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Stiffness of individual quadriceps muscle assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography during passive stretching

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第2期7卷 245-249页

作者： Jingfei Xu francois Hug Siu Ngor Fu Department of Rehabilitation Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China The University of Queensland NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain Injury and Health School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Brisbane 4072 Australia Laboratory "'Movement Interactions Performance " (EA 4334) University of Nantes Nantes 44000 France

Background: Until recently it has not been possible to isolate the mechanical behavior of individual muscles during passive stretching. Muscle shear modulus(an index of muscle stiffness) measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to estimate changes in stiffness of an individual muscle. The aims of the present study were(1) to determine the shear modulus—knee angle relationship and the slack angle of the vastus medialis oblique(VMO), rectus femoris(RF), and vastus lateralis(VL) muscles;(2) to determine whether this differs between the ***: Nine male rowers took part in the study. The shear modulus of VMO, RF, and VL muscles was measured while the quadriceps was passively stretched at 3°/s. The relationship between the muscle shear modulus and knee angle was plotted as shear modulus—knee angle curve through which the slack angle of each muscle was ***: The shear modulus of RF was higher than that of VMO and VL when the muscles were stretched over 54°(all p 0.05). The slack angle was similar among the muscles: 41.3°± 10.6°, 44.3°± 9.1°, and 44.3°± 5.6° of knee flexion for VMO, RF, and VL, respectively(p = 0.626).Conclusion: This is the first study to experimentally determine the muscle mechanical behavior of individual heads of the quadriceps during passive stretching. Different pattern of passive tension was observed between mono-and bi-articular muscles. Further research is needed to determine whether changes in muscle stiffness are muscle-specific in pathological conditions or after interventions such as stretching protocols.

关键词： Muscle tension Optimal length Shear modulus Slack angle Stretch Ultrasonography Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis

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3D modeling of transformation of gaseous pollutants in the high-pressure turbine of an aircraft engine

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Trung Hieu Nguyen Phuong Nguyen-Tri francois Garnier Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure(ETS)MontrealQuebecH3C 1K3Canada Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresUniversity of QuebecTrois-Rivières(Québec)G9A 5H7Canada

Aircraft emissions contribute to global climate change and regional air pollution near *** the formation and the transformation of emissions in the aircraft engine is essential to properly quantify the environmental impact and air ***,precise investigation of chemical process in the turbine is challenging because of the complexity of the transformation process in the complex flow relating to the moving blade at high temperature and high *** present here,the first published model study of 3D chemical formations inside a high-pressure turbine and first time to compare three numerical solutions(1D,2D and 3D calculations)of transformation of trace species inside an aircraft *** model has simulated the evolution of principal precursor pollutant gases(NOx and SOx)and other species(hydrogen,oxygen species and carbon oxides).Our results also indicated strong dissimilarities in chemical transformations of 3D *** comparing the three solutions,the results obtained showed that the difference of mole fractions of species can be under predicted by 75%between 1D and 2D calculations and in the comparison of 2D and 3D calculation,the under predicted difference may be 90%.

关键词： Gaseous pollutants High-pressure turbine Aircraft engine 3D modeling

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Sequencing of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis： perspectives and approaches

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1871-1874页

作者： francois Grand'Maison Michael Yeung Sarah A. Morrow Liesly Lee francois Emond Brian J. Ward Pierre Laneuville Robyn Schecter Neuro Rive-Sud Hospital Charles LeMoyne Greenfield Park Quebec Canada Clinical Neurosciences Foothills Medical Centre Calgary Alberta Canada London Health Sciences Center (LHSC) Western University London Ontario Canada Department of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec - hospital de l'Enfant-Jesus Quebec City Quebec Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Dotal Quebec Canada

Multiple sclerosis（MS） is characterized by chronic inflammation in conjunction with neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Most individuals with MS begin with a relapsing remitting course that later transitions to secondary progressive MS. Currently available disease-modifying therapies（DMTs） for relapsing MS have been demonstrated to reduce disease activity, however most patients require a change in therapy over the course of their disease. Treatment goals include the prevention of relapses and disability accumulation and to achieve this objective requires careful planning. Sequencing of DMTs for individual patients should be designed in such a way to maximize disease control and minimize risk based on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of each therapy. This includes the DMT patients are being switched from to those they are being switched to. The reversibility of immune system effects should be a key consideration for DMT sequence selection. This feature varies across DMTs and should factor more prominently in decision making as newer treatments become available for the prevention of disability accumulation in patients with progressive MS. In this short review, we discuss the landscape of existing therapies with an eye to the future when planning for optimal DMT sequencing. While no cure exists for MS, efforts are being directed toward research in neuroregeneration with the hope for positive outcomes.

