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Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 1-10页

作者： Yuming Wang junyan Zhou Ning Cao Lu Wang jiayu tu Xiangfang Zeng Shiyan Qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural University

The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein(LP) diets has been shown to be caused by the weakened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora. The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear. Twelve growing barrows(19.9 ± 0.8 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a highprotein(HP, 21.5% crude protein [CP]) diet or an LP(15.5% CP) diet for 28 d. The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concentrations analysis. The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined. Compared with the HP treatment, the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and CP(P on, urinary nitrogen losses, total nitrogen losses, and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment(P rogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased(P roup showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) concentration and fecal propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations(P on d 14 and 28, which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella(P robiotics, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidales S24-7, and rikenella, enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content. The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14. Likewise, differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28. To sum up, in a time-dependent manner, the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions a

关键词： Low-protein diet Microorganism Nutrient digestibility Pig Short-chain fatty acid

Low-Cost and Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based on van der Waals Semiconductors on Paper Substrates

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 201-206页

作者： Gulsum Ersu Carmen Munuera Federico j.Mompean Daniel Vaquero jorge Quereda joão Elias F.S.rodrigues jose A.Alonso Eduardo Flores jose r.Ares Isabel j.Ferrer Abdullah M.Al-Enizi Ayman Nafady Sruthi Kuriakose joshua o.Island Andres Castellanos-Gomez Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)Madrid E-28049Spain Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUnivesidad de SalamancaSalamanca Junta de Castilla y León 37007Spain GISC Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid E-28040Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y Estudios AvanzadosMérida 97310Mexico MIrE Group Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV 89154USA

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper *** devices are based on thin films of WS_(2),Te,and BP(P-type semiconductors)and TiS_(3)and TiS_(2)(N-type semiconductors),deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against *** thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of(+1.32±0.27)mV K^(-1)and(-0.82±0.15)mV K^(-1)for WS_(2)and TiS_(3),***,Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P-and N-type films with graphite electrodes.A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K^(-1)was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three *** findings of this work show proof-of-concept devices to illustrate the potential application of semiconducting van der Waals materials in future thermoelectric power generation as well as temperature sensing for low-cost disposable electronic devices.

关键词： paper-based electronics Seebeck effect semiconductors thermoelectrics van der Waals materials

维普期刊数据库

Multistage Microstructured Ionic Skin for real-Time Vital Signs Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 218-229页

作者： Xueke Wang jinyu Zi Yi Chen Qiang Wu Zhimin Xiang Yongqiang tu Peng Yang Yanfen Wan National Center for International research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials&TechnologyYunnan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Skin-like electronics research aiming to mimic even surpass human-like specific tactile cognition by operating perception-to-cognition-to-feedback of stimulus to build intelligent cognition systems for certain imperceptible or inappreciable signals was so ***,we constructed an all-in-one tri-modal pressure sensing wearable device to address the issue of power supply by integrating multistage microstructured ionic skin(MM i-skin)and thermoelectric self-power staffs,which exhibits high sensitivity *** MM i-skin with multi-stage“interlocked”configurations achieved precise recognition of subtle signals,where the sensitivity reached up to 3.95 kPa^(−1),as well as response time of 46 ms,cyclic stability(over 1500 cycles),a wide detection range of 0–200 ***,we developed the thermoelectricity nanogenerator,piezoelectricity nanogenerator,and piezocapacitive sensing as an integrated tri-modal pressure sensing,denoted as P-iskin,T-iskin,and C-iskin,*** multifunctional ionic skin enables real-time monitoring of weak body signals,rehab guidance,and robotic motion recognition,demonstrating potential for Internet of things(IoT)applications involving the artificial intelligence-motivated sapiential healthcare Internet(SHI)and widely distributed human-machine interaction(HMI).

