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Comparison of Insecticide Resistance and Its Enzyme Mechanisms among Aedes aegypti Collected with Three Methods in a Dengue-Endemic City in Southern Mexico

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第3期10卷 252-266页

作者： Walter Eduardo Quezada-Yaguachi Americo D. rodriguez francisco Solís-Santoyo Alma Delia López-Solís William C. Black IV Karla Saavedra-rodriguez Diego morales-Viteri R. Patricia Penilla-Navarro Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Tapachula Mexico Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Sector “El Dorado” Centro de Referencia Nacional de Vectores Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública Quito Ecuador

Background: Despite the physical and chemical effort to control Aedes aegypti, the arboviruses transmission in the south of Mexico remains latent. Trying to improve the methods of entomological surveillance routinely used, whether the estimation of resistance to insecticides used for its control, as well as their enzyme mechanisms, were influenced by the phase in which the mosquitoes were collected through three different collection methods was investigated. Materials and Methods: Mosquito collections from the “5 de Febrero” neighborhood in Tapachula, Mexico were obtained by ovitraps, larvitraps, and a CDC backpack aspirator. Insecticide resistance of F1 females was determined by WHO diagnostic doses and resistance ratios (RR50), furthermore, levels of insecticide metabolism enzymes were determined by biochemical assays. Results: Overall, in mosquitoes collected by ovitraps, larvitraps, and CDC backpack aspirator respectively, the low mortalities obtained with the discriminant dose to Malathion (27.57%, 26.97%, and 26.91%), and to Bendiocarb (50.5%, 45.36%, and 54.97%) suggest resistance. However, LC50 for Malathion (0.922, 0.934, and 0.915) and for Bendiocarb (0.112, 0.109, and 0.107);and the low resistance ratios (RR50) for Malathion (3.34, 3.29, and 3.27) and for Bendiocarb (2.15, 2.1, and 2.06) does not suggest resistance. Although a slight numerical variation is observed between the three LC50 values, the overlap observed between their confidence intervals allows us to assume that there were no differences between the three methods. In general, esterases (determined with three substrates), glutathion S-transferases (GST) and cytochromes P450 were statistically higher than those of the susceptible strain;and the three enzyme levels were statistically different among the three collection methods (P Conclusion: Although using a CDC backpack aspirator demonstrated being the best collection method determining a specific resistance mechanism (as ele

关键词： CDC Backpack Aspirator Insecticide Resistance Larvitraps Mosquitoes Ovitraps

Comparative Evaluation of the Regular Ovitrap vs an Innovated Larvitrap for <i>Aedes</i>Entomological Surveillance in Tapachula

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第1期10卷 77-84页

作者： Walter Eduardo Quezada-Yaguachi Americo D. rodriguez[1&dagger ] francisco Solís-Santoyo Alma D. Lopez-Solis William C. Black IV Karla Saavedra-rodriguez Diego morales-Viteri Patricia Penilla-Navarro Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Tapachula Mexico Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins USA Centro de Referencia Nacional de Vectores Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública Quito Ecuador

Objective: The objective is to compare a regular ovitrap versus an innovated larvitrap for monitoring Aedes spp. populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 regular ovitraps and 20 innovated larvitraps were placed in pairs in 20 houses from the 5 de Febrero neighborhood in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. The innovation consisted in the incorporation of a valve in the lower part of a half tire to drain the contents in a 2 L collection container. The evaluation was carried out during five weeks, collecting eggs and larvae from the ovitraps and innovated larvitraps, respectively. Positivity indexes and insectary production of adult Aedes spp. mosquitoes were compared by collection type. Results: Average positivity index for the five weeks period were 60% for ovitraps and 91.25% for innovated larvitraps. During the five weeks, 4043 Ae. aegypti and 703 Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes were produced in the insectary from the eggs collected from ovitraps, while from innovated larvitraps were 9014 Ae. aegypti, 1205 Ae. albopictus, and 15 Culex spp. Conclusion: Collection by the innovated larvitrap was more efficient, collecting 3.56 times more Ae. aegypti than with ovitraps, using approximately the same effort in time for replacing the filter paper from traditional 1 L ovitraps. Since the logistics for the storage and placement of larvitraps may still be a disadvantage in comparison with ovitraps, their use could be specifically intended in sentinel sites for mosquito population monitoring for entomological surveillance purposes.