关键词： relapsing multiple sclerosis high efficacy disease-modifying therapies treatment optimization treatment sequencing therapeutic inertia sub-optimal treatment progressive disease immune effects

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Impact of obesity treatment on gastroesophageal refluxdisease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1627-1638页

作者： Abraham Khan Aram Kim Cassandra Sanossian Fritz francois Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States New York University School of Medicine New YorkNY 10016United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a frequently encountered disorder. Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD, and there are several pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two conditions. For obese patients with GERD, much of the treatment effort is focused on weight loss and its consistent benefit to symptoms, while there is a relative lack of evidence regarding outcomes after novel or even standard medical therapy is offered to this population. Physicians are hesitant to recommend operative anti-reflux therapy to obese patients due to the potentially higher risks and decreased efficacy, and these patients instead are often considered for bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgical approaches are broadening, and each technique has emerging evidence regarding its effect on both the risk and outcome of GERD. Furthermore, combined antireflux and bariatric options are now being offered to obese patients with GERD. However, currently Rouxen-Y gastric bypass remains the most effective surgical treatment option in this population, due to its consistent benefits in both weight loss and GERD itself. This article aims to review the impact of both conservative and aggressive approaches of obesity treatment on GERD.

关键词： Obesity Gastroesophageal reflux disease Fundoplication Sleeve gastrectomy Gastric banding Gastric bypass

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Dietary proline supplementation alters colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition between days 45 and 70 of pregnancy in Huanjiang mini-pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 370-380页

作者： Yujiao Ji Qiuping Guo Yulong Yin francois Blachier Xiangfeng Kong National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China Research Center of Mini-pig Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst EcosystermsHuanjiangGuangxi 547100China UMR 914 INRA/AgroParisTech/Universite Paris-Sacaly Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior75005 ParisFrance

Background: Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of ***: Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased(P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower(P < 0.05), and butyrate level(P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine(P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine(P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine(P = 0.05) and total bioamine(P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower(P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy.(Continued on next page)(Continued from previous page)Conclusion: These findings i

关键词： Bacterial metabolites Colonic microbiota L-proline Pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs

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Monotonic Diamond and DDFV Type Finite-Volume Schemes for 2D Elliptic Problems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第7期34卷 456-502页

作者： Xavier Blanc francois Hermeline Emmanuel Labourasse Julie Patela UniversitéParis Cité Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire Jacques-Louis LionsF-75013 ParisFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEA DAM DIFLaboratoire en Informatique Haute Performance pour le Calcul et la Simulation91297 ArpajonFrance

The DDFV(Discrete Duality Finite Volume)method is a finite volume scheme mainly dedicated to diffusion problems,with some outstanding *** scheme has been found to be one of the most accurate finite volume methods for diffusion *** the present paper,we propose a new monotonic extension of DDFV,which can handle discontinuous tensorial diffusion ***,we compare its performance to a diamond type method with an original interpolation method relying on polynomial *** is achieved by adapting the method of Gao et al[A finite volume element scheme with a monotonicity correction for anisotropic diffusion problems on general quadrilateral meshes]to our *** a technique does not require the positiveness of the secondary *** show that the two new methods are second-order accurate and are indeed monotonic on some challenging benchmarks as a Fokker-Planck problem.

关键词： Finite volume method anisotropic diffusion monotonic method DDFV scheme

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Exact solitary wave solutions of a nonlinear Schrdinger equation model with saturable-like nonlinearities governing modulated waves in a discrete electrical lattice

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第12期27卷 420-430页

作者： Serge Bruno Yamgoue Guy Roger Deffo Eric Tala-Tebue francois Beceau Pelap Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College BambiliThe University ofBamendaP.O.Box 39Bamenda Cameroon Unite de Recherche de Mecanique et de Modelisation des Systemes Physiques (UR-2MSP) Faculte des SciencesUniversite de DschangBP 69DschangCameroun Department of Telecommunication and Network Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of TechnologyThe University of DschangP.O.Box 134BandjounCameroon

In this paper, we introduce and propose exact and explicit analytical solutions to a novel model of the nonlinear Schr¨odinger(NLS) equation. This model is derived as the equation governing the dynamics of modulated cutoff waves in a discrete nonlinear electrical lattice. It is characterized by the addition of two terms that involve time derivatives to the classical equation. Through those terms, our model is also tantamount to a generalized NLS equation with saturable;which suggests that the discrete electrical transmission lines can potentially be used to experimentally investigate wave propagation in media that are modeled by such type of nonlinearity. We demonstrate that the new terms can enlarge considerably the forms of the solutions as compared to similar NLS-type equations. Sine–Gordon expansion-method is used to derive numerous kink, antikink, dark, and bright soliton solutions.

