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Interaction between local corrosion and flow field of natural gas long-distance pipeline by artificial rectangular defect pit

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第6期29卷 1026-1038页

作者： Zhuo-wei Tan Zhen-bo Wang Shu-yu Bai Da-lei Zhang Sheng-zhu Zhang frank cheng Shao-hua Xing You-hai Jin China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105HunanChina School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing 100012China University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada State Key for Marine Corrosion and Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteQingdao 266237ShandongChina

The corrosive environment in long-distance natural gas pipeline was simulated by the online high shear stress flow test platform.The interaction between flow fields and local corrosion in different local corrosion stages was studied by machining different depths rectangular defect pit(RDP)on X80 pipe steel specimens.The electrochemical signals of each specimen under high shear stress flow were measured online using an integrated three-electrode and electrochemical system.Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the corrosion scale of X80 pipeline steel in CO_(2)-saturated National Association of Corrosion Engineers solution was composed of FeCO_(3).The scanning electron microscope images displayed variations in microstructure of the corrosion scale at different RDP depths and different areas.The flow field fluctuations induced by RDP were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics simulations and the development of local corrosion pits was discussed in terms of integrity of corrosion scale,convective mass transfer,and diffusion mass transfer.

关键词： CO_(2) corrosion Flow condition Rectangular defect pit Local corrosion Corrosion electrochemistry

Development mechanism of internal local corrosion of X80 pipeline steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 186-201页

作者： Zhuowei Tan Liuyang Yang Dalei Zhang Zhenbo Wang frank cheng Mingyang Zhang Youhai Jin China University of Petroleum(East China) 266580ShandongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)266580ShandongChina University of Calgary CalgaryAB CANT2N 1N4Canada School of Thermal Engineering Shandong Jianzhu University250101ShandongChina

The occurrence and development mechanism of internal local corrosion has always been a controversial topic,and especially under flow conditions.In this paper,an improved high shear force loop was experimentally used,and local flow field is induced by simulating corrosion defects on the surface of X80 pipeline steel specimens.The characteristics of corrosion products deposited on the surface of specimens in CO2-saturated NACE solution were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The 3D micromorphology of the corrosion test surface after remove the corrosion scale used to measure the size of localized corrosion pit.Under the influence of local defects,the wall shear stress(WSS)and turbulent kinetic energy of local flow fields enhanced significantly,and pressure fluctuations in local flow field were induced.The results showed that the characteristics of surface corrosion products varied with flow velocity.The corrosion scales formed in various regions of specimens with defects exhibited different surface micro-morphologies and chemical compositions.Overall,these data offer new perspectives for better understanding the mechanisms behind local corrosion.

关键词： X80 pipeline steel CO2 corrosion Flow conditions Surface defects Wall shear stress Cavitation

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含双腐蚀缺陷管道的氢浓度分布模拟

中国腐蚀与防护学报 2024年第2期44卷 335-344页

作者：郭诗雯吴浩志董绍华陈林程玉峰中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院北京102249 中国石油大学(北京)应急管理部油气生产安全与应急技术重点实验室北京102249 Schulich School of Engineering University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4

为了研究含双腐蚀缺陷管道上的氢浓度分布规律,本文建立了应力场和氢扩散场耦合的有限元模型,针对双腐蚀缺陷间的应力耦合行为,探究了腐蚀缺陷长度、缺陷间距以及管道所受拉伸应变对管材中氢扩散富集行为的影响机制。结果表明,腐蚀缺陷... 详细信息

为了研究含双腐蚀缺陷管道上的氢浓度分布规律,本文建立了应力场和氢扩散场耦合的有限元模型,针对双腐蚀缺陷间的应力耦合行为,探究了腐蚀缺陷长度、缺陷间距以及管道所受拉伸应变对管材中氢扩散富集行为的影响机制。结果表明,腐蚀缺陷的存在导致氢原子在管道内发生局部富集,富集区最大氢浓度数值随拉伸应变的增大和缺陷长度的减小而升高,同时,最大氢浓度位置发生改变。而双缺陷在间距足够大时不再对氢扩散和富集产生叠加影响,可看作两个独立的缺陷。研究成果为含双腐蚀缺陷管道在输氢环境中的安全评价提供了理论支撑。