关键词： Innovated Larvitrap Ovitrap Aedes Entomological Surveillance

Sudden death in a patient with a short PR interval and subsequent sudden onset of a typical Tako-tsubo pattern

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2013年第3期3卷 95-97页

作者： francisco R. Breijo-Marquez manuel Pardo Rios Conmemorative Hospital East Boston USA School of Medicine Murcia Spain

The Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as transient apical dysfunction, transient apical dyskinesia, stress-induced cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, is a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the myocardium. The PR interval reflects the time the electrical impulse takes to travel from the sinus node through the AV node and entering the ventricles. The PR interval is therefore a good estimate of AV node function. Its normal values are between 0.120 - 0.200 seconds. When its length is lesser than 0.120 seconds, we speak as a short PR-interval. This event has a great capacity for severe cardiac arrhythmia production. Both entities can be very dangerous, separately. When they are together in the same individual, the consequences could be deadly.

关键词： Takotsubo Disease Short PR-Interval Lown-Ganong-Levine Tachycardias

Intervention for reducing stigma: Assessing the influence of gender and knowledge

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第2期3卷 18-24页

作者： francisco Martínez-Zambrano Esther García-morales Mar García-Franco Jose Miguel Raul Villellas Gemma Pascual Otilia Arenas Susana Ochoa Psychosocial Rehabilitation Ser-vice El Prat Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuEl Prat de Llobregat08918 BarcelonaSpain Mental Health Center El Prat Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu08918 BarcelonaSpain Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services of Baix Llo-bregat Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu08918 BarcelonaSpain Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu08918 BarcelonaSpain

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness in reducing social stigma of an intervention and to assess the influence of gender and knowledge.METHODS: The program consisted in providing information and contact with users of mental health in order to reduce social stigma in the school environment. A total of 62 secondary school students(age 14-16 years) were evaluated with the Opinions on Mental Illness(OMI) questionnaire before and after the intervention. The subscales of the OMI were: authoritarianism, interpersonal etiology, benevolence, restrictiveness and negativism. The analysis was performed over the total sample, separating by gender and knowledge of someone with a mental disorder. t-test for repeated measures was used in the statistical analysis.RESULTS: All the OMI subscales showed a significant change after the intervention(P < 0.001), except for benevolence. Women presented significant changes in the subscales of authoritarianism and restrictiveness, while men presented changes in negativism and interpersonal etiology rather than restrictiveness(P < 0.001-0.003). Students that knew someone with a mental disorder presented significant changes in authoritarianism, interpersonal etiology, and negativism(P < 0.001-0.003) and students that do not know anyone with a mental disorder improved in restrictiveness and authoritarianism(P < 0.001-0.001). In all the subscales of the instrument the students improved their perception of mental disorders, reducing their levels of stigma.CONCLUSION: The intervention designed to reduce social stigma was effective, especially in the area of authoritarianism. The whole sample showed improved attitudes towards mental illness, although the areas were different depending on gender and knowledge.

关键词： Mental disorders Stigma Intervention Contact Information Schizophrenia Schools

Innovate combination of sevoflurane dilution in dimethyl sulfoxide: A stability study by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2016年第3期5卷 59-67页

作者： F Dámaso Fernández-Ginés Sergio García-Mu?oz Héctor Mateo-Carrasco Miguel ángel Rincón-Cervera manuel Corti?as-Sáenz José Antonio morales-Molina Carmen Fernández-Sánchez Juan Miguel Expósito-López Ignacio rodríguez-García Department of Pharmacy Torrecárdenas Hospital University of Almería Aseptic Services Unit Department of Pharmacy Northampton General Hospital Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology University of Chile Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Torrecárdenas Hospital Department of Pharmacy Agencia Pública Empresarial Sanitaria Hospital de Poniente Department of Chemistry and Physics University of Almería

