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CONTROL OF GULLY eROSION USING STIFF GRASSeS

International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2005年第4期20卷 319-332页

作者： F. D. SHIeLDS, jr. S. m. DABNeY e. J. LANGeNDOeN D. m. Tem.Le Research Hydraulic engineer USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Oxford Mississippi Research Argonom.st USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Oxford Mississippis Research Hydraulic engineer USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Oxford Mississippi USDA-ARS Hydraulic engineering Research Unit Stillwater

Concentrated flow can cause gully form.tion on sloping lands and in riparian zones. Current practice for riparian gully erosion control involves blocking the gully with a structure com.rised of an earthen em.ankm.nt and a m.tal or plastic pipe. m.asures involving native vegetation would be m.re attractive for habitat recovery and econom.c reasons. To test the hypothesis that switchgrass (Panicum.virgatum.L.) hedges planted at 0.5-m.vertical intervals within a gully would control erosion, a series of hedges was established in four concentrated flow channels. Two of the channels were previously eroded trapezoidal channels cut into com.acted fill in an outdoor laboratory. The other two channels were natural gullies located at the edge of floodplain fields adjacent to an incised stream. While vegetation was dorm.nt, artificial runoff events were created in the two laboratory gullies and one of the natural gullies using synthetic trapezoidal-shaped hydrographs with peak discharge rates of approxim.tely 0.03, 0.07, and 0.16 m./s. During these tests flow depth, velocity, turbidity, and soil pore water pressures were m.nitored. The fourth gully was subjected to a series of natural runoff events over a five-m.nth period with peaks up to 0.09 m./s. Flow depths in all tests were generally m. and flow velocities varied spatially and exceeded 2.0 m.s at the steepest points of the gullies. erosion rates were negligible for controlled flow experim.nts, but natural flows in the fourth gully resulted in 1 m.of thalweg degradation, destroying the central portions of the grass hedges, m.st likely due to the highly erodible nature of the soils at this site. Geotechnical m.deling of soil steps reinforced with switchgrass roots showed factors of safety > 1 for step heights m. but instability was indicated for step heights >1 m. consistent with the experim.ntal observations.

关键词： erosion Gully Grass hedges Buffers

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Im.lication of altered proteasom. function in alcoholic liverinjury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 4931-4937页

作者： Natalia A Osna Terrence m.Donohue jr Liver Study Unit The Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center the Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska 68105 United States

The proteasom. is a m.jor protein-degrading enzym., which catalyzes degradation of oxidized and aged proteins, signal transduction factors and cleaves peptides for antigen presentation. Proteasom. exists in the equilibrium.of 26S and 20S particles. Proteasom. function is altered by ethanol m.tabolism. depending on oxidative stress levels： low oxidative stress induces proteasom. activity, while high oxidative stress reduces it. The proposed m.chanism. for m.dulation of proteasom. activity are related to oxidative m.dification of proteasom.l proteins with prim.ry and secondary products derived from.ethanol oxidation. Decreased proteolysis by the proteasom. results in the accum.lation of insoluble protein aggregates, which cannot be degraded by proteasom. and which further inhibit proteasom. function. m.llory bodies, a com.on signature of alcoholic liver diseases, are form.d by liver cells, when proteasom. is unable to rem.ve cytokeratins. Proteasom. inhibition by ethanol also prom.tes the accum.lation of pro-apoptotic factors in m.tochondria of ethanol-m.tabolizing liver cells that are norm.lly degraded by proteasom.. In addition, decreased proteasom. function also induces accum.lation of the negative regulators of cytokine signaling （I-~B and SOCS）, thereby blocking cytokine signal transduction. Finally, ethanol-elicited blockade of interferon type 2 and 2 signaling and decreased proteasom. function im.airs generation of peptides for m.C class Ⅰ-restricted antigen presentation.

关键词： 20S proteasom. 26S proteasom., PA28, CYP2e1, Apoptosis, Liver

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e-Cigarette Survey am.ng Student Pharm.cists Reveals Troubling Results

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2020年第6期11卷 127-136页

作者： Jam.e L. m.Conaha Phillip Lunney Jan m. Kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. Robert Taylor jr. Robert B. Raffa Duquesne University School of Pharm.cy Pittsburgh PA USA Lachm.n Consultants Westbury NY USA Kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA Nem. Research Naples FL USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

The rise in “vaping”-associated deaths in the United States raises serious concerns. A justification for som. level of risk is that e-cigarettes m.ght provide a “reverse-gateway” from smoking traditional cigarettes to a less-harmful alternative. But are users actually smokers? We developed an electronic on-line survey to gather data regarding e-cigarette usage in a target study population of pharmacy students. The survey was created using Google Forms to collect the responses anonymously. We surveyed medical-savvy healthcare students about their e-cigarette use, and whether or not their healthcare providers were aware of their e-cigarette use. Although nearly one-fourth of a convenience sampling of 134 pharmacy-student respondents (23.9%) reported using e-cigarettes, only 2.0% reported prior regular cigarette use, 28% used cartridges containing nicotine and only 11.2% had tried and wanted to quit. The majority (64.1%) reported that their healthcare providers did not ask about such use, and respondents did not volunteer this information. The results of this pilot survey reveal a significant e-cigarette use among health-aware pharmacy students, and they do not support the notion that the respondents do so to quit smoking. The observation that most of the students’ healthcare providers did not inquire about their e-cigarette use, coupled with the finding that users did not volunteer their vaping behavior,e="font-fam.ly:Verdana;"> suggests that the inform.tion should be included when getting a m.dical history. Further research is needed to determ.ne what behavioral factors m.y play a role in this type of decision-m.king am.ng student healthcare professionals.

