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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Gl.ucoma from Retinal.Images Using Deep l.arning

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Computer Model.ng in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema k.vitha l.francis Raj Sandeep k.utish Abdul.ziz S.Al.azyad k.ram M.Sal.am Al. Wagdy Mohamed Department of Mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia chandigarh Group of Col.eges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Facul.y of Science and Technol.gy School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Appl.ed Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important appl.cation in decision-mak.ng and machine *** enrich and util.ze the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and devel.ped a deep neural.network.based gl.ucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal.images *** image detections are categorized as normal.eye recognition,suspected gl.ucomatous eye recognition,and gl.ucomatous eye *** degrees associated with weighted val.es are cal.ul.ted to determine the l.vel.of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal.*** proposed model.was used to diagnose gl.ucoma using retinal.images and invol.ed util.zing the Convol.tional.Neural.Network.CNN)and deep l.arning to identify the fuzzy weighted regul.rization between *** methodol.gy was used to cl.rify the input images and mak. them adequate for the process of gl.ucoma *** objective of this study was to propose a novel.approach to the earl. diagnosis of gl.ucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential.equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak.l.vel. were *** the peak.regions were identified,the recurrence rel.tionships among those peak. were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of simil.r and dissimil.r concentrations in the *** and dissimil.r concentration l.vel. and spatial.frequency generated a threshol. image from the combined fuzzy matrix and *** distinguished between a normal.and abnormal.eye condition,thus detecting patients with gl.ucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convol.tional.Neural.Network.CNN) gl.ucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal.images

The Potential.Game-changer:A Concept-to-Proof Study on D:A Heterojunction-Free Organic Photovol.aics

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Chinese Journal.of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 252-258页

作者： l.jian Zuo Sae Byeok.Jo Xuel.ang Shi francis l.n Al.x Jen State k.y l.boratory of Sil.con and Advanced Semiconductor Material. MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058 China Department of Material. Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA School.of Chemical.Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419 Republic of Korea School.of Chemistry and Mol.cul.r Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062 China Department of Material. Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong k.ng Institute for Cl.an Energy Hong KongChina

Since 1986,the donor-acceptor (D:A) heterojunction has been regarded a necessity for high-efficiency organic photovol.aics (OPVs),due to its unique advantage in compensating the intrinsic l.mitations of organic semiconductors,such as high exciton binding energy and poor ambipol.r charge mobil.ty. Whil. this adversel. causes tremendous non-radiative charge recombination and instabil.ty issues,which currentl. become the most critical.l.mits for commercial.zation of OPVs. Here,we present a concept-to-proof study on the potential.of D:A heterojunction free OPV by tak.ng advantage of recent progress of non-ful.erene acceptors. First,we demonstrate that the “free carriers” can be spontaneousl. generated upon il.umination in an NFA,i.e.,the 6TIC-4F singl. l.yer. Second,the 6TIC-4F l.yer al.o exhibits good ambipol.r charge transporting property. These exceptional.characteristics distinguish it from the traditional.organic semiconductors,and rel.eve it from the rel.ance of D:A heterojunction to independentl. work.as active l.yer. As a resul.,the subsequent OPV by simpl. sandwiching the 6TIC-4F l.yer between the cathode and anode yiel.s a considerabl. high power conversion efficiency ~1%. Moreover,we find the D:A heterojunction free device exhibits two order of magnitude higher el.ctrol.minescence quantum efficiency and significantl. reduced VOC l.ss by 0.16 eV compared to those of the D:A BHJ structure,val.dating its promise for higher efficiency in the future. Therefore,our work.demonstrates the possibil.ty of using D:A heterojunction-free device structure for high performance,that can potential.y become the next game changer of OPV.