AIM To investigate physicochemical stability of sevoflurane in dimethyl sulfoxide using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).METHODS Undiluted sevoflurane, plus dilutions 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:25, and 1:50 in dimethyl sulfoxide were prepared in a vertical laminar flow cabinet class Ⅱ type B and stored at different temperatures(23 ℃, 6 ℃, and-10 ℃) for 45 d. Sterile 1 mL polypropylene amber syringes to minimize light degradation, caps and needles were used. The presence of sevoflurane and its degradation products in the samples was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector(260 ℃, 40 min), and by ~1H, ^(19) F, and proton-decoupled ^(19) F nuclear magnetic resonance.RESULTS The gas chromatography analysis showed sevoflurane and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) retention times were 2.7 and 13.0 min, respectively. Pure DMSO injection into the column resulted in two additional peaks at 2.1 and 2.8 min. The same sevoflurane peak at 2.7 min was observed in all the dilutions at-10 ℃, 4 ℃ and 25 ℃. The NMR spectra showed signals consistent with the sevoflurane structure in all the dilutions at-10 ℃, 4 ℃ and 25 ℃. In the ~1H spectrum, two signals corresponding to the sevoflurane molecule were observed at 5.12 and 4.16 parts per million(ppm5). In the ^(19)F-NMR spectrum, two signals were observed at-76.77 ppm and-157.13 ppm. In the ^(19)F NMR CPD, two signals were observed at-76.77 ppm and-157.13 ppm. The first one showed a doublet(JF-F = 3.1 Hz) which integrated by six fluorine nuclei from the hexafluoro-isopropyl group. The second signal was integrated by a fluorine atom and showed a septuplet(JF-F = 3.1 Hz).CONCLUSION This study shows that different concentrations of sevoflurane in dimethyl sulfoxide retain their chemical composition after exposure to different temperatures for a period of 45 d.

关键词：七氟醚分子药物治疗治疗方法临床分析

A Comparative Analysis between the Spanish and Portuguese Seismic Codes: Application to a Border RC Primary School

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2020年第3期10卷 87-97页

作者： María-Victoria Requena-Garcia-Cruz Antonio morales-Esteban María-Luisa Segovia-Verjel Emilio Romero-Sánchez Jaime De-Miguel-rodríguezand João manuel Carvalho Estêvão Department of Building Structures and Geotechnical Engineering University of SevilleAv.Reina Mercedes 2Seville 41012Spain Department of Civil Engineering ISEUniversity of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal

The Iberian Peninsula is close to the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary resulting in a considerable seismic hazard.In fact,the southwestern Iberian Peninsula is affected by far away earthquakes of long-return period with large-very large magnitude.A project named PERSISTAH(Projetos de Escolas Resilientes aos SISmos no Território do Algarve e de Huelva,in Portuguese)aims to cooperatively assess the seismic vulnerability of primary schools located in the Algarve(Portugal)and Huelva(Spain).Primary schools have been selected due to the considerable amount of similar buildings and their seismic vulnerability.In Portugal,the Decreto Lei 235/83(RSAEEP)is mandatory while in Spain,the mandatory code is the Seismic Building Code(NCSE-02).In both countries,the Eurocode-8(EC-8)is recommended.Despite the fact that both regions would be equally affected by an earthquake,both seismic codes are significantly different.This research compares the seismic action of Ayamonte(Huelva)and Vila Real de Santo António(Portugal).Both towns are very close and located at both sides of the border.Moreover,they share the same geology.This analysis has been applied considering a reinforced concrete(RC)primary school building located in Huelva.To do so,the performance-based method has been used.The seismic action and the damage levels are compared and analysed.The results have shown considerable differences in the seismic actions designation,in the performance point values and in the damage levels.The values considered in the Portuguese code are significantly more unfavourable.An agreement between codes should be made for border regions.

关键词： Performance-based method seismic code seismic behaviour nonlinear analysis Iberian Peninsula RC building

Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability： The Case of Caixa Geral de Dep6sitos （Portugal） and Vale （Brazil）

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第5期10卷 352-375页

作者： Jose Antonio Candeias Bonito Filipe manuel francisco Pacheco Coelho manuel Alberto M. Ferreira Ivo Cunha Figueredo Instituto Universitario de Lisboa （ISCTE-IUL） UNIDE-IUL Lisboa Portugal lnstituto Superior de Economia e Gestao （ISEG-UTL） SOCIUS. Lisboa Portugal Instituto Universitairio de Lisboa （ISCTE-IUL） Lisboa Portugal

Social responsibility requires a set of duties and obligations, whether individuals or firms in relation to society and to the communities in which the organization is operating. The tradition of social intervention in Portugal dates from the fifteenth century and the founding of Mercy. However, environmental issues have never been felt in a sensitive position in responsible business, given the weakness of industrial development which lasted until the 60’s. In Brazil, the corporate social responsibility is still particularly a big challenge, since the actions of social responsibility have not contributed effectively to improve the living conditions of society and the transformation of existing social reality. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the perspective of environmental sustainability that underpins the more general concept of social responsibility and, through the case study Caixa Geral de Depósitos, assess the strengths and weaknesses of the development of measures of social responsibility in this area in Portugal, and present the case of the company Vale, carrying out business in Brazil.

