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Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto javier ramos Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability worldwide.Neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this response.Following traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain regions.Homeostatic astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are overexpressed.This altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive recovery.In addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional recovery.Current therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute complications.Statins,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of astrocytes.In this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRNAs or lncRNA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVILLANO javier PRECIADO-GARBAYO Jorge SEVIL francisco GUTIERREZ Juan JMARTiNEZ Sonia MARTiN-LOPEZ Miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic failures.Sagging sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain gradients.In this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging sinkholes.To assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision leveling.The results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence point.There is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano javier Del Ser Weiping Ding francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized environment.FL allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third parties.This paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data sources.By virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data privacy.The aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software frameworks.Furthermore,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL landscape.The ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

Microfluidic bubble-generator enables digital light processing 3D printing of porous structures

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 280-291页

作者： Philipp Weber Ling Cai francisco javier Aguilar Rojas Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares Maria Celeste Tirelli Francesco Nalin Jakub Jaroszewicz Wojciech Swi eszkowski Marco Costantini Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences KasprzakaPoland Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWoloskaPoland

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent years.Further development of vatphotopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and components.Similarly,the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical applications.This work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing(DLP)printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size-tunable,3D-printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel matrix.It is found that the generation of size-tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel-precursor can be controlled with high precision.Furthermore,the porosities are printed in two-dimensional(2D)as well as in 3D using the DLP printer.In addition,the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts,where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation,spreading,and migration are confirmed.It is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,among others.

关键词： 3D printing biofabrication bubble digital light processing microfluidics porous

Microsurgical management of radicular cyst using guided tissue regeneration technique:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第7期12卷 1346-1355页

作者： Juan Carlos Gómez Mireles Eugenia Karina Martínez Carrillo Katia Alcalá Barbosa Evangelina Gutiérrez Cortés javier González ramos Luis Antonio González Gómez Rubén Alberto Bayardo González Sarah Monserrat Lomelí Martínez Periodontics Specialty Department of Integral Dentistry ClinicsCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Endodontics Specialty Department of Integral Dentistry ClinicsCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Endodontics Specialty Department of ClinicsCentro Universitario de Los AltosUniversidad de GuadalajaraTepatitlán de Morelos 47620Mexico Specialty in Oral Pathology Surgical-Stomatological DepartmentAutonomous University of GuadalajaraZapopan 45129Mexico Independent Researcher Guadalajara 44340Mexico Department of Integral Dentistry Clinics Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Department of Medical and Life Sciences Centro Universitario de la CiénegaUniversidad de GuadalajaraOcotlán 47810Mexico Master of Public Health Department of Well-being and Sustainable DevelopmentCentro Universitario del NorteUniversidad de GuadalajaraColotlán 46200Mexico

BACKGROUND Radicular cyst is a lesion of odontogenic origin that arises from epithelial remains due to periapical periodontitis caused by inflammatory reactions generated at the apex of affected teeth with infected or necrotic pulps.The therapeutic mana gement of radicular cysts is controversial.There is only one case report of enucleation of a radicular cyst managed with microsurgery and apicoectomy,but without the use of the guided tissue regeneration(GTR)technique in the same surgical procedure.The present clinical case describes the management of a radicular cyst with microsurgical approach,performance of an apicoectomy of the tooth associated with the entity,application of GTR technique,use of a resorbable membrane of type I bovine collagen,and bovine xenograft.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old patient presented with a radicular cyst from an upper lateral incisor.The microsurgical management used was aimed at enucleating the chemical membrane,performing apicoectomy of the tooth along with careful and precise retrograde filling,and implementing GTR technique using a resorbable collagen membrane and bovine xenograft.The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed using histopathological analysis.The patient underwent follow-up evaluations at 10 and 30 d postoperatively.At 4 months postoperative evaluation,she remained asymptomatic,and radiographs showed significant periapical healing with adequate bone formation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that microsurgical management using the GTR technique with collagen membrane and xenograft,contributes to bone regeneration.

