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Oncogenic induction of cellular high CpG methylation by Epstein-Barr Barr virus in malignant epithelial cells

Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第12期33卷 604-608页

作者： lili li Yuan Zhang Bing-Bing Guo francis k.l.chan Qian Tao Cancer Epigenetics laboratory Department of Clinical Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Institute of Digestive Disease State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is a well-known human herpesvirus associated with virtually all nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and^10%of gastric cancer(GC)*** evidence shows that acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to the initiation and progression of NPC and ***,even deep whole exome sequencing studies showed a relatively low frequency of gene mutations in NPC and EBV-associated GC(EBVa GC),suggesting a predominant role of epigenetic abnormities,especially promoter Cp G methylation,in the pathogenesis of NPC and EBVa *** frequencies of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs)have been frequently reported in NPC and EBVa GC,with several EBV-induced methylated TSGs *** characterization of the epigenomes(genome-wide Cp G methylation profile—methylome)of NPC and EBVa GC shows that these EBV-associated tumors display a unique high Cp G methylation epigenotype with more extensive gene methylation accumulation,indicating that EBV acts as a direct epigenetic driver for these ***,oncogenic modulation of cellular Cp G methylation machinery,such as DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs),by EBV-encoded viral proteins accounts for the EBV-induced high Cp G methylation epigenotype in NPC and EBVa ***,uncovering the EBV-associated unique epigenotype of NPC and EBVa GC would provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of these unique EBVassociated tumors and further help to develop pharmacologic strategies targeting cellular methylation machinery in these malignancies.

关键词： Epstein-Barr病毒恶性肿瘤细胞基因甲基化病毒诱导 CpG 上皮细胞致癌全国人民代表大会

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Baseline gut microbiota and metabolome predict durable immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 5085-5095页

作者： Ye Peng lin Zhang Chris k.P.Mok Jessica Y.l.Ching Shilin Zhao Matthew k.l.Wong Jie Zhu Chunke Chen Shilan Wang Shuai Yan Biyan Qin Yingzhi liu Xi Zhang Chun Pun Cheung Pui kuan Cheong ka long Ip Adrian C.H.Fung kenneth k.Y.Wong David S.C.Hui francis k.l.chan Siew C.Ng Hein M.Tun Microbiota I-Center(MaglC) Hong KongChina Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina li ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Gut Microbiota Research The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of cOVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be *** this cohort study,we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline,1 month,and 6 months post vaccination(p.v).Neutralisation antibody,plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition.

关键词： vaccine immunity vaccines

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Multi-omic analyses identify mucosa bacteria and fecal metabolites associated with weight loss after fecal microbiota transplantation

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 129-139页

作者： Fen Zhang Tao Zuo Yating Wan Zhilu Xu Chunpan Cheung Amy Yli Wenyi Zhu Whitney Tang Paul k.S.chan francis k.l.chan Siew C.Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesLKS Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Microbiota I-Center(MagIC) Hong Kong 999077China Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Center for Gut Microbiota Research Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has shown promising results in animal models of obesity,while results in human studies are *** aimed to determine factors associated with weight loss after FMT in nine obese subjects using serial multi-omics analysis of the fecal and mucosal *** mucosal microbiome,fecal microbiome,and fecal metabolome showed individual clustering in each subject after *** colonic microbiome in patients showed more marked variance after FMT compared with the duodenal microbiome,characterized by an increased relative abundance of *** who lost weight after FMT sustained enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Alistipes onderdonkii in the duodenal,colonic mucosal,and fecal microbiome and increased levels of phosphopantothenate biosynthesis and fecal metabolite eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),compared with those without weight *** levels of amino acid metabolism-associated were positively correlated with the fecal abundance of ***,and fatty acid metabolism-associated metabolites showed positive correlations with ***.

关键词： metabolism sustained weight

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SEIRS model for malaria transmission dynamics incorporating seasonality and awareness campaign

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 84-102页

作者： francis Oketch Ochieng Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobi62000-00200Kenya

Malaria,a devastating disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes,remains a significant public health concern,claiming over 600,000 lives annually,predominantly among *** tools,including the application of Wolbachia,are being developed to combat malaria-transmitting *** study presents a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible(SEIRS)compartmental mathematical model to evaluate the impact of awareness-based control measures on malaria transmission dynamics,incorporating mosquito interactions and *** the next-generation matrix approach,we calculated a basic reproduction number(R0)of 2.4537,indicating that without robust control measures,the disease will persist in the human *** model equations were solved numerically using fourth and fifth-order Runge-kutta *** model was fitted to malaria incidence data from kenya spanning 2000 to 2021 using least squares curve *** fitting algorithm yielded a mean absolute error(MAE)of 2.6463 when comparing the actual data points to the simulated values of infectious human population(Ih).This finding indicates that the proposed mathematical model closely aligns with the recorded malaria incidence *** optimal values of the model parameters were estimated from the fitting algorithm,and future malaria dynamics were projected for the next *** research findings suggest that social media-based awareness campaigns,coupled with specific optimization control measures and effective management methods,offer the most cost-effective approach to managing malaria.