关键词：双腐蚀缺陷氢分布有限元模拟 X52 管线钢

Standards and methods for dent assessment and failure prediction of pipelines:A critical review

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Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 3029-3045页

作者： Jian Zhao Yun-Rong Lv Y.frank cheng Dept.of Mechanical&Manufacturing Engineering University of CalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Petrochemical Corrosion and Safety Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingGuangdongChina

Dent,a common mechanical damage on pipelines,is associated with a significant local plastic deformation.Dents can cause pipeline failures,especially when they are combined with other types of defects such as gouges,fatigue,corrosion,and cracks.In this work,a systematic review of various assessment methods and standards for pipeline dents,including the combination of a dent with other defects,is conducted.Generally,the methods available today are not sufficiently accurate and reliable to assess pipeline dents,especially the dent-defect combinations.For plain dents on pipelines,both the depthbased criterion and the strain-based criterion are commonly used in engineering.Their main problems include inaccuracy and conservatism.For a dent combined with other defects,the existing assessment techniques are not mature enough to give reliable results.Both experimental testing and numerical modeling through finite element(FE)analysis are capable of investigating the influence of dents and dent-defect combinations on burst failure pressure of the pipelines,although an approximation to the reality is still the main difficulty existing in the experimental testing and FE analysis.Nowadays,relevant studies on assessment techniques for plain dents,a dent with fatigue and a dent with a single gouge have been common in literature.The combinations of a dent with corrosion or cracks have been rarely assessed due to complicated mechanisms involving a multi-physics coupling effect.Development of novel assessment methods by integrating mechanical stress and strain,electrochemical reactions and steel metallurgy will be a key topic to accurately assess the dent-defect combinations for improved pipeline integrity.

关键词： Dents Pipelines Assessment techniques Burst failure pressure Dent-defect combinations

Synergistic effects of Nb and Mo on hydrogen-induced cracking of pipeline steels:A combined experimental and numerical study

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第27期158卷 156-170页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Luming Qi Shilong Liu Zhixian Peng Y.frank cheng Feng Huang Jing Liu The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Institute of Advanced Steels and Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Marine Materials and Service Safety Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China

The synergistic effects of Nb and Mo on hydrogen-induced cracking(HIC)of pipeline steels were studied experimentally and numerically.The results showed that Mo was primarily segregated at grain-boundaries(GBs)or solid-dissolved in the matrix,while most Nb and a small amount of Mo formed dis-persed(Nb,Mo)C nano-precipitates and refined the microstructure.Compared with Nb alloying,the multi-ple additions of Nb-Mo played dual roles in affecting H diffusion:primarily,the H-traps densities such as GBs,precipitates,and solute Mo atoms increased,providing an advantage;however,Mo slightly reduced the H-trapping capacity of precipitates,playing an adverse role.Nonetheless,the beneficial effects far outweighed the adverse effects,thereby reducing H diffusivity and inhibiting crack initiation.Addition-ally,Nb and Mo hindered crack propagation synergistically as follows:(i)Mo enhanced GB cohesion by repelling H,impeding intergranular cracking and hydrogen-enhanced decohesion(HEDE);(ii)Nb reduced the proportion of3/high-angle grain boundaries,increasing cracking resistance;(iii)(Nb,Mo)C precip-itates impeded H-dislocation interactions,reducing the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity(HELP).

关键词： Hydrogen-induced cracking Nb-Mo microalloying Hydrogen permeation Precipitate Pipeline steel

X70管线钢近中性pH应力腐蚀的微区电化学行为研究

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防腐保温技术 2010年第3期18卷 1-8,29页

作者：唐晓李焰 frank cheng 中国石油大学（华东）机电工程学院山东东营257061 Department of Mechanical ＆ Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

本文采用扫描振动微电极和局部电化学交流阻抗谱测试了近中性pH环境中X70管线钢平滑试样及裂纹尖端发生的局部溶解电化学行为，用来确定并量化应力和氢以及它们对阳极溶解的协同作用在裂纹扩展中的作用。研究结果表明，外加拉伸应力能... 详细信息

