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Deep UV Microscopy Identifies Prostatic Basal Cells:An Important Biomarker for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics

Biomedical engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 407-419页

作者： Soheil Soltani Brian Cheng Adeboye O.Osunkoya francisco e.Robles Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA 30332USA Departments of Pathology and Urology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322USA Winship Cancer Institute of emory University AtlantaGA 30322USA

Objective and Impact Statement.Identifying benign mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma remains a significant diagnostic challenge.In this work,we developed an approach based on label-free,high-resolution molecular imaging with multispectral deep ultraviolet(UV)microscopy which identifies important prostate tissue components,including basal cells.This work has significant implications towards improving the pathologic assessment and diagnosis of prostate cancer.Introduction.One of the most important indicators of prostate cancer is the absence of basal cells in glands and ducts.However,identifying basal cells using hematoxylin and eosin(H&e)stains,which is the standard of care,can be difficult in a subset of cases.In such situations,pathologists often resort to immunohistochemical(IHC)stains for a definitive diagnosis.However,IHC is expensive and time-consuming and requires more tissue sections which may not be available.In addition,IHC is subject to false-negative or false-positive stains which can potentially lead to an incorrect diagnosis.Methods.We leverage the rich molecular information of label-free multispectral deep UV microscopy to uniquely identify basal cells,luminal cells,and inflammatory cells.The method applies an unsupervised geometrical representation of principal component analysis to separate the various components of prostate tissue leading to multiple image representations of the molecular information.Results.Our results show that this method accurately and efficiently identifies benign and malignant glands with high fidelity,free of any staining procedures,based on the presence or absence of basal cells.We further use the molecular information to directly generate a high-resolution virtual IHC stain that clearly identifies basal cells,even in cases where IHC stains fail.Conclusion.Our simple,low-cost,and label-free deep UV method has the potential to improve and facilitate prostate cancer diagnosis by enabling robust identification of basal cells and other important prostate tissue components.

关键词： diagnosis false resort

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Review of enhancement for ocean thermal energy conversion system

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Journal of Ocean engineering and Science 2023年第5期8卷 533-545页

作者： Safaa Malik Abbas HendDakhelSkhaal Alhassany David Vera francisco Jurado Department of electrical engineering University of Jaen23700EPS LinaresJaenSpain

Ocean thermal energy conversion(OTeC)is a renewable energy source that uses differences in ocean water temperature between warm surface and cold depth to generate electricity.It is an essential link in the carbon neutrality chain and one of the rising sectors of the ocean energy.This paper provides an overview of studies on closed thermodynamic cycles and the numerous difficulties that OTeC technology faces.A description of the thermodynamic cycles incorporating mixed or pure working fluids,as well as the implications of different working fluids on cycle efficiency were also studied.Changes in condensing and evaporating temperatures induced by variations in heat resources affect the efficiency of cycles with pure working fluids.Several strategies,such as intermediate extraction regeneration and heat recovery of ammonia-depleted solution can increase the thermal efficiency with mixed working fluids.In addition,the impact of the ejector on the cycle’s performance is examined.Finally,the efficiency-improving strate-gies are described and summarized.Thermodynamic efficiency can increase using suitable working fluids and taking steps to maximize the rate of ocean thermal energy.To establish which approach is the most effective,different methods have been evaluated and compared under identical operating conditions.

关键词： Ocean thermal energy conversion Organic rankine cycle Ammonia-water Liquid-vapor ejector Vapor-vapor ejector

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extremal Coalitions for Influence Games Through Swarm Intelligence-Based Methods

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6305-6321页

作者： Fabián Riquelme Rodrigo Olivares francisco Munoz Xavier Molinero Maria Serna escuela de Ingeniería Informática Universidad de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Computer Science Department Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain Mathematics Department Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaTerrassaSpain

An influence game is a simple game represented over an influence graph(i.e.,a labeled,weighted graph)on which the influence spread phenomenon is exerted.Influence games allow applying different properties and parameters coming from cooperative game theory to the contexts of social network analysis,decision-systems,voting systems,and collective behavior.The exact calculation of several of these properties and parameters is computationally hard,even for a small number of players.Two examples of these parameters are the length and the width of a game.The length of a game is the size of its smaller winning coalition,while the width of a game is the size of its larger losing coalition.Both parameters are relevant to know the levels of difficulty in reaching agreements in collective decision-making systems.Despite the above,new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have recently been developed to solve the NP-hard influence maximization problem in an efficient and approximate way,being able to find small winning coalitions that maximize the influence spread within an influence graph.In this article,we apply some variations of this solution to find extreme winning and losing coalitions,and thus efficient approximate solutions for the length and the width of influence games.As a case study,we consider two real social networks,one formed by the 58 members of the european Union Council under nice voting rules,and the other formed by the 705 members of the european Parliament,connected by political affinity.Results are promising and show that it is feasible to generate approximate solutions for the length and width parameters of influence games,in reduced solving time.