关键词：社会责任感环境问题葡萄牙可持续发展巴西河谷淡水环境可持续性

<i>Ab Initio</i>Molecular Orbital Calculation for Optical and Electronic Properties Evaluation of Small and Medium Size Silicon Nano-Clusters Found in Silicon Rich Oxide Films

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第11期4卷 1-26页

作者： Néstor David Espinosa Torres José francisco Javier Flores Gracia José Alberto Luna López Juan Carlos Ramírez García Alfredo morales Sánchez José Luis Sosa Sánchez David Hernández de la Luz francisco morales morales Research Center for Advanced Materials S.C. Unit Monterrey-PIIT Apodaca México Research Center for Semiconductor Devices CIDS-ICUAP-BUAP Puebla México The Faculty of Chemical Sciences BUAP Puebla México

In systems in atomic and nano scales such as clusters or agglomerates constituted of particles from a few to less than one hundred of atoms, quantum confinement effects are very important. Their optical and electronic properties are often dependent on the size of the systems and the way in which the atoms in these clusters are bonded. Generally, these nano-structures display optical and electronic properties significantly different of those found in corresponding bulk materials. Silicon agglomerates found in Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) films have optical properties, which have reported as depended directly on nano-crystal size. Furthermore, the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) of Silicon Rich Oxides (SRO) has repeatedly generated a huge interest due to their possible applications in optoelectronic devices. However, a plausible emission mechanism has not yet widespread acceptance of the scientific community. In this research, we employed the Density Functional Theory with a functional B3LYP and a basis set 6 - 31G* to calculate the optical and electronic properties of small (six to ten silicon atoms) and medium size clusters of silicon (constituted of eleven to fourteen silicon atoms). With the theoretical calculation of the structural and optical properties of silicon clusters, it is possible to evaluate the contribution of silicon agglomerates in the luminescent emission mechanism experimentally found in thin SRO films.

关键词： Nano-Crystals Silicon Clusters Silicon-Rich Oxide Luminescence Magic-Number

Complications of hip fractures: A review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第4期5卷 402-411页

作者： Pedro Carpintero Jose Ramón Caeiro Rocío Carpintero Angela morales Samuel Silva manuel Mesa Department of Orthopaedic University Hospital Reina Sofía 14004 Córdoba Spain Department of Orthopaedic University Hospital Santiago de Compostela 15006 La Corua Spain Department of Anesthesia University Hospital Reina Sofia 14004 Córdoba Spain Orthopaedic Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches 14400 Pozoblanco Spain

Nowadays, fracture surgery represents a big part of the orthopedic surgeon workload, and usually has associated major clinical and social cost implications. These fractures have several complications. Some of these are medical, and other related to the surgical treatment itself. Medical complications may affect around 20% of patients with hip fracture. Cognitive and neurological alterations, cardiopulmonary affections(alone or combined), venous thromboembolism, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, urinary tract complications, perioperative anemia, electrolytic and metabolic disorders, and pressure scars are the most important medical complications after hip surgery in terms of frequency, increase of length of stay and perioperative mortality. Complications arising from hip fracture surgery are fairly common, and vary depending on whether the fracture is intracapsular or extracapsular. The main problems in intracapsular fractures are biological: vascularization of the femoral head, and lack of periosteum-a major contributor to fracture healing- in the femoral neck. In extracapsularfractures, by contrast, the problem is mechanical, and relates to load-bearing. Early surgical fixation, the role of anti-thromboembolic and anti-infective prophylaxis, good pain control at the perioperative, detection and management of delirium, correct urinary tract management, avoidance of malnutrition, vitamin D supplementation, osteoporosis treatment and advancement of early mobilization to improve functional recovery and falls prevention are basic recommendations for an optimal maintenance of hip fractured patients.

关键词： Hip fracture Complications Morbidity Mortality Anesthesia