关键词： Odontogenic cysts Apical periodontal cyst Dental root end cyst Case report

Sex and habitat differences in size and coloration of an amphibian’s poison glands match differential predator pressures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 764-776页

作者： francisco javier ZAMORA-CAMACHO Department of Phisical Chemical and Natural SystemsPablo de Olavide UniversitySevilleSpain Department of Biodiversity Ecology and EvolutionComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain

Chemical defenses are frequently accompanied by salient color patterns actively avoided by predators,a phe-nomenon referred to as aposematism.However,the production of both chemical defenses and pigments is costly,and is thus expected to be reduced under mild predator pressure.In this work,I compared the size and coloration of parotoid glands(2 dorsal,external swollen structures that secrete toxins in toads)of male and female Epidalea calamita toads from agrosystems and from pine groves.I also quantiﬁed the predator attacks received by plas-ticine toad models,whose“parotoid glands”differed in size and color conspicuousness,exposed in each habitat.Predators avoided models with large and conspicuous parotoid glands,but models in agrosystems were more of-ten attacked.Concerning actual toads,agrosystem and male individuals had larger parotoid glands,presumably implying greater production of chemical defenses than in pine grove and female conspeciﬁcs.Theseﬁndings are aligned with previous research suggesting that both agrosystem toads and males in this system are subjected to a more intense predator pressure.Difference between parotoid gland and dorsum coloration was greater in agrosys-tem toads.A marked internal pattern could function as an aposematic signal,which could counteract increased predator pressure.

关键词： anuran agrosystem aposematism Epidalea calamita plasticine model

Enhancement of the Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Actions of Eugenol from Spice Clove and the Stabilizer Gum Arabic on Colorectal Carcinogenesis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 71-100页

作者： Nayanna de Oliveira ramos Melo Lucas Gabriel da Costa Marques Humberto Maia Costa Neto Matheus De Sousa Silva francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Jamacaru Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti Antônio Adailson De Sousa Silva Conceição Aparecida Dornelas Postgraduate Program in Medical-Surgical Sciences School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Nucleus of Research and Development of Medicines (NPDM) Laboratory of Pharmacology and Preclinical Research School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Nucleus for Research and Development of Medicines (NPDM) National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Postgraduate Program in Pathology and Medical-Surgical Sciences School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

Spices are defined as any aromatic condiment of plant origin used to alter the flavor and aroma of foods. Besides flavor and aroma, many spices have antioxidant activity, mainly related to the presence in cloves of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and eugenol. In turn, the most common uses of gum arabic are in the form of powder for addition to soft drink syrups, cuisine and baked goods, specifically to stabilize the texture of products, increase the viscosity of liquids and promote the leavening of baked products (e.g., cakes). Both eugenol, extracted from cloves, and gum arabic, extracted from the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, are dietary constituents routinely consumed virtually throughout the world. Both of them are also widely used medicinally to inhibit oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The prevention arm of the study included groups: Ia, IIa, IIIa, Iva, V, VI, VII, VIII. Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the same period and for an additional 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG, or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The treatment arm of the study included groups Ib, IIb, IIIb e IVb, IX, X, XI, XII). Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the subsequent 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The novelty of this study is the investigation of their use alone and together for the prevention and treatment of experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Our results show that the combined use of 10% gum arabic and eugenol was effective, with antioxidant action in the colon, as well as reducing oxidative stress in all colon segments and preventing and treating genotoxicity in all colon segments. Furthermore, their joint administration reduced the number of aberrant crypts and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the dis

关键词： Eugenol Gum Arabic Carcinogenesis Oxidative Stress Genotoxicity

Systemic Inflammation Response Index and weight loss as prognostic factors in metastatic pancreatic cancer: A concept study from the PANTHEIA-SEOM trial