关键词： Influence game influence spread collective behavior swarm intelligence bio-inspired computing

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explainable Rules and Heuristics in AI Algorithm Recommendation Approaches——A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1023-1051页

作者： francisco JoséGarcía-Penlvo Andrea Vázquez-Ingelmo Alicia García-Holgado GRIAL Research Group Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of SalamancaSalamanca37008Spain

The exponential use of artificial intelligence(AI)to solve and automated complex tasks has catapulted its popularity generating some challenges that need to be addressed.While AI is a powerfulmeans to discover interesting patterns and obtain predictive models,the use of these algorithms comes with a great responsibility,as an incomplete or unbalanced set of training data or an unproper interpretation of the models’outcomes could result in misleading conclusions that ultimately could become very dangerous.For these reasons,it is important to rely on expert knowledge when applying these methods.However,not every user can count on this specific expertise;non-AIexpert users could also benefit from applying these powerful algorithms to their domain problems,but they need basic guidelines to obtain themost out of AI models.The goal of this work is to present a systematic review of the literature to analyze studies whose outcomes are explainable rules and heuristics to select suitable AI algorithms given a set of input features.The systematic review follows the methodology proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the field of software engineering.As a result,9 papers that tackle AI algorithmrecommendation through tangible and traceable rules and heuristics were collected.The reduced number of retrieved papers suggests a lack of reporting explicit rules and heuristics when testing the suitability and performance of AI algorithms.

关键词： SLR systematic literature review artificial intelligence machine learning algorithm recommendation heuristics explainability

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Hyperglycemia and reduced adiposity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice are not alleviated by oral benzylamine supplementation

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第9期13卷 752-764页

作者： Christian Carpéné Kristiyan Stiliyanov Atanasov francisco Les Josep Mercader Barcelo Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires INSERM UMR 1297Toulouse 31432France Molecular Biology and One Health research group Department of Fundamental Biology and Health SciencesUniversity of the Balearic IslandsPalma 07122Spain Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad San JorgeVillanueva de GállegoZaragoza 50830Spain

BACKGROUND Benzylamine(Bza)oral administration delays the onset of hyperglycemia in insulin-resistant db-/-mice;a genetic model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.AIM To extend the antihyperglycemic properties of oral benzylamine to a model of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes.MeTHODS Male Swiss mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment(STZ)and divided in two groups:one received 0.5%Bza as drinking solution for 24 d(STZ Bza-drinking)while the other was drinking water ad libitum.Similar groups were constituted in age-matched,nondiabetic mice.Food intake,liquid intake,body weight gain and nonfasting blood glucose levels were followed during treatment.At the end of treatment,fasted glycemia,liver and white adipose tissue(WAT)mass were measured,while glucose uptake assays were performed in adipocytes.ReSULTS STZ diabetic mice presented typical features of insulin-deficient diabetes:reduced body mass and increased blood glucose levels.These altered parameters were not normalized in the Bza-drinking group in spite of restored food and water intake.Bza consumption could not reverse the severe fat depot atrophy of STZ diabetic mice.In the nondiabetic mice,no difference was found between control and Bza-drinking mice for any parameter.In isolated adipocytes,hexose uptake was partially activated by 0.1 mmol/L Bza in a manner that was obliterated in vitro by the amine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine and that remained unchanged after Bza supplementation.Oxidation of 0.1 mmol/L Bza in WAT was lower in STZ diabetic than in normoglycemic mice.CONCLUSION Bza supplementation could not normalize the altered glucose handling of STZ diabetic mice with severe WAT atrophy.Consequently,its antidiabetic potential in obese and diabetic rodents does not apply to lipoatrophic type 1 diabetic mice.