关键词： nonlinear Schrdinger equation nonlinear time derivative terms saturable nonlinearity exact solitary solutions

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Exact transverse solitary and periodic wave solutions in a coupled nonlinear inductor-capacitor network

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第9期27卷 434-443页

作者： Serge Bruno Yamgoué Guy Roger Deffo Eric Tala-Tebue francois Beceau Pelap Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College Bambili the University of Bamenda Unité de Recherche de Mécanique et de Modélisation des Systèmes Physiques (UR-2MSP) Faculté des Sciences Université de Dschang Department of Telecommunication and Network Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology The University of Dschang P.O. Box 134 Bandjoun Cameroon

Through two methods, we investigate the solitary and periodic wave solutions of the differential equation describing a nonlinear coupled two-dimensional discrete electrical lattice. The fixed points of our model equation are examined and the bifurcations of phase portraits of this equation for various values of the front wave velocity are presented. Using the sineGordon expansion method and classic integration, we obtain exact transverse solutions including breathers, bright solitons,and periodic solutions.

关键词： nonlinear electrical lattices two-dimensional network sine-Gordon expansion exact transverse solitary wave solutions

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THE RANDOM BATCH METHOD FOR N-BODY QUANTUM DYNAMICS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第6期39卷 897-922页

作者： francois Golse Shi Jin Thierry Paul Ecole polytechnique CMLS91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance School of Mathematical Sciences Institute of Natural SciencesMOE-LSCShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Sorbonne Universite CNRSUniversite de ParisINRIALaboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions75005 ParisFrance

This paper discusses a numerical method for computing the evolution of large interacting system of quantum *** idea of the random batch method is to replace the total interaction of each particle with the N−1 other particles by the interaction with p≪N particles chosen at random at each time step,multiplied by(N−1)/*** reduces the computational cost of computing the interaction potential per time step from O(N^(2))to O(N).For simplicity,we consider only in this work the case p=1—in other words,we assume that N is even,and that at each time step,the N particles are organized in N/2 pairs,with a random reshuffling of the pairs at the beginning of each time *** obtain a convergence estimate for the Wigner transform of the single-particle reduced density matrix of the particle system at time t that is both uniform in N>1 and independent of the Planck constant h̵.The key idea is to use a new type of distance on the set of quantum states that is reminiscent of the Wasserstein distance of exponent 1(or Monge-Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance)on the set of Borel probability measures on Rd used in the context of optimal transport.

关键词： Time-dependent Schrodinger equations Random batch method Mean-field limit Wasserstein distance

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Gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism against cannibalism and intraguild predation

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Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 612-620页

作者： Claudia Roberge Bruno Frechette Genevieve Labrie francois Dumont Eric Lucas Universite du Quebec a Montreal Departement des Sciences Biologiques CP 8888 Succ. Centre Ville Montreal Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc (CEROM) 740 chemin Trudeau St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil Quebec J3G OE2 Canada

Coccinellid pupae use an array of defensive strategies against their natural enemies. This study aims to assess the efficiency of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against intraguild predators and cannibals in coccinellid. The study was designed specifically （i） to determine the natural occurrence of gregarious pupation in the field for different coccinellid species, and （ii） to evaluate the adaptive value of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against 2 types of predators （i.e., cannibals and intraguild predators）. In the field, gregarious pupation consisted of a group of 2-5 pupae. The proportion of gregarious pupation observed varied according to species, the highest rate being observed with Harmonia axyridis Pallas （Coccinellidae; 14.17%）. Gregarious pupation had no impact on the probability that intraguild predators and cannibals locate pupae. Intraguild predation occurred more often in site with gregarious pupation, while cannibalism occurred as often in site with gregarious pupation as in site with isolated pupa. However, for a specific pupa, the mortality rate was higher for isolated pupae than for pupae located in a gregarious pupation site both in the presence of intraguild predators and in the presence of cannibals. The spatial location of pupae within the group had no impact on mortality rate. Since it reduces the risk of predation, it is proposed that gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism for 11. axyridis pupae.

关键词： attack abatement Coccinellidae dilution effect encounter effect grouping behavior Pentatomidae Selfish herd

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