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Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 33-48页

作者： francis levi.a.durano Jon Marx SARMIENTO Larry N.DIGAL Pedro A.ALVIOLA IV School of Management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation

关键词： Cocoa farms Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines Stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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Real-time Quantitative Study for Rhythmic Profiles of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase,and Thymidylate Synthase in mRNA Level on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

Real-time Quantitative Study for Rhythmic Profiles of Dihydr...

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2006全国时间生物医学学术会议

作者： levi francis

In Southern China,chrono-chemotherapy has been tried to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients using 5-Fu combined with platinum complexes. However,there was no enough data about circadian profiles of the circadian profiles of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate synthase (TS) in mRNA level on Chinese NPC patients. In present study,total of 13 NPC patients were involved,9 males and 4 *** veinal blood was collected at 6 time points (12:00,16:00,20:00,and 24:00,04:00,08:00) during a single 24 hours from all the participants. The circadian gene expression profiles of DPD,TS in PBMC were measured using the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. In addition, the whole-blood reduced Glutathione (GSH), Dihydrouracil and uracil ratios (UH2/U ratios)(an indirect method for measuring DPD activity, HPLC method), plasma cortisol level were also measured. In present study, Mesor (rhythm-adjust mean) of DPD gene copies was 6.21×107±7.76±106 copy/μg RNA (mesor±SEM), and it was 828×103±8.33×102 copy/ug RNA for TS gene. It was of no statistical significance for DPD mRNA expression according to sampling time (ANOVA for Repeated Measures,F= 1.067,P=0.369;Cosinor,P=0.078), and for TS (ANOVA for Repeated Measures, F= 0.505, P = 0.765, Cosinor, P = 0.1068). The plasma cortisol displayed a clearly circadian rhythm and the peak time located at 09:14±01:11 (Corsinor, P < 0.0001). The mean value of UH2/U was 4.80±0.20 and a significant circadian rhythm was not displayed (ANOVA for Repeated Measures, F= 0.352,P = 0.862;Corsinor, P = 03053). The mesor value of GSH was 19.60±1.11 (nmol/L) and GSH displayed a possible circadian rhythm and the acrophase located at 05:02 (ANOVA for Repeated Measures,F= 3.985, P = 0.050;Corsinor, P=0.0645). In conclusion, a clear circadian rhythm was not displayed for DPD gene and TS gene in mRNA level, also not found for DPD activity on Chinese NPC patients, although these patients still maintained an obvious circadian rhythm in

关键词： Chrono-chemotherapy Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Thymidylate synthase

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Meal timing and Jet lag effects on Tumor Growth in Mice : relation to circadian timing system

Meal timing and Jet lag effects on Tumor Growth in Mice : re...

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2004全国时间生物医学学术会议

作者： levi francis 吴明玮 INSERM E 0354 hronothapeutique des cancers? Hital. Paul Brousse and Universit?Paris XI 94807 Villejuif Cedex France 中山大学肿瘤防治中心实验研究部

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE : The circadian timing system plays an important role in cancer genesis and progression. Several hormonal, metabolic or molecular variables which closely related to cancer proc

关键词： Tumor Circadian rhythm Meal timing Jet lag

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荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠骨髓细胞DNA合成及凋亡相关基因表达的生物节律的初步研究

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癌症 2002年第8期21卷 833-837页

作者：孙健冼励坚曹弃元叶燕丽曾昭蕾 Xu-hui LIU Xiao-mei LI francis levi 中山大学肿瘤防治中心广东广州510060 LaboratoireRhythmsBiologiquesetChronotherapeutiqueI.C.I.G.etUniversiteParisXI

背景与目的:有关鼻咽癌的生物节律特征尚未见文献报道。本文拟探索荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠骨髓细胞的DNA合成及几种凋亡相关基因表达的生物节律,为临床制定鼻咽癌时辰化疗方案提供必要的参数。方法:BALB/C裸小鼠69只,置于程控的独立光照系统(12... 详细信息