关键词： SEIRS model Malaria transmission dynamics Model fitting Basic reproduction number Stability analysis Seasonality Awareness campaign Runge–kutta method

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Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang Yingie Hu Fengzhu li francis R.lin Alex k-Y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State key laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation

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Synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide and its composite with carbon dots for DSSCs applications using flexible electrode

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2024年第3期4卷 77-83页

作者： Habtamu Fekadu Etefa francis Birhanu Dejene Department of Physics Walter Sisulu UniversityPrivate Bag X-1Mthatha5117South Africa

ZnO nanowires(ZnO NWs),ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and carbon dots(C-dots)were synthesized by hydrothermal,sol-gel and hydrothermal methods *** were also characterized and applied for dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The effects of C-dots on ZnO NWs and ZnO NPs have been *** C-dots were used at a mole ratio of citric acid(CA)to ethylene diamine(EDA)of 1:*** C-dots were found to enhance the performance of the flexible electrode *** the addition of C-dots,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of ZnO NPs was boosted to be two times higher than that of ZnO NPs DSSCs without ***,the ultraviolet(UV)-band revealed a blue shift,resulting in a lower band gap and a reduced charge transfer resistance,which can enhance the PCE of *** loaded quantity on the flexible electrode substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)was optimized(50 mg).For DSSCs,the PET flexible electrode conductive polymer has produced positive *** ZnO NWs and ZnO NWs@C-dots,the PCE values were 1.45%and 4.25%;while for ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs@C-dots,they were 2.34%and 5.81%,*** work achieved remarkable and competitive performance when compared to solid(indium tin oxides/glass)-based substrate.

关键词： ZnO NWs@C-dots ZnO NPs@C-dots PET DSSCs Flexible electrode

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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema kavitha l.francis Raj Sandeep kautish Abdulaziz S.Almazyad karam M.Sallam Ali Wagdy Mohamed Department of Mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine *** enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images *** image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye *** degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal *** proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between *** methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them adequate for the process of glaucoma *** objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were *** the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the *** and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the combined fuzzy matrix and *** distinguished between a normal and abnormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal images

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The Potential Game-changer:A Concept-to-Proof Study on D:A Heterojunction-Free Organic Photovoltaics

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 252-258页

作者： lijian Zuo Sae Byeok Jo Xueliang Shi francis lin Alex Jen State key laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419 Republic of Korea School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong kong Institute for Clean Energy Hong KongChina

Since 1986,the donor-acceptor (D:A) heterojunction has been regarded a necessity for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs),due to its unique advantage in compensating the intrinsic limitations of organic semiconductors,such as high exciton binding energy and poor ambipolar charge mobility. While this adversely causes tremendous non-radiative charge recombination and instability issues,which currently become the most critical limits for commercialization of OPVs. Here,we present a concept-to-proof study on the potential of D:A heterojunction free OPV by taking advantage of recent progress of non-fullerene acceptors. First,we demonstrate that the “free carriers” can be spontaneously generated upon illumination in an NFA,i.e.,the 6TIC-4F single layer. Second,the 6TIC-4F layer also exhibits good ambipolar charge transporting property. These exceptional characteristics distinguish it from the traditional organic semiconductors,and relieve it from the reliance of D:A heterojunction to independently work as active layer. As a result,the subsequent OPV by simply sandwiching the 6TIC-4F layer between the cathode and anode yields a considerably high power conversion efficiency ~1%. Moreover,we find the D:A heterojunction free device exhibits two order of magnitude higher electroluminescence quantum efficiency and significantly reduced VOC loss by 0.16 eV compared to those of the D:A BHJ structure,validating its promise for higher efficiency in the future. Therefore,our work demonstrates the possibility of using D:A heterojunction-free device structure for high performance,that can potentially become the next game changer of OPV.

关键词： Organic solar cells Spontaneous charge generation Ambipolar charge transport Charge recombination Perovskite-like organic semiconductor Schottky-junction structure Single component

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Doped low-density parity-check codes

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Yong li Rui liu Xianlong Jiao Youqiang Hu Zhen luo francis C.M.lau College of Computer Science Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China School of Automation Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Future Wireless Networks and IoT Focusing Area Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of low-Density Parity-Check(lDPC)*** doping component is a short block code in which the information bits are selected from the coded bits of the dominant trapping sets of the lDPC ***,an algorithm for selecting the information bits of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm is *** results demonstrate that the proposed doped lDPC code achieves up to 2.0 dB gain compared with the original lDPC code at a frame error rate of 10^(-6)Furthermore,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original lDPC Codes.

关键词： lDPC codes Doped lDPC codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets

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Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 33-48页

作者： francis levi A.DURANO Jon Marx SARMIENTO larry N.DIGAl Pedro A.AlVIOlA IV School of Management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation

关键词： Cocoa farms Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines Stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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