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A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard franck Courchamp Sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy CNRS Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD Laboratoire évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade Socioeconomic Trait

Determining the effective elastic thickness through cross-correlation between isostatic disturbances

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 241-251页

作者： Nelson Ribeiro-Filho Cristiano Mendel Martins Raissa Moraes Baldez Ivaldevingles Rodrigues de Souza Júnior franck Eitel Kemgang Ghomsi Instituto Federal do Pará(IFPA) AltamiraParáBrazil Universidade Federal do Pará(UFPA) BelemParáBrazil Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research Department of OceanographyUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Geodesy Research Laboratory National Institute of CartographyYaoundeCameroon

The elastic thickness parameter was estimated using the mobile correlation technique between the observed isostatic disturbance and the gravity disturbance calculated through direct gravimetric modeling. We computed the vertical flexure value of the crust for a specific elastic thickness using a given topographic dataset. The gravity disturbance due to the topography was determined after the calculation. A grid of values for the elastic thickness parameter was generated. Then, a moving correlation was performed between the observed gravity data(representing actual surface data) and the calculated data from the forward modeling. The optimum elastic thickness of the particular point corresponded to the highest correlation coefficient. The methodology was tested on synthetic data and showed that the synthetic depth closely matched the original depth, including the elastic thickness value. To validate the results, the described procedure was applied to a real dataset from the Barreirinhas Basin, situated in the northeastern region of Brazil. The results show that the obtained crustal depth is highly correlated with the depth from known models. Additionally, we noted that the elastic thickness behaves as expected, decreasing from the continent towards the ocean. Based on the results, this method has the potential to be employed as a direct estimate of crustal depth and elastic thickness for any region.

关键词： Isostasy Elastic thickness Isostatic disturbance Moho depth Cross-correlation

Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 973-984页

作者： Yasmina Azamoum Georg Alexander Becker Sebastian Keppler Guillaume Duchateau Stefan Skupin Mickael Grech Fabrice Catoire Sebastian Hell Issa Tamer Marco Hornung Marco Hellwing Alexander Kessler franck Schorcht Malte Christoph Kaluza GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany. Helmholtz Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany. Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-SchillerUniversität JenaMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany. CEA-CESTA 15 Avenue des SablièresCS6000133116 Le BarpCedexFrance Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306-CNRSUniversitéde Lyon 169622 VilleurbanneFrance. LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance. Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIAUMR 5107 TalenceFrance

Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics,plasma physics,and laser *** of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from lowpower laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion *** the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view,and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open *** the one hand,laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the *** the other hand,efficient laser ablation requires,for example,preventing the so-called“plasma shielding”.By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction,we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and ***-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities<10^(16)W/cm^(2).Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 10^(23)cm^(−3)(about 100 times the critical plasma density).The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization,collisions,and expansion.

关键词： laser acceleration solid

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残奥会开幕

财新周刊 2024年第35期 12-13页

作者： franck Fife(图) 无不详视觉中国

当地时间2024年8月28日晚,法国巴黎第17届夏季残奥会开幕式,数名运动员共同点燃残奥会主火炬。当日,法国总统马克龙宣布2024年巴黎残奥会正式开幕。本届残奥会举办时间为8月28日至9月8日,共设22个大项549个小项,有来自约160个国家和地区... 详细信息

当地时间2024年8月28日晚,法国巴黎第17届夏季残奥会开幕式,数名运动员共同点燃残奥会主火炬。当日,法国总统马克龙宣布2024年巴黎残奥会正式开幕。本届残奥会举办时间为8月28日至9月8日,共设22个大项549个小项,有来自约160个国家和地区的4400名运动员参赛。中国代表团将参加本届残奥会19个大项、302个小项的角逐。

关键词：残奥会主火炬大项运动员

Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image Processing

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa Gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

Modeling and Simulation of an Organic Photovoltaic Cell: ITO/MoO3/CARAPA/PCBM/Alq3/Al with SCAPS

