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The contribution of solid-state chemistry in the determination of multicomponent phase diagrams

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 576-581页

作者： Jean Claude Tedenac franck Gascoin Didier Ravot Université Montpellier 2 LPMC-UMR-CNRS-5617 MontpellierFrance

For a long period of time, the determination of phase diagrams was only supported by experiments related to thermal effects or thermodynamic measurements： thermal analysis, calorimetric measurements, vapor pressures, and EMF measurements. As a matter of fact, solid-solid transformations were not so accurately determined and could not be taken into account in the system＇s analysis. First, X-ray diffraction methods were used as a support for the thermal analysis. Second, the implementation of novel tools in structural analysis （for example, the Rietveld method） has permitted to increase the knowledge of phase stability. Finally, modeling the phases using a Calphad method needed increasingly more structural results to determine and better understand the phase diagrams. On the other hand, the Calphad method has been widely developed for metallic systems, for oxide systems, and in the past 10 years, for some semi-conductor systems, for example, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, and lead telluride systems. In such applications, it is very important to bring point defects in the modeling of the phases to map the defects as a function of the chemical composition. Owing to its complexity, this characteristic, the knowledge of which is crucial for the understanding and the control of potential physical applications, was ignored in the previous assessment of semi-conductor systems.

关键词： thermodynamic modeling solid-state chemistry phase diagram

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A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard franck Courchamp Sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy CNRS Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD Laboratoire évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade Socioeconomic Trait

The B/Ca and Cd/Ca of a subsurface-dwelling foraminifera Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean: implications for the subsurface carbonate chemistry estimation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第3期38卷 138-150页

作者： Haowen Dang Tingting Wang Peijun Qiao franck Bassinot Zhimin Jian State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata shells from 16 core-top samples from the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans are analyzed for the ratios of boron and cadmium to calcium(B/Ca and Cd/Ca). The B/Ca ratios show a very weak positive relationship with [B(OH)_4^-] and the dissolved carbonate species at the apparent calcification depth of ***. The boron partition coefficients(K_D) between P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater[B(OH)_4^-]/[HCO_3^-] distribute around 1.1×10^(-3)-1.3×10^(-3) with a mean value of(1.19±0.12)×10^(-3),and are significantly related to the nutrient concentration, especially phosphate. The lack of any clear correlation between the P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemical parameters suggests that the physiochemical controls on boron incorporation are masked by the complexity of natural seawater condition. But the significant dependence of Ku on nutrient may likely be explained by a nutrient related growth-rate effect. Cd/Ca of *** shows significant correlation with seawater phosphate concentration, and its partition coefficients(D_(cd)) are significantly related to temperature. A first-principle methodology of P. obliquiloculata B/Ca is applied;with the aid of Cd/Ca as a phosphate proxy and a constraint on K_D, to estimating sea water carbonate chemistry(e.g., pH). The results are fairly promising and allow us to propose the possibility to apply the combination of B/Ca and Cd/Ca proxies(and also Mg/Ca and δ^(18)O for estimating temperature and salinity) for the paleoreconstruction of seawater carbonate chemistry.

关键词： Pulleniatina obliquiloculata B/Ca Cd/Ca paleo-pH estimation

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Approach for improved development of advanced driver assistance systems for future smart mobility concepts

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Autonomous Intelligent Systems 2023年第1期3卷 109-122页

作者： Michael Weber Tobias Weiss franck Gechter Reiner Kriesten Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility Hochschule Karlsruhe-University of Applied SciencesHKAKarlsruheGermany. CIAD(UMR 7533) Univ.Bourgogne Franche-ComteUTBMBelfortFrance. LORIA-MOSEL(UMR 7503) Universitéde LorraineNancyFrance.

To use the benefits of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)-Tests in simulation and reality a new approach for using Augmented Reality(AR)in an automotive vehicle for testing ADAS is presented in this *** procedure provides a link between simulation and reality and should enable a faster development process for future increasingly complex ADAS tests and future mobility *** fields for ADAS offer a small number of orientation ***,these must be detected and processed at high vehicle *** requires high computational power both for developing our method and its subsequent use in *** image segmentation(IS),artificial intelligence(AI)for object recognition,and visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM),we aim to create a three-dimensional model with accurate information about the test *** is expected that using AI and IS will significantly improve performance as computational speed and accuracy for AR applications in automobiles.

关键词： Augmented reality Advanced driver assistance systems Visual simultaneous localization and mapping European new car assessment programme

Performance analysis of multi-GNSS static and RTK techniques in estimating height differences

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第5期13卷 586-601页

作者： Ahmed Elaksher Tarig Ali franck Kamtchang Christian Wegmann Adalberto Guerrero College of Engineering New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringAmerican University of SharjahSharjahUAE Geomatics Engineering Lassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoCanada Surveying Engineering Program College of EngineeringNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA

Establishing reliable elevation differences is imperative for most geoscience and engineering *** work has traditionally been accomplished through spirit leveling techniques;however,surveyors have been utilizing satellite positioning systems in measuring height differences for more than a *** the quality of these heights needs to be evaluated in order to adopt them in different *** this article,we present the outcome of an accuracy assessment of height differences obtained with static and RTK *** control points with an average baseline length of 1 km were occupied with dual-frequency GNSS receivers for different time *** signals were processed using open-source software and verified with an online processing *** were estimated by processing the GPS and the GLONASS data individually,and combined(***).Height differences were determined and compared with those measured by spirit levels and corrected through geoid *** results were achieved by combining GPS and GLONASS solutions for both static and RTK *** with either GPS or GLONASS satellites were comparable,but in most cases,the GPS solutions performed *** the static surveys,longer occupation provided much accurate height *** among 10 different RTK surveys were minimum for the GPS+GLONASS solutions and worst for the GLONASS *** ANOVA,LSD,F,and χ^(2) statistical tests confirmed our findings at the 95%confidence level.

