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A Probable Connection between a Bitumen Sample from the Western Niger Delta and Isan Well Sample from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) Shale

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第12期12卷 1081-1092页

作者： Selegha Abrakasa Koffi Eugene Kouadio franck-hilaire essiagne Emma Laure Oura Department of Geology University of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouë t-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Civil Engineering Geoscience and Geographic Sciences Laboratory Yamoussoukro Cote d’Ivoire Center of Analysis and Research PETROCI Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

An earlier study of GC-MS analysis on bitumen samples from the Agbabu area in Western Niger Delta showed the significant presence of gammacerane and no Oleanane and is suggested to be generated from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) source rock, however, twelve core samples were obtained from the geological survey of Nigeria for both optical geochemical and biomarker analysis, two of the samples from Isan-9 well indicated the presence of Botryococcus braunii a freshwater alga which is characteristic of a lacustrine lake type environment. The extracts from the same core showed m/z = 191 chromatogram with the significant presence of gammacerane which is diagnostic for stratified water columns and characterizes a typical lake environment. However, the m/z = 191 chromatogram also shows the presence of Oleanane which is diagnostic for vascular plant materials, this doesn’t corroborate with that of the Ise-2 well. The Isan-9 well source rock is suggested to have occurred due to the evolving structural geology of the continental shelf after the onset of the rifting, whereby the dominant lake-type environment in the Early Cretaceous was accompanied by a sediment fill of continental runoffs containing vascular plant materials. This implies that an ancient lacustrine lake system was gradually modified as a result of sedimentary infill. And that the bitumen is sourced from the lower Cretaceous Neocomian source rocks.

关键词： Amorphous Botryococcus Braunii Bitumen Gammacerane Neocomian Niger Delta Basin Oleanane

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A Framework for Qualifying and Evaluating Smart Grids Approaches: Focus on Multi-Agent Technologies

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第4期4卷 333-347页

作者： Gillian Basso Nicolas Gaud franck Gechter Vincent hilaire Fabrice Lauri IRTES-SET UTBM Belfort Cedex France.

New needs and emerging societal constraints have put the emphasis on the inadequacy of the actual electrical grid. Indeed, it is impossible, or at least very hard, to 1) integrate renewable energy sources at a great scale within the actual electric grid, 2) enable communications between the various power suppliers and consumers, 3) design several different services that meet the needs of a wide range of end users. A key solution to these issues consists in using Smart Grids (SG). SG can efficiently control power flows by means of Information Technology (IT). Technically, a SG consists of a power system and a bidirectional communication system. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) constitute a possible technology that can be applied to control and monitor the operation of power grids. Moreover, MAS exhibit distribution, adaptive and intelligent features. The goal of this paper is to propose a framework of qualification and evaluation for comparison SG approaches. First, a set of features of importance for smart grids definition is identified. Then, in a second step, some criteria are given to evaluate the impact of SG on the society. Finally, these features are applied to existing MAS approaches addressing SG in order to understand and compare their different contributions.

关键词： Smart Grids Qualification and Evaluation Multi-Agent Systems

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Molecular Prevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i>in Children under 5 Years Old in the City of Koula-Moutou, East-Central Gabon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2021年第3期11卷 157-175页

作者： Rolande Mabika Mabika Sandrine Lydie Oyegue Liabagui hilaire Kenguele Moundounga franck Mounioko Alain Souza Jean Fabrice Yala Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire équipe de Microbiologie (LABMC) Unité de Recherche Agrobiologie Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) Franceville Gabon Unité d’Evolution Epidémiologie et Résistance Parasitaire (UNEEREP) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville Gabon Unité d’Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville Gabon

Background and Purpose: Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) is one of the germs responsible for childhood diarrhea in developing countries. This study aims at determining the prevalence of the five main pathotypes of DEC isolated from faeces of children under five years old with diarrhea or not, living in the city of Koula-Moutou. Methodology: Isolates of E. coli were phenotypically screened on chromIDTM agar and molecularly by multiplex PCR to detect the presence of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorragic E. coli (EHEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). The evaluation of their sensitivity to 12 β-lactam antibiotic molecules was carried out by Kirby Bauer method. This method has also made it possible to characterize phenotypically the different β<

关键词： Diarrhea Children Diarrheagenic E. coli β-Lactamases Multiplex PCR

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Colistin Resistance Profiles, Molecular Investigation of mcr-1 and mcr-2 Plasmid Genes and Investigation of Carbapenemase Production in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Strains

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第4期13卷 276-291页

作者： Jean Fabrice Yala hilaire Kenguele Moundounga Rolande Mabika Mabika franck Mounioko Ornella Zong Minko Sougouna Henda Rokyatou Bikieya Massima Alain Souza Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Equipe de Microbiologie (LABMC) Unité de Recherche Agrobiologie Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) Franceville Gabon Laboratoire de Bactériologie Unité de Recherche d’Analyses Médicales (URAM) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville Gabon Unité d’Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) France-ville Gabon Laboratoire de Physiologie animale et Pharmacologie Unité de recherche Agrobiologie Université des Sciences et Techniques de Ma-suku (USTM) Franceville Gabon

Background and Purpose: The reintroduction of colistin as a last resort treatment against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, is currently challenged by the emergence of colistin-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains to colistin, to identify carbapenemase production, and to investigate the plasmid genes involved in colistin resistance and carbapenemase production. Methodology: In order to establish the susceptibility profiles of 17 strains of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter to colistin, their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined using the liquid microdilution method. The possible production of carbapenemases was investigated with the modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). The search for genes encoding carbapenemases (blaOXA, blaIMP, blaCarba) and those responsible for plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1 and mcr-2) was performed by conventional PCR. Results and Conclusion: Ninety-four percent (94%) (16/17) of the strains were resistant to colistin. Intraspecies distribution was 50% (8/16), 31% (5/16), 13% (2/16) and 6% (1/16) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. Twenty-nine percent (29%) (6/17) of the strains produced carbapenemases. No mcr-1 and mcr-2 plasmid genes were detected. On the other hand, 17.6% (3/17) of the strains possessed the carbapenemase genes distributed as follows: Carba type (60%), OXA type (40%) and IMP type (0%). The results of this study highlight a high resistance to colistin in strains belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, and some of these strains produce carbapenemases.

关键词： Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Carbapenemase Colistin Suceptibility

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