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2024年第3期14卷 79-96页

作者： Donafologo Soro Adama Sylla Aboudramane Gbané Bamba Abdoulaye franck Julia Mari Guaita Amal Bouich Siaka Toure Bernabé Marí Dpartement des Sciences et Technologie Ecole Normale Suprieure (ENS) dAbidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire LASMES Laboratory (Laboratory of Material Sciences Environment and Solar Energy) Universit FHB DAbidjan-Cocody Abidjan Cte dIvoire Unit de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Technologiques Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire Departament de Fsica Aplicada-IDF Universitat Politcnica de Vlencia Vlencia Spain

Renewable energies are of major interest due to their inexhaustible and clean nature, with minimal impact on the environment. Numerous technological pathways exist in this field, each distinguished by the materials used and their implementation principles. However, the cost-efficiency ratio remains a significant challenge for researchers. Currently, organic materials are gaining popularity due to their relatively low cost. However, their performance, particularly in terms of conversion efficiency, still requires improvements. This study focuses on optimizing the organic photovoltaic cell ITO/MoO3/CARAPA/PCBM/Alq3/Al using SCAPS. Several parameters were considered, such as layer thickness, recombination center density, and doping, to improve the cell’s performance. The optimal parameters obtained include an efficiency of 3%, a fill factor of 81.67%, an open-circuit voltage of 1610 mV, and a short-circuit current of 2.28 mA/cm2. The study also revealed that doping the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer has a significant impact on efficiency and short-circuit current, improving these parameters up to a certain point before causing degradation due to increased recombination. Furthermore, high doping of the tri (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer improves performance up to a critical threshold, after which degradation is also observed. In contrast, doping the molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) layer does not have a notable impact on cell performance. Regarding the thickness of the active Carapaprocera (CARAPA) and PCBM layers, non-optimal values lead to a decrease in performance. Similarly, an optimal thickness of the Alq3 layer significantly improves efficiency. These results highlight the importance of parameter optimization to maximize the efficiency of organic solar cells.

关键词： Renewable Energie Solar Cells Simulation Organic Materials Performance

Assessment of the Recent Hydromorphological Features of Nokoue Lake and Its Channels (South-East Benin)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 33-55页

作者： Tètchodiwèï Julie-Billard Yonouwinhi Gérard Alfred franck Assiom d’Almeida Felix Kofi Abagale Akuemaho Virgile Onésime Akowanou Laboratory of Applied Hydrology (LHA) National Institute of water (INE) African Centre of Excellence for Water and Sanitation (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA–UNESCO Chair) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Geology Mining and Environment (LGME) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin West African Centre for Water Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA) University of Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Water and Environment (LSTEE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin

Based on 2022 and 2023 hydrometric data and satellite images (Sentinel 2022, SPOT 2010), this study aims to present the Nokoué Lake and its channels’ re-cent hydromorphological characteristics. Integrating flow, tributary morphology, and topography data determined specific power values along the axes studied. The values obtained range from 2.69 to 12.92 W/m2 for Ouémé River and 2.46 to 10.99 W/m2 for Sô River. The resulting water erosion on banks and bottoms is of linear, areolar, or gully and claw types. Lake bathymetry varies from -0.5 to -2.6 m (low flow period) and -1 to -4 m;in the Ouémé, Sô, and Totchè rivers, it varies from -5 m to -7 m, reaching -10 m at the Cotonou channel entrance (flood period). Bathymetric profiles reveal varied “U”, “V” and “Intermediate” bottom morphologies, influenced by erosion/sedimentation processes and human activities. The flow facies identified are lentic in the northern tributaries and lotic in the Cotonou and Totchè canals. Spatial analysis identified nine (09) thematic classes. In 2022, the surface area of the water body has increased from 274 km2 at low water to 280 km2 at high water, whereas in 2010 (a recent year of exceptional flooding), the surface area was 270 km2 at low water and 277 km2 at high water. Significant changes in land use are observed between 2010 and 2022. The floodplain area decreased slightly, from 421 km2 in 2010 (year of exceptional flooding) to 419 km2 in 2022. The evolution of land use shows a progressive expansion of the urban environment to the detriment of the natural environment. In the medium to long term, this trend could threaten the hydromorphological balance and even the existence of this important lagoon ecosystem.