关键词： GNSS static RTK multipath height differences

Improving interruption performance of mechanical circuit breakers by controlling pre-current-zero wave shape

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High Voltage 2019年第2期4卷 122-129页

作者： Tim Schultz Benjamin Hammerich Lorenz Bort Christian M.franck High Voltage Laboratory ETH ZurichPhysikstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

Mechanical circuit breakers(MCBs)are the limiting component for current injection HVDC circuit *** their interruption performance reduces requirements for capacitance and inductance needed in the injection circuit and thus space use and *** performance can be achieved by creating a period of low current gradient before zero crossing in the MCB,*** using a saturable inductor(SI).In this paper,the impact of duration and steepness during the low current-gradient phase is linked to arc parameters of the investigated model gas circuit *** is shown in a scaled experimental setup that an optimum design of the SI can be derived from arc time constant and interruption limits for constant current *** optimisation results in a considerable increase of interruption *** feasibility of implementing an SI in a full-scale HVDC circuit breaker is demonstrated using *** an improved injection scheme,the stresses for the MCB can be reduced ***,the injection circuit components can be scaled down,making the topology more *** reduced interruption requirements might also make it possible to use a single gas interrupter instead of a series connection of vacuum interrupters,reducing the complexity of the mechanical switch.

关键词： performance capacitance wave

Inflammation,microbiome and colorectal cancer disparity in African-Americans:Are there bugs in the genetics?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第25期28卷 2782-2801页

作者： Sami Ahmad Hassan Ashktorab Hassan Brim franck Housseau Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21231United States Department of Medicine Howard UniversityWashingtonDC 20060United States Department of Pathology Howard UniversityWashingtonDC 20060United States

Dysregulated interactions between host inflammation and gut microbiota over the course of life increase the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC).While environmental factors and socio-economic realities of race remain predominant contributors to CRC disparities in African-Americans(AAs),this review focuses on the biological mediators of CRC disparity,namely the under-appreciated influence of inherited ancestral genetic regulation on mucosal innate immunity and its interaction with the *** remains a poor understanding of mechanisms linking immune-related genetic polymorphisms and microbiome diversity that could influence chronic inflammation and exacerbate CRC disparities in AAs.A better understanding of the relationship between host genetics,bacteria,and CRC pathogenesis will improve the prediction of cancer risk across race/ethnicity groups overall.

关键词： Inflammation African-American Population-specific genome wide association studies Minorities health Microbiome Colorectal cancer

Prediction of exchangeable potassium in soil through mid-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning:From prediction to explainability

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 230-241页

作者： franck Albinet Yi Peng Tetsuya Eguchi Erik Smolders Gerd Dercon Independent Researcher&Consultant GuétharyFrance Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureSeibersdorfAustria Global Soil Partnership Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsViale delle Terme di Caracalla00153 RomeItaly Agricultural Radiation Research Center Tohoku Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationFukushimaJapan Soil and Water Management Unit KU LeuvenBelgium

The ability to characterize rapidly and repeatedly exchangeable potassium(Kex)content in the soil is essential for optimizing remediation of radiocaesium contamination in *** this paper,we show how this can be now achieved using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model trained on a large Mid-Infrared(MIR)soil spectral library(40,000 samples with Kex determined with 1 M NH4OAc,pH 7),compiled by the National Soil Survey Center of the United States Department of *** Partial Least Squares Regression as a base-line,we found that our implemented CNN leads to a significantly higher prediction performance of Kex when a large amount of data is available(10000),increasing the coefficient of determination from 0.64 to 0.79,and reducing the Mean Absolute Percentage Error from 135%to 31%.Furthermore,in order to provide end-users with required interpretive keys,we implemented the GradientShap algorithm to identify the spectral regions considered important by the model for predicting *** in the context of the implemented CNN on various Soil Taxonomy Orders,it allowed(i)to relate the important spectral features to domain knowledge and(ii)to demonstrate that including all Soil Taxonomy Orders in CNN-based modeling is beneficial as spectral features learned can be reused across different,sometimes underrepresented orders.

关键词： High-throughput soil characterization Machine learning Convolutional neural network Agriculture Nuclear emergency response Remediation Interpretability

Tree-ring:a suitable implement for spatial and temporal fire distribution analysis in savanna woodland and dry forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 435-446页

作者： franck Sinsin Romain GlèlèKaka? Bettina Orthmann Brice Sinsin Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin Laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin Institute of Biosciences University of Rostock

Based on 120 stem discs collected during3 months of fieldwork along a 12 km route,the history of fires in the Wari Maro Forest（09 1000 N–02 1000E） over the past century in savanna woodland and dry forest was *** major ecological areas are characterized：one highly burnt zone located between two relative less burnt *** analyzing tree rings,246 fire scars were *** scars were caused by 51 fire years,occurring at a mean interval of 2.23 *** 1890 to1965,only 6 years with fires were recorded from sampled *** 1966,no year has passed without *** fire frequency point scale reached 14 *** was the case of Burkea africana,which has been identified as a species tolerant to fire and could be planted to create a natural *** contrast,Anogeissus leiocarpa is highly sensitive to fire,and in a dry forest ecosystem that burns seasonally,it requires a special conservation *** new concepts are described：the rebarking of trees after fire and Mean Kilometer Fire *** first concept was tested with Daniellia oliveri（Rolfe） Hutch ＆ Dalz trees,and the second concept was used to evaluate spatial fire *** demonstrate that savanna woodland and dry forest were subject to a degradation process caused by destructive fires related to vegetation cover clearance and illegal logging.

关键词： Fire ecology Tree-rings Savanna woodland Dry forest Conservation strategies

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