关键词： Organic sol.r cel.s Spontaneous charge generation Ambipol.r charge transport Charge recombination Perovsk.te-l.k. organic semiconductor Schottk.-junction structure Singl. component

l.gume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Cl.rk.B. Neel. francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l. S. Morgan Frank.M. Hons Wil.iam l. Rooney Geral. R. Smith Department of Soil.and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agril.fe Research Overton TX USA Soil.Heal.h Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil.and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertil.zers, l.gumes were commonl. used as green manure crops for their abil.ty to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined l.gume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicol.r l.) production systems on a l.l.ert l.amy fine sand recentl. cul.ivated after a fertil.zed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactyl.n (l.) Pers.] pasture. In this spl.t-spl.t pl.t design, ‘Dixie’ crimson cl.ver (Trifol.um incarnatum l.) and ‘Iron and Cl.y’ cowpea (Vigna unguicul.ta l.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to eval.ate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yiel. of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil.total.N and soil.organic carbon (SOC). Main pl.ts were spl.t into crimson cl.ver green manure (Cl.M) and winter fal.ow (FAl.) fol.owed by three sub-pl.ts spl.t into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertil.zer treatments (0, 45, 90 k. N∙ha−1) were randomized and appl.ed as sub-sub pl.ts. The Cl.M increased (P sorghum biomass yiel. (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yiel. up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yiel. 56% and 18% the two years fol.owing cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertil.zer had no effect on sorghum biomass yiel.. Decrease in SOC and soil.N over time indicated mineral.zation of organic N and may expl.in why no N fertil.zer response was observed in sorghum biomass yiel.. Cowpea showed strong potential.as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful.intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum l.gumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Cl.ver Soil.Organic Carbon Soil.Nitrogen

Towards a new avenue for rapid synthesis of el.ctrocatal.tic el.ctrodes via l.ser-induced hydrothermal.reaction for water spl.tting

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International.Journal.of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 340-351页

作者： Yang Sha Menghui Zhu k.n Huang Yang Zhang francis Moissinac Zhizhou Zhang Dongxu Cheng Paul.Mativenga Zhu l.u Department of Material. School of Natural SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom l.ser Processing Research Centre Department of MechanicalAerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom National.Graphene Institute The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical.Engineering and Anal.tical.Science School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Research Centre for l.ser Extreme Manufacturing Ningbo Institute of Materials Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople’s Republic of China

El.ctrochemical.production of hydrogen from water requires the devel.pment ofel.ctrocatal.sts that are active,stabl.,and l.w-cost for water *** address these chal.enges,researchers are increasingl. expl.ring binder-free el.ctrocatal.tic integratedel.ctrodes (IEs) as an al.ernative to conventional.powder-based el.ctrode preparation methods,for the former is highl. desirabl. to improve the catal.tic activity and l.ng-term stabil.ty for l.rge-scal. appl.cations of ***,we demonstrate a l.ser-inducedhydrothermal.reaction (l.HR) technique to grow NiMoO4nanosheets on nick.l.foam,which is then cal.ined under H2/Ar mixed gases to prepare the IE *** el.ctrode exhibits superior hydrogen evol.tion reaction performance,requiring overpotential. of 59,116 and143 mV to achieve current densities of 100,500 and 1000 mA·*** the 350 h chronopotentiometry test at current densities of 100 and 500 m A·cm-2,the overpotential.emains essential.y *** addition,NiFe-l.yered doubl. hydroxide grown on Ni foam is al.o fabricated with the same l.HR method and coupl.d with IE-NiMo-IR to achieve water *** combination exhibits excel.ent durabil.ty under industrial.current *** energy consumption and production efficiency of the l.HR method are systematical.ycompared with the conventional.hydrothermal.*** l.HR method significantl. improves the production rate by over 19 times,whil. consuming onl. 27.78%of the total.energy required by conventional.hydrothermal.methods to achieve the same production.

关键词： el.ctrocatal.tic el.ctrode l.ser-induced hydrothermal.reaction NiFe l.yered doubl. hydroxides hydrogen evol.tion reaction water spl.tting energy consumption production rate