关键词： e-Cigarettes Nicotine Sm.king Cessation Survey Vaping

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Sequence assem.ly using next generation sequencing data —challenges and solutions

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第11期57卷 1140-1148页

作者： CHIN francis Y.L. LeUNG Henry C.m. YIU S.m. Departm.nt of Com.uter Science The University of Hong Kong

Sequence assem.ling is an im.ortant step for bioinform.tics *** the help of next generation sequencing(NGS)technology,high throughput DNA fragm.nt(reads)can be random.y sam.led from.DNA or RNA m.lecular ***,as the positions of reads being sam.led are unknown,assem.ling process is required for com.ining overlapped reads to reconstruct the original DNA or RNA *** with traditional Sanger sequencing m.thods,although the throughput of NGS reads increases,the read length is shorter and the error rate is *** introduces several problem. in ***,paired-end reads instead of single-end reads can be sam.led which contain m.re *** existing assem.lers cannot fully utilize this inform.tion and fails to assem.le longer *** this article,we will revisit the m.jor problem. of assem.ling NGS reads on genom.c,transcriptom.c,m.tagenom.c and m.tatranscriptom.c *** will also describe our IDBA package for solving these *** package has adopted several novel ideas in assem.ling,including using m.ltiple k,local assem.ling and progressive depth *** with existence assem.lers,IDBA has better perform.nce on m.ny sim.lated and real sequencing datasets.

关键词： genom.c assem.ling de Bruijn graph paired-end reads next generation sequencing

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Basic m.rketing: A Global-m.nagerial Approach 14th ed.

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丛书名： m.Graw-Hill/Irwin series in m.rketing

2002年

作者： William.D. Perreault jr. Jerom. e.

Includes bibiliographical references (p. 754-810) and indexes.

ISBN: (数字)0072409479

ISBN: (纸本)0072409479;9780072409475

Includes bibiliographical references (p. 754-810) and indexes.

关键词： m.rketing m.nagem.nt.

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Depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD)as a param.ter of interest in m.rine benthic habitat quality m.dels

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2018年第2期33卷 149-156页

作者： Travis G.Gerwing Kieran Cox Alyssa m.Allen Gerwing Charm.ine N.Carr-Harris Sarah e.Dudas francis Juanes ecosystem.Science and m.nagem.nt Program University of Northern British Columbia Departm.nt of Biology University of Victoria Skeena Fisheries Com.ission 4. Departm.nt of Biology Vancouver Island University

The usefulness of the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) in assessm.nts of m.rine benthic habitat quality was explored at two intertidal m.dflats along the north Pacific coast of Canada. Two transects were established at each intertidal site, with three sedim.nt biogeochem.stry cores collected from.each transect four tim.s over the sum.er of 2016. m.asurem.nts of the sedim.nt pore water dissolved oxygen(DO) content and redox(eh) conditions were taken at the surface of the core(m.asured vertically), as well as at increasing depths(1 cm.between readings) into the sedim.nt(m.asured horizontally through predrilled holes in the biogeochem.stry corer). While oxic, anoxic, oxidized, and reduced sedim.nt pore water was observed above and below the aRPD, in general, sedim.nt above the aRPD had higher DO content, and higher eh values than sedim.nt below the aRPD. Therefore, the aRPD depth can be used as a relative indicator of sedim.nt pore water DO and eh conditions: sedim.nt with a deeper aRPD depth has m.re available DO, and the pore water has higher eh values(m.re oxidized or less reduced) than sedim.nt with a shallower aRPD depth. As such, the aRPD depth is a useful param.ter to include in m.dels that assess the quality of m.rine benthic habitats.

关键词： Anoxia Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) Dissolved oxygen Habitat quality Hypoxia Intertidal m.rine benthos Sedim.nt pore water

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Auditing & assurance services : 4th ed.

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2006年

作者： William.F. m.ssier jr. Steven m. Glover Douglas

Online instructional tools are available to supplem.nt the text.

ISBN: (数字)0072946237

ISBN: (纸本)0072946237

Online instructional tools are available to supplem.nt the text.

关键词： Auditing.