关键词： Diabetes Adipocytes Amine oxidases Insulin-like agents Glucose transport Polydipsia

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Chemotherapy induces cell plasticity;controlling plasticity increases therapeutic response

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第8期8卷 3563-3566页

作者： francisco J.Iborra Cristina Martí Virtu Calabuig-Navarro Petros Papadopoulos Salvador Meseguer Pedro M.Iborra francisco García Antonio Martínez-Lorente Fernando Almazán Juana Calabuig Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe(Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia) ValenciaSpain Pathology and Molecular Therapy Department Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia(IBV)CSICValenciaSpain Molecular and Cellular Biology Department Centro Nacional de Biotecnología(CNB)CSICMadridSpain Hematology Department Hospital Clínico San CarlosMadridSpain Medical Systems Biology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland IC Biomed AlicanteSpain VinalopóHospitals Elcheand Biotechnology DepartmentUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Dear editor,One of the most serious issues in modern oncology is the ineffectiveness of treatments in destroying tumours,which leads to tumour recurrence and,ultimately,patient death.This phenomenon is caused by conventional therapies’fractional killing of tumour cells,which can also cause resistant cells to spread.1 We analysed chemotherapy-resistant cells and discovered that they are smaller than untreated cells(Fig.1a).The fact that this phenomenon occurs in all tested cell types(Hela,A549,Huh7,and MCF7)and regardless of the chemotherapy regimen(TRAIL,Camptothecin,Doxorubicin)suggests that it is a widespread phenomenon(Fig.1a,Supplementary Fig.S1).

关键词： chemotherapy tumour plasticity

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Resampling in neural networks with application to spatial analysis

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第3期25卷 413-424页

作者： Bruno Póvoa Rodrigues Vinicius francisco Rofatto Marcelo Tomio Matsuoka Talita Teles Assunção Graduate Program in Agriculture and Geospatial Information Federal University of UberlândiaMonte CarmeloBrazil Institute of Geography Federal University of UberlândiaMonte CarmeloBrazil

In developing Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs),the available dataset is split into three categories:training,validation and testing.However,an important problem arises:How to trust the predic-tion provided by a particular ANN?Due to the randomness related to the network itself(architecture,initialization and learning procedure),there is usually no best choice.Considering this issue,we provide a framework,which captures the randomness related to the network itself.The idea is to perform several training and test trials based on the Jackknife resampling method.Jackknife consists of iteratively deleting a single observation each time from the sample and recomputing the ANN on the rest of the sample data.Consequently,interval prediction is available instead of point prediction.The proposed method was applied and tested using pH,Ca and P data obtained by analyzing 118 georeferenced soil points.The results,based on the dataset size simulation,showed that 60%reduction in available dataset offers compatible accuracy in relation to full dataset,and therefore a higher cost of sampling in the field would not be necessary.The re-sampling method spatially characterizes the points of greater or lesser accuracy and uncertainty.The re-sampling method increased the success rate by using interval prediction instead of using the mean as the most probable value.Although we restrict it to the regression neural network model,the resampling method proposed can also be extended to other modern statistical tools,such as Kriging,Least Squares Collocation(LSC),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and so on.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network(ANN) data splitting resampling delete-1 Jackknife spatial analysis

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Predicting eHL film thickness parameters by machine learning approaches

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Friction 2023年第6期11卷 992-1013页

作者： Max MARIAN Jonas MURSAK Marcel BARTZ francisco J.PROFITO Andreas ROSeNKRANZ Sandro WARTZACK Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical engineering School of EngineeringPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago6904411Chile engineering Design Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Department of Mechanical engineering Polytechnic School of the University of São PauloSão Paulo05508-030Brazil Department of Chemical engineering Biotechnology and Materials(DIQBM)FCFMUniversidad de ChileSantiago8370456Chile

Non-dimensional similarity groups and analytically solvable proximity equations can be used to estimate integral fluid film parameters of elastohydrodynamically lubricated(eHL)contacts.In this contribution,we demonstrate that machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)approaches(support vector machines,Gaussian process regressions,and artificial neural networks)can predict relevant film parameters more efficiently and with higher accuracy and flexibility compared to sophisticated eHL simulations and analytically solvable proximity equations,respectively.For this purpose,we use data from eHL simulations based upon the full-system finite element(Fe)solution and a Latin hypercube sampling.We verify that the original input data are required to train ML approaches to achieve coefficients of determination above 0.99.It is revealed that the architecture of artificial neural networks(neurons per layer and number of hidden layers)and activation functions influence the prediction accuracy.The impact of the number of training data is exemplified,and recommendations for a minimum database size are given.We ultimately demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict the locally-resolved film thickness values over the contact domain 25-times faster than Fe-based eHL simulations(R^(2) values above 0.999).We assume that this will boost the use of ML approaches to predict eHL parameters and traction losses in multibody system dynamics simulations.