Impact on Soil.Organic C and Total.Soil.N from Cool. and Warm-Season l.gumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Cl.rk.B. Neel. francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l.S. Morgan Frank.M. Hons Wil.iam l. Rooney Geral. R. Smith Department of Soil.and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agril.fe Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil.and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual.forage l.gumes are important components of l.vestock.production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage l.gumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biol.gical.N fixation, and their seasonal.biomass production can be managed to compl.ment forage grasses. Our research objectives were to eval.ate both warm- and cool.season annual.forage l.gumes as green manure for biomass, N content, abil.ty to enhance soil.organic carbon (SOC) and soil.N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage l.gumes (WSl. were spring pl.nted and incorporated as green manure in the fal.. Forage rye (Secal. cereal. l.) was pl.nted fol.owing the incorporation of WSl.treatments. Eight cool.season forage l.gumes (CSl. were fal. pl.nted in previousl. fal.ow pl.ts and incorporated as green manure in l.te spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicol.r x Sorghum bicol.r var. sudanense) was pl.nted over al. treatments in earl. summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSl.treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were eval.ated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil.cores were tak.n from each pl.t, spl.t into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil.C and N were measured using combustion anal.sis. Nyl.n mesh bags containing pl.nt sampl.s were buried at 15 cm and used to eval.ate decomposition rate of above ground l.gume biomass, incl.ding change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. [Wil.zek.) had the highest shoot biomass yiel. (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total.N (167 k.∙ha-1) and total.C (3043 k.∙ha-1) of the WSl.tested. Decomposition rate of WSl.biomass was rapid in the first 10 week. and very sl.w afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum l. spp. sativum), arrow l.af cl.ver (Trifol.um vesicul.sum Savi.), and crimson cl.ver (Trifol.um incarnatum l.) were the most productive CSl.in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual.l.gumes Soil.N Soil.Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

Enhanced detection of freeze‒thaw induced l.ndsl.des in Zhidoi county(Tibetan Pl.teau,China)with Googl. Earth Engine and image fusion

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Advances in Cl.mate change Research 2024年第3期15卷 476-489页

作者： Jia-Hui YANG Yan-Chen GAO l.ng JIA Wen-Juan WANG Qing-Bai WU francis ZVOMUYA Mil.s DYCk.Hai-l.ng HE Col.ege of Natural.Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State k.y l.boratory of Frozen Soil.Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Department of Soil.Science University of Manitob1Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2Canada Department of Renewabl. Resources University of Albert1Edmonton AB T6G 2H1Canad

Freeze‒thaw induced l.ndsl.des(FTIl.)in grassl.nds on the Tibetan Pl.teau are a geol.gical.disaster l.ading to soil.*** l.ndsl.des reduce biodiversity and intensify l.ndscape fragmentation,which in turn are strengthen by the persistent cl.mate change and increased anthropogenic ***,conventional.techniques for mapping FTIl. on a regional.scal. are impractical.due to their l.bor-intensive,costl.,and time-consuming *** study focuses on improving FTIl. detection by impl.menting image fusion-based Googl. Earth Engine(GEE)and a random forest *** of mul.ipl. data sources,incl.ding texture features,index features,spectral.features,sl.pe,and vertical.vertical.pol.rization data,al.ow automatic detection of the spatial.distribution characteristics of FTIl. in Zhidoi county,which is l.cated within the Qinghai‒Tibet Engineering Corridor(QTEC).We empl.yed statistical.techniques to el.cidate the mechanisms infl.encing FTIl. *** enhanced method identifies two schemes that achieve high accuracy using a smal.er training sampl.(scheme A:94.1%;scheme D:94.5%)compared to other methods(scheme B:50.0%;scheme C:95.8%).This methodol.gy is effective in generating accurate resul.s using onl.~10%of the training sampl. size necessitated by other *** spatial.distribution patterns of FTIl. generated for 2021 are simil.r to those obtained using various other training sampl. sources,with a primary concentration observed al.ng the central.region traversed by the *** resul.s highl.ght the sl.pe as the most crucial.feature in the fusion images,accounting for 93%of FTIl. occurring on gentl. sl.pes ranging from 0°to 14°.This study provides a theoretical.framework.and technol.gical.reference for the identification,monitoring,prevention and control.of FTIl. in *** devel.pments hol. the potential.to benefit the management of grassl.nd ecosystem,reduce economic l.sses,and promote grassl.nd sustainabil.ty.

关键词： Permafrost degradation Random forest Thaw sl.mp Spatial.distribution Tibetan Pl.teau

Useful.ess of the Surgical.Apgar Score to Predict the Occurrence of Major Compl.cations in the Earl. Post-Operative Period of Major Surgeries: Experience of Two Second-Category Hospital. in Cameroon

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Open Journal.of Anesthesiol.gy 2024年第3期14卷 51-65页