关键词： Nokoué Lake Ouémé River Sô River Cotonou Channel Hydromorphology

Benign Nasosinus Tumors: Epidemiological, Clinical, Morphological, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects at the Adolphe SICE General Hospital in Pointe-Noire (Congo-Brazzaville)

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Open Journal of Pathology 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Sylvain Diembi Sydney Frousse Christian Ngatali Harol Boris Otouana Gérard Chidrel Gouoni franck Itiere Odzili Donatien Moukassa Gontran Ondzotto ENT Department Adolphe SICE General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo Oncology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo ENT Department Brazzaville Hospital and University Center Brazzaville Congo Master’s Department Health & Human Biology FSSA UMNG Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Benign nasosinus tumors (BNST) of epithelial origin are relatively rare and arise from the various lining tissues of the nasal and sinus cavities, and from glands developed from these epithelial invaginations. These include nasosinusal polyps, pleiomorphic adenoma and inverted papilloma. The aim of our study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, morphological, therapeutic, and evolutionary particularities of these three clinical entities, including two tumors with the potential for progressive malignancy (pleiomorphic adenoma and inverted papilloma) and one strictly benign tumor with a favorable evolution (nasosinus polyp or Schneider polyp). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2019 (13 years), in the Department of Otolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery at Adolphe SICE Hospital, Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville. Results: During the study period, 74 patients were registered for a nasosinus tumor, of which 23 were benign tumors of epithelial origin (31%) distributed as follows: 15 cases of nasosinus polyp, 5 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and 3 cases of inverted papilloma. The mean age was 42.5 for polyps, with an estimated median of 38, and 42.9 for the other two entities (pleomorphic adenoma and inverted papilloma), with an estimated median of 41. Nasosinus allergy accounted for 17% of cases, followed by chronic sinusitis (12%);however, in 49% of cases, the patient’s history was not specified. There was no sexual predominance, the sex ratio being 1.08. Occupation, socio-economic level, and education had no impact on the development of these tumors. Most of our patients (52%, 12 cases) had a consultation delay of more than one (1) year, whatever the histological nature of the tumor. The complete nasosinus syndrome (NSS) included nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, and anosmia, and was found in 19 cases (83%), most often reflecting a nasosinus p

关键词： Nasosinus Polyp Pleomorphic Adenoma Inverted Papilloma Epidemiology Clinical Features Therapeutic Management

Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Different Altitudes Affect Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Abundance and Colonization in Cacao Plantations of Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 57-82页

作者： Franklin Tounkam Ketchiemo Beaulys Fotso Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou Victor Jos Eyamo Evina Japhet Youri Essambita franck Maxime Ewane Tang Nicolas Niemenak Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Applied Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Teacher Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Plant Physiology Improvement Unit Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This study aims to investigate the abundance of AMF according to soil properties and altitudes in different cacao plantations of Cameroon. Physico-chemical analyses were made on soil samples collected from three agro-ecological zones. Soil samples were also used to evaluate directly the AMF abundance following the various altitudes and after trapping by sorghum plant. The results showed that soil properties, AMF spore abundances and colonization fluctuated significantly at different altitudes. The most represented texture was sandy loam. The bimodal zone presented a homogeneous texture (sandy loam) in all its localities. Cacao soil chemical characteristics showed that, the highest nitrogen rate (0.47%;p 0.05, Scott-Knott test) was recorded at Melong in a monomodal zone while Tonga in the Western highlands displayed the lowest rate (0.13%). Soil P concentration was significantly high in monomodal zones (Mbanga and Melong). Soil pH level indicated that the soil from Tonga in the Western highlands was neutral (pH = 6.67), and soils of other localities under study were acidic with the lowest (4.75) pH level recorded at Melong in a monomodal zone. In soil samples, the highest spore density (1.03 spores/g soil) was observed at Ntui in Bimodal zone, while the lowest spore density (0.26 spores/g soil) was observed at Bafang in the Western highlands. Root colonization showed that the sample from Bokito in a bimodal zone displayed the best frequency of mycorrhization (86.11%) while the sample from Bafang in the Western highlands recorded the lowest (27.11%). The PCA analysis highlighted that available phosphorus, pH and altitude all strongly correlated with AMF root colonization ability and can be used as a predictor of AMF colonization ability in cacao rhizosphere.

关键词： Agroecological Zone Altitude Variations Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Soil Properties Theobroma cacao