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Combined Effects of Compost,Supraxone and Lambda-Super on Soil Microbial Activity under Pluvial Cultivation of Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第1期7卷 107-117页

作者： Paul W.Savadogo Yacouba Zi Abdoul K.Sanou Hassan B.Nacro francois lompo Et Michel P.Sedogo Laboratoire Sol-Eau-plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut du Développement Rural Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols(LERF)Université Nazi BoniBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso

Sesame cultivation is strategic for the economy of Burkina Faso. Indeed, after cotton, sesame is the second most important agricultural product for exportation. However, its production is limited by plant diseases and pest attacks. Facing this situation, large amounts of pesticides are used to boost productivity. But, these chemicals have a negative impact on soil fertility. In this instance, the effects of Supraxone and Lambda-super in the presence of compost on soil microbial activity under rainfed sesame cultivation in a peasant environment were studied. The experiment design was a block of Fisher (BCR) comparing the non-treated parcel (TNT) to the parcel amended only with compost (C) and to the parcel amended with compost and treated with the pesticides (C + P), respectively. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0 - 20 cm before sowing at 41st and 81st days after sowing. Respiratory activity and soil microbial biomass were monitored respectively by respirometric tests and by the fumigation-incubation method. The results show that the addition of compost into the soil with or without supraxone treatment and Lambda-super resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and soil respiratory quotient. These results show that the provision of compost in sufficient quantity corrects the inhibitory effect of soil biological activity by pesticides.

关键词： Supraxone Lambda-Super Sesamum indicum L. Burkina Faso Respiratory Quotient Microbial Biomass

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Treatable causes of fever among children under five years in a seasonal malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 583-592页

作者： francois Kiemde Marc Christian Tahita Palpouguini lompo Toussaint Rouamba Athanase M.Some Halidou Tinto Petra F.Mens Henk D.F.H.Schallig Michael Boele van Hensbroek Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sante-Unite de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro NanoroBurkina Faso Academic Medical Centre Department of Medical MicrobiologyParasitology UnitAmsterdamThe Netherlands Global Child Health Group Academic Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:Fever remains a major public health problem.In Burkina Faso,more than half of febrile children are considered not to be infected by malaria.This study prospectively assessed probable(treatable)causes of fever in Burkinabe children.Methods:A prospective study was conducted among febrile children(≥37.5°C)under 5 years of age presenting at four health facilities and one referral hospital in rural Burkina Faso.From each participant,blood was collected for malaria microscopy and culture,urine for dipstick testing and culturing if tested positive for leucocytes and nitrite,stool for rotavirus/adenovirus testing,culture and parasitology,and a nasopharyngeal swab for culture.Results:In total 684 febrile children were included in the study.Plasmodium falciparum malaria was found in 49.7%(340/684)of the participants and non-malaria infections in 49.1%(336/684)of children.The non-nalaria infections included gastro-intestinal infections(37.0%),common bacterial pathogens of nasopharynx(24.3%),bacterial bloodstream infections(6.0%)and urinary tract infections(1.8%).Nearly 45%(154/340)of the malaria infected children were co-infected with non-nalaria infections,but only 3.2%(11/340)of these co-infections could be considered as a possible alternative cause of fever.In contrast,in the malaria microscopy negative children 18.0%(62/344)of the infections could be the probable cause of the fever.Pathogens were not isolated from 23.7%(162/684)of the febrile cases.Conclusions:Malaria remains the most common pathogen found in febrile children in Burkina Faso.However,a relative high number of febrile children had non-malaria infections.The correct diagnosis of these non-malaria fevers is a major concern,and there is an urgent need to develop more point-of-care diagnostic tests and capacities to identify and treat the causes of these fevers.

关键词： Fever Children Infectious diseases Malaria

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