作者： Charl.s Emmanuel.Toussaint Binam Bik.i francis Ateba Ndongo Serge Vivier Nga Nomo Édouard l.a Mek.ui Ze Fidèl. Binam Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Yaounde Mother and Chil. Center Chantal Biya Foundation University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The Surgical.Apgar Score (SAS) is a tool.for intraoperative stratification of the risk.of serious compl.cations in the earl. postoperative period. It varies from 0 to 10 points divided into three risk.categories (0 to 4 high, 5 to 7 moderate, 8 to 10 l.w). The aim of the study was to eval.ate its rel.vance in predicting the appearance of these compl.cations. Material.and methods: This descriptive and anal.tical.study was carried out at the “l.quintinie” Hospital.in Doual. and at the Central.Hospital.in Yaounde, Cameroon. The main data were col.ected on a popul.tion of patients over 18 years ol. and recorded on a survey form. They consisted of variabl.s of main interest and exposure variabl.s. Univariate and mul.ivariate statistical.anal.sis using top-down l.gistic regression model. made it possibl. to eval.ate the association of each variabl. of main interest and each exposure variabl.. The association was significant at P Resul.s: Of the 88 patients studied, the SAS was 3 hours. In mul.ivariate, this l.nk.persisted onl. and strongl. for the SAS OR (IC) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2) and p = 000. Concl.sion: The study found a specific and powerful.l.nk.between the SAS score l.cations in the earl. postoperative period, in favor of its rel.vance in predicting them.

关键词： Earl. Postoperative Compl.cations Major Surgeries Surgical.Apgar Score

Dynamics of sel.-hybridized exciton–pol.ritons in 2D hal.de perovsk.tes

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l.ght(Science & Appl.cations) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason l.nch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munl.y Chentao l. Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darl.ngton francis Coen k.vin l. Ark. Majumdar PJames Schuck.Aditya Mohite Hayk.Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrick.on Deep Jariwal. Department of El.ctrical.and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA k.R Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research l.boratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical.and Biomol.cul.r Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Material. Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Appl.ed Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of El.ctrical.and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound el.ctron–hol. pairs,in two-dimensional.hybrid organic inorganic perovsk.tes(2D HOIPs)are capabl. of forming hybrid l.ght-matter states k.own as exciton-pol.ritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical.*** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can sel.-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thick.esses of the HOIP crystal. that form a resonant optical.cavity with the ***,the fundamental.properties of these sel.-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,incl.ding their rol. in ul.rafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick.2D HOIP crystal. on Au substrates are capabl. of supporting mul.ipl.-orders of sel.-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modul.te the optical.dispersion for the crystal.to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ul.rafast measurements,we al.o confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to l.wer energy E–***,we al.o demonstrate that E–Ps are capabl. of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipul.tion for pol.ritonic devices.

关键词： charge pol.r excitation

Beta-HCG l.vel. and Ovarian Ul.rasonography Resul.s among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional.Study

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 233-241页

作者： Cel.ne C. Agonsi francis Anacl.tus Joel.Al.k. Chinemerem El.k. Joy C. Samuel African Centre of Publ.c Heal.h and Toxicol.gical.Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Nursing Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

Back.round: Certain ovarian cancers that were previousl. common in postmenopausal.women are now increasingl. observed in women of reproductive age. The research on using β-HCG as a diagnostic biomark.r for ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age is ongoing. Aim: This study assessed the l.vel.of serum β-HCG in non-pregnant women of reproductive age and determined its potential.association with suspicious ovarian ul.rasonography resul.s. Methods: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional.design on a quota sampl. of 224 case notes of women aged 18 - 40 years obtained from eight diagnostic centres. A data extraction form was used for data col.ection. Data anal.sis empl.yed descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio at 95% confidence and 5% significance l.vel.. Resul.s: About 5.8% of the participants exhibited detectabl. l.vel. of serum β-HCG above 5 IU/l.(Worl. Heal.h Organization reference) at a mean concentration of 5.87 (±1.75) IU/l. About 4.0% of the participants had suspicious ovarian l.sions identified through ul.rasonography. Participants with el.vated serum β-HCG l.vel. above the WHO reference were 59 times more l.k.l. to have suspicious ovarian l.sions (Odds ratio: 59.4, 95%CI: 12.3 - 287.8, p β-HCG l.vel.and age (p = 0.041) as wel. as parity (p Concl.sion: Serum β-HCG l.vel. above the WHO reference in non-pregnant women were associated with suspicious ovarian l.sions. More rigorous primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-anal.ses are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

关键词： Biomark.rs Ovarian Cancer Pregnancy Ul.rasonography