output. A reduction of the counter potential is necessary for this purpose. This is not only important for man-made machines, but also for the viability of ce.ls.

关键词： exchanged entropy entropy Production Coupled Reactions Activated Complexes Power Output

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Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 199-214页

作者： laura J.Brylka Assil-Ramin Alimy Miriam e.A.Tschaffon-Müller Shan Jiang Tobias Malte Ballhause Anke Baranowsky Simon von Kroge Julian Delsmann eva Pawlus Kian eghbalian Klaus Püschel Astrid Schoppa Melanie Haffner-luntzer David J.Beech frank Timo Be.l Michael Amling Johannes Ke.ler Anita Ignatius Timur A.Yorgan Tim Rolvien Thorsten Schinke Department of Oste.logy and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics University Medical Center UlmBadenWürttemberg89081 UlmGermany Department legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUK

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of ce.l types.While we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage ce.ls is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in cartilage.Here we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)development.Mice with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate postnatally.Moreover,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were.located close to the growth plates.While skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were marke.ly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of age.likewise,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate.ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage degeneration.Importantly,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) mice.We further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human osteophytes.Finally,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in chondrocytes.Collectively,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

关键词： Piezo1 marke.ly ossification

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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah J.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwe.l-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta leyton Román Cameron Plate.l Michael levitt Christobel Saunders frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale Jacob McCormick Craig lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for He.lth Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population He.lth Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied He.lth Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied He.lth South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision He.lth University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.John of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of He.lth and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with he.lth coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in Australia.Methods:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control arms.Intervention participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone he.lth coaching sessions.Control participants received PA print materials.Accelerometer assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary behavior.Results:eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention group.Both groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group differences.Conclusion:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based he.lth coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based he.lth coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change exercise He.lth disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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Continent-wide vocal leapfrog pattern in Collared Scops Owls obfuscates species boundaries

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 565-571页

作者： Meng Yue Wu frank e.Rheindt Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore16 Science Drive 4SingaporeRep Department of environmental Sciences Zoological InstituteUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland

Much confusion has surrounded the taxonomy of the Collared Scops Owl(Otus bakkamoena)complex,distributed widely across tropical and subtropical Asia.Often divided into three species,modern taxonomies disagree on its treatment,as a lack of deep mitochondrial DNA divergence is seemingly in contrast with patterns of vocal differentiation.Analysing a dataset of territorial calls of 122 individuals across Asia,we identified a vocal leapfrog pattern in which owl populations at the eastern and western ends of the distribution sound more similar to each other but are separated by different-sounding populations in between.The boundaries between vocal types are not congruent with traditional species boundaries.Our data allow for a re-drawing of species boundaries and reve.l that Collared Scops Owls follow a biogeographic pattern rare in Southeast Asian birds.However,this pattern is shared with several other owl complexes in that peninsular Malaysian populations form part of a continental Asian species centred further north in Southeast Asia rather than forming part of a Sundaic species centred in the adjacent Indonesian Archipelago.

关键词： Asia Biogeography Species delimitation Taxonomy Bioacoustics

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Confirmation of a Sub-Saturn-size Transiting exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B from TeSS

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 129-143页

作者： Jia-Qi Wang Xiao-Jun Jiang Jie Zheng Hanna Ke.lermann Arno Riffeser liang Wang Karen A.Collins Allyson Bieryla lars A.Buchhave Steve B.Howe.l elise Furlan eric Girardin Joao Gregorio eric Jensen Felipe Murgas Mesut Yilmaz Sam Quinn Xing Gao Ruo-Yu Zhou frank Grupp Hui-Juan Wang CAS Key laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy Of SciencesBeijing 10010China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University Observatory Munich Scheinertrsse 1.D-81679 MunichGemany Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr.1D-85748 GarchingGermany National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210042China CAS Key laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China Center for Astrophysics Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden Street.CambridgeMA 02138USA National Space Institute Technical University of DenmarkElektrovejDK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA NASA exoplanet Science Institute Caltech/IPACMail Code 100-221200 E.California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA Grand Pra Observatory Switzerland Department of Physics Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130.USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePA 19081USA Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(IAC) E-38205 La Laguna.TenerifeSpain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La LagunaSpain Dept.of Astronomy and Space Sciences Ankara UniversityTandogan 06100AnkaraTurkey Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Urumqi No.1 Senior High School Urumqi 830002China lijiang Gemini Observatory Lijiang 674199China

We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 *** candidates provided by the Transiting exoplanet Survey Sate.lite(TeSS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TeSS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).

关键词： planets and sate.lites fundamental parameters-planets and sate.lites gaseous planets-stars fundamental parameters-stars low-mass-methods data analysis-techniques photometric-techniques spectroscopic

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