关键词： machine learning elastohydrodynamic lubrication film thickness support vector machine Gaussian process regression artificial neural network

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Adenosine A1 receptor ligands bind toα-synuclein:implications forα-synuclein misfolding andα-synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 809-834页

作者： elisabet Jakova Mohamed Taha Moutaoufik Jeremy S.Lee Mohan Babu francisco S.Cayabyab Department of Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ReginaReginaSKCanada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada.

Background:Accumulatingα-synuclein(α-syn)aggregates in neurons and glial cells are the staples of many synucleinopathy disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD).Since brain adenosine becomes greatly elevated in ageing brains and chronic adenosine A1 receptor(A1R)stimulation leads to neurodegeneration,we determined whether adenosine or A1R receptor ligands mimic the action of known compounds that promoteα-syn aggregation(e.g.,the amphetamine analogue 2-aminoindan)or inhibitα-syn aggregation(e.g.,Rasagiline metabolite 1-aminoindan).In the present study,we determined whether adenosine,A1R receptor agonist N^(6)-Cyclopentyladenosine(CPA)and antago-nist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine(DPCPX)could directly interact withα-syn to modulateα-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN).Methods:Nanopore analysis and molecular docking were used to test the binding properties of CPA and DPCPX withα-syn in vitro.Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 7-day intraperitoneal injections of the A1R ligands and 1-and 2-aminoindan,and levels ofα-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration were examined in the SN pars compacta and hippocampal regions using confocal imaging and Western blotting.Results:Using nanopore analysis,we showed that the A1R agonists(CPA and adenosine)interacted with the N-terminus ofα-syn,similar to 2-aminoindan,which is expected to promote a“knot”conformation andα-syn misfolding.In contrast,the A1R antagonist DPCPX interacted with the N-and C-termini ofα-syn,similar to 1-aminoindan,which is expected to promote a“loop”conformation that preventsα-syn misfolding.Molecular docking studies revealed that adenosine,CPA and 2-aminoindan interacted with the hydrophobic core ofα-syn N-terminus,whereas DPCPX and 1-aminoindan showed direct binding to the N-and C-terminal hydrophobic pockets.Confocal imaging and Western blot analyses revealed that chronic treatments with CPA alone or in combination with 2-aminoindan increasedα-syn expression/aggregation and neurodegeneration in

关键词： Alpha-synucleinopathy Adenosine A1 receptor N6-cyclopentyladenosine 8-cyclopentyl-1 3-dipropylxanthine 1-aminoindan 2-aminoindan Neuroprotection Neurodegeneration Protein misfolding

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The first scientific plan of the MosqueCathedral of Cordoba:Graphic and dimensional analysis of an oil painting from 1741

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第4期12卷 587-600页

作者： Juan Cantizani-Oliva Juan-francisco Reinoso-Gordo Antonio Gamiz-Gordo electrical and Automatic engineering Department University of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Architectural and engineering Graphic expression Department University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Architectural Graphic expression Department University of SevilleSeville 41012Spain

This research analyzes the earliest located floor plan of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba,an anonymous oil painting in 1741,which has not been studied so far.The objective is to know the dimensional accuracy of the most relevant architectural forms drawn,considering the elements referenced in their legend and the graphic symbols used,to assess their documentary interest.It has also been compared with two important plans of the MosqueCathedral drawn in 1767 and 1868.The first task was a photogrammetric survey of the oil painting has been carried out.Subsequently,some data has been measured in the monument using a 3D scanner.The orthophoto of the oil painting has been overlapped to the digital model to verify its metric accuracy in a selection of points.For the first time,the legend and labels included in the oil painting have been transcribed.This precise graphic document contains reliable abundant data for future research about the transformations and restorations of a monument that is part of the UNeSCO World Heritage List.The oil painting dating from 1741 can be considered as the first scientific plan of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba,and as an outstanding architectural survey of eighteenth-century europe.

关键词： Mosque-Cathedral Co´rdoba Historical plans Photogrammetry 3D laser scanner

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