背景与目的:有关鼻咽癌的生物节律特征尚未见文献报道。本文拟探索荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠骨髓细胞的DNA合成及几种凋亡相关基因表达的生物节律,为临床制定鼻咽癌时辰化疗方案提供必要的参数。方法:BALB/C裸小鼠69只,置于程控的独立光照系统(12h光照,12h黑暗)同步化至少3周。然后双侧腋窝皮下接种人鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞(CNE-2)裸小鼠移植瘤,成瘤后按6个不同时间点分批处死小鼠,收集骨髓细胞,固定、染色后流式细胞仪测DNA含量,用ANOVA法检验各期细胞在6个时间点差异的显著性,Cosinor法考察G1、S、G2/M期细胞在24h的分布是否符合余弦函数。部分骨髓细胞经裂解、蛋白定量后用WesternBlot法检测不同时间点p53、p21和Bcl-2三种基因蛋白表达的变化情况。结果:G1、S、G2/M期细胞在3、7、11、15、19、23HALO(HoursAfterLightOnset即灯亮后第3、7、11、19、23h)的分布随时间变化有显著性差异,G1、G2/M期细胞24h变化符合余弦节律,高峰值分别位于10.8HALO和1.8HALO。骨髓细胞p53和Bcl-2蛋白表达24h强度不同。p53在11HALO最强,在7HALO最弱;Bcl-2在15HALO最强,在19HALO最弱,p21蛋白未见表达。结论:荷人鼻咽癌裸小鼠骨髓细胞DNA合成随昼夜交替呈节律变化,p53和Bcl-2蛋白表达随昼夜时间变化而规律性波动。

关键词：鼻咽肿瘤生物节律骨髓细胞 DNA合成

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Conversion of Unresectable to Resectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma Using Hepatic Arterial Chronomodulated Chemotherapy: A Case Report and Short Literature Review

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Surgical Science 2018年第10期9卷 358-366页

作者： Evgeny Y. Parnes Maria S. Sayapina Alexey A. Tryakin Mohamed Bouchahda Pasquale F. Innominato Jean-Francois Morere francis A. levi Rene Adam The Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation Moscow Russia N.N. Blokhin Russian Oncology Research Center Moscow Russia Department of Medical Oncology Assistance Publique H&ocirc pitaux de Paris H&ocirc pital Paul Brousse Villejuif France INSERM UMRS 776 “Biological Rhythms and Cancers” Campus CNRS Villejuif France Cancer Chronotherapy Team Warwick Medical School Coventry United Kingdom Hepato-Biliary Center Assistance Publique H&ocirc pitaux de Paris H&ocirc pital Paul Brousse Villejuif France

Background: The regional chronomodulated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is an effective regimen for the treatment of patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer, especially for the conversion into resectability. Aim: To demonstrate that chronomodulated HAI triplet chemotherapy according to OPTILIV protocol is well tolerated and displayed high antitumor activity in this heavily-pretreated patient. Case Presentation: A 54 years old patient from Russia was treated for a tumor in the ascending colon presented with 13 hepatic metastases ranging from 0.3 to 2.7 cm in diameter. He underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, 12 cycles of FOLFIRINOX combined to bevacizumab for the last 5 cycles, resulting in a partial response according to CT scan. It was decided to perform a two-stage hepatectomy at Paul Brousse hospital: left partial hepatectomy allowed the excision of 9 lesions. Radio frequency ablation was performed in 2 nodular lesions. Afterwards, the patient received 5 cycles of chronomodulated triplet chemotherapy into the hepatic artery, according to the OPTILIV protocol design, yet without cetuximab, because of the KRAS mutation in the liver metastases, with a partial re-sponse. The patient could then undergo the second stage of the planned right hepatectomy, which turned out to be an R0 resection followed by receiving three courses of chronomodulated HAIC. Disease progression was documented after 3 months. Chronomodulated FOLFIRI chemotherapy was re-started intravenously, in combination with Aflibercept and it was associated with further disease progression. The genetic analysis of our patient’s cancer revealed a high level of MSI. The patient was included in the Phase 2 CheckMate-142 trial and received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks within 3 months. Treatment was discontinued due to ineffectiveness. Then the patient underwent radiotherapy geared towards reduction of pain. Afterwards, the patient died from the disease progr

关键词： The Regional Chronomodulated Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Conversion of Unresectable to Resectable Liver Metastases

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