本文采用扫描振动微电极和局部电化学交流阻抗谱测试了近中性pH环境中X70管线钢平滑试样及裂纹尖端发生的局部溶解电化学行为，用来确定并量化应力和氢以及它们对阳极溶解的协同作用在裂纹扩展中的作用。研究结果表明，外加拉伸应力能够提高管线钢的阳极溶解速度，应力较小时，应力加速溶解并不明显；应力提高到80％屈服强度时，管线钢的阳极溶解速度显著提升。裂纹或者裂纹状缺陷的存在会引起应力集中因而会导致加速局部阳极溶解速度。当预制裂纹CT试样受到3000N拉力时，裂尖的应力影响阳极溶解因子高达3．6，而低应力区域只有1．10。近中性pH环境中氢与应力对管线钢在的阳极溶解的联合作用，这对裂纹的扩展起到了决定性的作用。受到525MPa应力的平滑试样在不同电流密度0．1mA／cm^2，1mA／cm^2，5mA／cm^2，10mA／cm^2和20mA／cm^2充氢后，氢与应力对阳极溶解的协同影响因子，分别是1．048，1．668，2．568，3．976和5．437。

关键词：管线钢应力腐蚀微区电化学扫描振动电极局部电化学交流阻抗谱

Q235钢和X70管线钢在北美山地灰钙土中的短期腐蚀行为

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北京科技大学学报 2013年第8期35卷 1021-1026页

作者：刘智勇王力伟杜翠薇王福明弓爱君李晓刚 frank cheng 北京科技大学腐蚀与防护中心教育部腐蚀与防护重点实验室北京100083 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院北京100083 北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院北京100083 卡尔加里大学机械工程与制造系

通过腐蚀失重速率试验、腐蚀形貌特征的扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析以及土壤理化性质分析等手段研究了国产Q235钢和X70管线钢在加拿大中南部的山地灰钙土中实地埋样试验一年后的短期腐蚀行为特征.结果发现Q235钢和X70钢的平均腐蚀速率... 详细信息

通过腐蚀失重速率试验、腐蚀形貌特征的扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析以及土壤理化性质分析等手段研究了国产Q235钢和X70管线钢在加拿大中南部的山地灰钙土中实地埋样试验一年后的短期腐蚀行为特征.结果发现Q235钢和X70钢的平均腐蚀速率和最大点蚀深度均比较接近,但Q235钢点蚀密度明显高于X70钢;两种钢的腐蚀产物成分类似,均为FeOOH、Fe3O4和Fe2O3的复杂混合物,腐蚀产物层不致密,存在明显的裂纹;两种钢表层土壤中均发现较多的硫酸盐还原菌、硫化菌和异养菌,这些菌群的共同作用能够加速腐蚀产物层下局部腐蚀的发生.

关键词：管线钢碳钢钢腐蚀土壤细菌点蚀

Modeling and analysis of a catastrophic oil spill and vapor cloud explosion in a confined space upon oil pipeline leaking

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Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 556-566页

作者： Shengzhu Zhang Xu Wang Y.frank cheng Jian Shuai China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing 100012China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis,field surveys,and numerical simulations.The total amount of the spilled oil was up to2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal.The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion.A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results.The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m,respectively,which are consistent with the field investigation.The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill,properties of oil,and volatilization time.It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space.Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.

关键词： Pipeline leaking Oil spill Vapor cloud explosion Confined space Consequence analysis

CONSTRAINED RATIONAL CUBIC SPLINE AND ITS APPLICATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第2期19卷 143-150页

作者： Qi Duan Huan-ling Zhang Xiang Lai Nan Xie Fu-hua(frank)cheng Department of Applied Mathematics Shandong University of TechnologyJinan 250061China Department of Computer Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA

In this paper, a kind of rational cubic interpolation function with linear denominator is constructed. The constrained interpolation with constraint on shape of the interpolating curves and on the second-order derivative of the interpolating function is studied by using this interpolation, and as the consequent result, the convex interpolation conditions have been derived.

关键词： rational spline constrained design constrained interpolation convex interpolation shape control