关键词： bio-template method integrated device ionic skin skin-like microstructure tri-modal pressure sensing

Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures based on the dual effects of electro-deoxidation and the Kirkendall effect

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Nano research 2024年第9期17卷 7814-7823页

作者： jianxin tu Shuo Yu Kui Hao Le Sun ruicheng Bai Fangzhou Zhang Aijun Li Hong Liu Institute of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Shaoxing institute of technology Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

In this study,we successfully synthesized silicon nanotubes(Si-NTs)and silicon nanowires(Si-NWs)in a controllable manner using a catalyst-and template-free method through the direct electrolysis of Sio_(2)in a molten CaCl_(2)-Cao system,while also proposing a novel formation mechanism for ***-NWs are formed through electro-deoxidation when the cell voltage is within the range of Cao decomposition voltage and Sio_(2)decomposition *** subsequently adjusting the voltage to a value between the decomposition potentials of CaCl_(2)and Cao,in-situ electro-deoxidation of Cao takes place on the surface of the synthesized Si-NWs,leading to the formation of a Ca *** formation of Ca-Si diffusion couple leads to the creation of vacancies within the Si-NWs,as the outward diffusion rate of Si exceeds the inward diffusion rate of *** differential diffusion rates between Si and Ca in a diffusion couple exhibit an analogy to the Kirkendall *** vacancies gradually accumulate and merge,forming large voids,which ultimately result in the formation of hollow *** a subsequent dealloying process,the removal of the embedded calcium leads to the formation of *** the application of a carbon coating,the Si-NTs@C composite showcases a high initial discharge capacity of 3211 mAh·g^(-1)at 1.5 A·g^(-1)and exhibits exceptional long-term cycling stability,maintaining a capacity of 977 mAh·g^(-1)after 2000 cycles at 3.0 A·g^(-1).

关键词： silicon nanotubes silicon nanowires lithium-ion battery Kirkendall effect

An efficient molten-salt electro-deoxidation strategy enabling fast-kinetics and long-life aluminum-selenium batteries

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SusMat 2024年第1期4卷 126-139页

作者： jiguo tu Zheng Huang Cheng Chang Haiping Lei Shuai Wang Shuqiang jiao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Aluminum-selenium(Al-Se)batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high capacity,energy density,and cost effectiveness,but Se falls challenges in addressing the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate product and sluggish reaction kinetics in the solid-solid conversion process during ***,we propose an unprecedented design concept for fabricating uniform Se/C hollow microspheres with controllable morphologies through low-temperature electro-deoxidation in neutral NaCl-AlCl_(3) molten salt *** Se/C hollow microspheres are demonstrated to hold a favorable hollow structure for hosting Se,which can not only suppress the dissolution of soluble intermediate products into the electrolyte,thereby maintaining the structural integrity and maximizing Se utilization of the active material,but also promote the electrical/ionic conductivity,thus facilitating the rapid reaction kinetics during ***,the as-prepared Se/C hollow microspheres exhibit a high reversible capacity of 720.1 mAh g^(−1)at 500 mA g^(−1).Even at the high current density of 1000 mA g^(−1),Se/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 564.0 mAh g^(−1),long-term stability over 1100 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency of 98.6%.This present work provides valuable insights into short-process recovery of advanced Se-containingmaterials and value-added utilization for energy storage.

关键词： aluminum-ion batteries hollow Se/C microspheres long-term cycling stability lowtemperature electro-deoxidation NaCl-AlCl_(3)molten salt

UDT:U-shaped deformable transformer for subarachnoid haemorrhage image segmentation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第3期9卷 756-768页

作者： Wei Xie Lianghao jin Shiqi Hua Hao Sun Bo Sun Zhigang tu jun Liu Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Smart Learning Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina School of Computer Science Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina National Language resources Monitoring and research Center for Network Media Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University DalianChina State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingaporeSingapore

Subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH),mostly caused by the rupture of intracranial aneu-rysm,is a common disease with a high fatality *** lesions are generally diffusely distributed,showing a variety of scales with irregular *** complex characteristics of lesions make SAH segmentation a challenging *** cope with these difficulties,a u-shaped deformable transformer(UDT)is proposed for SAH ***,first,a multi-scale deformable attention(MSDA)module is exploited to model the diffuseness and scale-variant characteristics of SAH lesions,where the MSDA module can fuse features in different scales and adjust the attention field of each element dynamically to generate discriminative multi-scale ***,the cross deformable attention-based skip connection(CDASC)module is designed to model the irregular edge char-acteristic of SAH lesions,where the CDASC module can utilise the spatial details from encoder features to refine the spatial information of decoder ***,the MSDA and CDASC modules are embedded into the backbone res-UNet to construct the proposed *** experiments are conducted on the self-built SAH-CT dataset and two public medical datasets(GlaS and MoNuSeg).Experimental results show that the presented UDT achieves the state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： image segmentation medical image processing

Charge Accumulation Characteristics of SF6-Epoxy Interface Under Negative repetitive Nanosecond Pulses

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CSEE journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1808-1815页

作者： Shaocong Wu Geng Chen Yuming Shao Hao Xu Xuanning Zhang Yanyu Liang Youping tu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with renewable Energy Sources and the Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

repetitve nanosecond impulses in gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) are likely to trigger inside flashover. Interface charges on the spacer in GIS are considered one of the main factors damaging insulation performance and may be induced by overvoltage. for good understanding of insulation failures, accumulation characteristics of charges between SF6 and epoxy spacers under repetitive nanosecond impulses are investigated. It can be found under nanosecond impulses, the charge source in gas volume contributes to interface charge accumulation predominantly. Interface charges will be promoted by impulse number and amplitude. Accumulation processes are analyzed based on runaway electrons mechanism. When impulse amplitude exceeds a threshold value, discharge in the gas volume turns to a runaway mode. A runaway electron leads to the interface charge accumulation. Affected by motion of the runaway electrons, the potential peak gradually moves close to the grounded electrode when impulse amplitude is raised. Meanwhile, increasing impulse number can enhance surface potential. Surface potential will reach saturation eventually. However, memory effect of the repetitive impulse discharge makes the half-peak width of the surface potential at the interface change little. Design of GIS gas-solid insulations can refer to this research.

关键词： GIS interface charge repetitive nano-second pulse SF6

Bias-Free Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion in a BiVo4/PM6:Y6 Compact Tandem with optically Balanced Light Absorption

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 231-238页

作者： Catarina G.Ferreira Constanza Sansierra francisco Bernal-Texca Mingyu Zhang Carles ros jordi Martorell ICfo–Institut de Ciències fotòniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Departament de Física Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

The high voltage required to overcome the thermodynamic threshold and the complicated kinetics of the water splitting reaction limit the efficiency of single semiconductor-based photoelectrochemistry.A semiconductor/solar cell tandem structure has been theoretically demonstrated as a viable path to achieve an efficient direct transformation of sunlight into chemical energy.

关键词： bismuth vanadate compact tandem organic solar cells photonic multilayers solar-to-hydrogen conversion

Machine learning and human‐machine trust in healthcare:A systematic survey

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 286-302页

作者： Han Lin jiatong Han Pingping Wu jiangyan Wang juan tu Hao Tang Liuning Zhu jiangsu Key Laboratory of Public Project Audit School of Engineering AuditNanjing Audit UniversityNanjingChina School of Information Engineering Nanjing Audit UniversityNanjingChina School of Statistics and Data Science Nanjing Audit UniversityNanjingChina Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics(MoE) School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina

As human‐machine interaction(HMI)in healthcare continues to evolve,the issue of trust in HMI in healthcare has been raised and *** is critical for the development and safety of healthcare that humans have proper trust in medical *** machines that have applied machine learning(ML)technologies continue to penetrate deeper into the medical environment,which also places higher demands on intelligent *** order to make machines play a role in HMI in healthcare more effectively and make human‐machine cooperation more harmonious,the authors need to build good humanmachine trust(HMT)in *** article provides a systematic overview of the prominent research on ML and HMT in *** addition,this study explores and analyses ML and three important factors that influence HMT in healthcare,and then proposes a HMT model in ***,general trends are summarised and issues to consider addressing in future research on HMT in healthcare are identified.

关键词： human-machine interaction machine learning trust