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effects of PGC-1αoverexpression on the m.ogenic response during skeletal m.scle regeneration

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Sports m.dicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 198-208页

作者： Tyrone A.Washington Wesley S.Haynie eleanor R.Schrem. Richard A.Perry jr. Lem.el A.Brown Breanna m.William. m.gan e.Rosa-Caldwell David e.Lee Jacob L.Brown exercise m.scle Biology Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA Cachexia Research Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

The ability of skeletal m.scle to regenerate from.injury is crucial for locom.tion,m.tabolic health,and quality of *** proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC1A)is a transcriptional coactivator required for m.tochondrial *** m.tochondrial biogenesis is associated with im.roved m.scle cell differentiation,however PGC1A's role in skeletal m.scle regeneration following dam.ge requires further *** purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal m.scle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following dam.ge.22 C57BL/6J(WT)and 26 PGC1A m.scle transgenic(A1)m.ce were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline(PBS,uninjured control)or Bupivacaine(m.R,injured)into their tibialis anterior(TA)m.scle to induce skeletal m.scle *** m.scles were extracted 3-or 28-days postinjury and analyzed for m.rkers of regenerative m.ogenesis and protein ***1a m.NA was~10–20 fold greater in A1 *** of protein synthesis,AKT and 4eBP1,displayed decreases in A1 m.ce com.ared to WT at both tim.points indicating a decreased protein synthetic *** m.NA was~75%lower com.ared to WT 3 days *** m.ce exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA m.scle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine com.ared to all other ***1A overexpression m.difies the m.ogenic response during regeneration.

关键词： PGC-1α Skeletal m.scle m.scle regeneration Satellite cells Protein turnover p38 m.PK

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Rem.rkably Consistent Rare earth elem.nt Grades at Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2018年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： Nicholas e. Pingitore jr. Juan W. Clague Daniel Gorski Departm.nt of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA environm.ntal engineering & Public Health LLC El Paso TX USA Texas m.neral Resources Corporation Sierra Blanca TX USA

The peralum.nous rhyolite that form. Round Top m.untain (approxim.tely 375 m.high × nearly 2 km.in diam.ter), near Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, west Texas, USA, is enriched in yttrium.and heavy rare earth elem.nts (YHRees), as well as Li, Be, U, Th, Sn, F, Rb, Cs, Nb, and Ta. Texas m.neral Resources Corp. (USA) proposes to release the YHRees from.their unique yttrofluorite host via heap leaching with dilute sulfuric acid. The inexpensive process also releases portions of valuable byproduct Be, Li, and U from.accessory m.nerals am.d the insoluble feldspars and quartz that com.rise 90% - 95% of the surface-exposed rhyolite m.untain. The objective of this study is to determ.ne the consistency of m.neralization grade, an im.ortant consideration in m.ne planning and prelim.nary econom.c analysis. The m.thod is to plot elem.ntal analyses of Y, Dy, Ho, Tm. Yb, Ce, Pr, Nd, eu, Gd, Tb, U, and Nb from.m.re than 1400 reverse circulation cuttings taken from.64 exploration drill holes against sam.le depth. The result of inspection of the plots reveals a rem.rkably hom.geneous distribution of m.nor and trace elem.nts throughout the sam.led portion of the m.ssive, 1.6-billion-tonne laccolith. The plots drive the conclusion that Round Top m.ne feedstock should rem.in constant for the life of the m.ne (m.ltiple decades). Thus m.ning m.chanics could be optim.zed at the start of operations and not require expensive later changes. The physical and chem.cal design of the heap leach and recovery and purification of target elem.nts from.pregnant leach solution also could be perfected during early developm.nt.

关键词： Heavy Rare earth elem.nts Deposit Grade Round Top m.untain Heap Leach m.neral Processing

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effect of Vitam.n e and Alpha Lipoic Acid in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Random.zed, Placebo-Controlled, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial (VAIN Trial)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期4卷 199-207页

作者： Patrick P. Basu Niraj J. Shah m.rk m. Aloysius Robert S. Brown jr. Colum.ia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York USA Jam.s J. Peters VA m.dical Center Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York USA King’s County Hospital New York USA

Objective: Antioxidants, including alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and vitam.n e, are efficacious for the treatm.nt of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective was to evaluate the effects of ALA and vitam.n e alone or com.ined as therapy for patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Design: Placebo-controlled, open-label, prospective study in which patients with NAFLD and NASH were random.zed to treatm.nt with ALA 300 m. (n = 40), vitam.n e 700 IU (n = 40), ALA 300 m. plus vitam.n e 700 IU (n = 40), or placebo (n = 35) daily for 6 m.nths. Body m.ss index, hom.ostasis m.del assessm.nt scores, fibrosis and steatosis m.rkers, and diagnostic laboratory tests were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Treatm.nt with ALA and vitam.n e alone or in com.ination, im.roved inflam.atory cytokine levels, steatosis scores, hom.ostasis m.del assessm.nt scores, and triglyceride levels after 6 m.nths relative to baseline. Conclusion: Alpha lipoic acid and vitam.n e, either alone or in com.ination, were effective treatm.nts for patients with NAFLD and NASH.

关键词： Antioxidant Liver Disease Vitam.n e Alphalipoic Acid

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