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第2期16卷 386-397页

作者： Vilma Pacheco-Barcia Sara Custodio-Cabello Fatima Carrasco-Valero Magda Palka-Kotlowska Axel Mariño-Mendez Alberto Carmona-Bayonas javier Gallego A J Muñoz Martín Paula Jimenez-Fonseca Luis Cabezon-Gutierrez Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario de TorrejonMadrid 28850Spain Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitario de TorrejonMadrid 28850Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedo 33011Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Morales MeseguerUniversity of MurciaMurcia 30001Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital General Universitario de ElcheElche 03202Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónUniversidad Complutense MadridMadrid 28007Spain Universidad francisco de Vitoria Madrid 28223Spain

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI)in advanced pancreatic cancer is recognized,but its correlation with patients´nutritional status and outcomes remains unexplored.AIM To study the prognostic significance of SIRI and weight loss in metastatic pancreatic cancer.METHODS The PANTHEIA-Spanish Society of Medical Oncology(SEOM)study is a multicentric(16 Spanish hospitals),observational,longitudinal,non-interventional initiative,promoted by the SEOM Real World-Evidence work group.This pilot study sought to analyze the association between weight loss and inflammatory status as defined by SIRI.The cohort stems from a proof-of-concept pilot study conducted at one of the coordinating centers.Patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma,treated from January 2020 to January 2023,were included.The index was calculated using the product of neutrophil and monocyte counts,divided by lymphocyte counts,obtained within 15 days before initiation chemotherapy.This study evaluated associations between overall survival(OS),SIRI and weight loss.RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included.66%of these patients were male and the median age was 66 years.Metastasis sites:36%liver,12%peritoneal carcinomatosis,10%lung,and 42%multiple locations.Regarding the first line palliative chemotherapy treatments:50%received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel;28%,modified fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,and 16%were administered gemcitabine.42%had a weight loss>5%in the three months(mo)preceding diagnosis.21 patients with a SIRI≥2.3×10^(3)/L exhibited a trend towards a lower median OS compared to those with a SIRI5%weight loss before diagnosis,the median OS was 6 mo,in contrast to 19 mo for those who did not experience such weight loss(P=0.003).Patients with a weight loss>5%showed higher SIRI levels.This difference was statistically significant(P<0.000).For patients with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L,those who did not

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Nutrition Prognostic factor Inflammation Advanced cancer Systemic inflammatory response index Weight loss

Feeding on clean food?Potential effects of electric organ discharges by Torpedo spp.(Torpediniformes:Torpedinidae)on their trophically transmitted parasites

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 234-245页

作者： Jaime PENADÉS-SUAY Tania REGACHO francisco javier AZNAR Marine Zoology Unit Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ValenciaValènciaSpain LAMNA Association for the study of elasmobranchs from the Valencian Community ValènciaSpain

Members of the Torpedinidae(torpedoes)and Hypnidae(coffin ray)use electric organ discharges(EOD)to stun or kill their prey before consumption.We investigated whether EOD could also negatively affect the helminth larvae infecting these preys through a surrogate model:we applied electric discharges to individuals of blue whiting,Micromesistius poutassou,that harbored live larvae of Anisakis.Larval mortality throughout a 6-h period was significantly higher in the treatment group,suggesting that EODs could significantly hamper helminth recruitment.We then tested whether torpedinids and hypnids(“strong-EOD”families)harbored species-poor helminth(cestode)assemblages compared with“weak-EOD”Torpediniformes(Narcidae and Narkidae)and other Batoidea.Based on comparisons on estimated species diversity and mean species richness of tapeworms at host individual level we found that(i)Torpediniformes had the lowest tapeworm diversity of all Batoidea orders;(ii)Torpedo spp.consistently had the lowest mean cestode richness at host individual level,and this could not be related to other host factors influencing cestode diversity in chondrichthyans,that is body size,trophic level or dietary breath.However,a preliminary comparison between“strong-EOD”and“weak-EOD”Torpediniformes did not detect clear differences of cestode richness.Thus,evidence supporting an unambiguous contribution of EODs to depauperate cestode assemblages requires further research.

关键词： Anisakis Batoidea cestode EOD behavior Torpediniform Torpedo