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Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

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j.urnal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas Robinson Dhas Edwin Raj.j.seph Selvi Binoj.Bright Brailson Mansingh Antony Sagai francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya(GSV-A Central University Funded By GoI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal j.ining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic *** fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear *** application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of *** stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant *** predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 j.s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and *** can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its *** predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： Hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithm

Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World j.urnal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Elij.h Dixon Parul j.Shukla Shailesh V Shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Neil W Pearce Wesley francis Shaneeta j.hnson j.hann Buj.awan Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for *** ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality *** protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year *** To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of *** A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced maj.r post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between j.nuary 1,2013 and j.ne 30,***-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD *** Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this *** complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced maj.r morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their ***(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring *** low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from maj.r *** attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protoc

关键词： Pancreas Complication Rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence among Sex Workers in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR)

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 13-20页

作者： D. Mossoro-Kpinde Hermione S. C. Diemer Henri R. Tende Nzengou Richard S. Siki francis j. D. D. Tekpa Bertrand Ministry of Labor Employment Social Protection and Vocational Training Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Community of the Tree of Life Bangui Central African Republic Traumatology Department The Central African Republic RCA Community Hospital Bangui Central African Republic

Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a maj.r health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the CAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from j.ly to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the CAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the maj.rity at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploit

关键词： Female Sex Workers Gender-Based Violence Central African Republic

Chemical Determination of Base Status Metals in Soil Sediments and Particulate Matter in Wellington Industrial Estate Location

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Open j.urnal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1338-1352页

作者： Richard Tamba Simbo j.rry Yeke Paye Fayia francis Nyuma Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences William V.S. Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Fisheries and Science Thomas J.R Faulkner College of Science and Technology University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

This research study explored the levels of base status metals in soil sediments and particulate matter in the wellington industrial estate location;the main obj.ctives were to: 1) determine sodium and potassium, 2) determine calcium and magnesium, 3) determine available iron. The following hypotheses were put forward;H0a: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H1a: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H0b: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area, H1b: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area. Six locations were used to collect samples with the aid of scoop and gravel free auger (at varying depths of 0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm) which are Wellington Industrial Estate Area 1 (WIEL 1), (WIEL 2), (WIEL 3), (WIEL 4), (WIEL 5), (WIEL 6);the samples were given laboratory treatment. Flame photometer, EDTA, and Spectrophotometer were used in the determinations of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, and available iron respectively. The results indicated that levels of potassium were in medium range (moderately high);sodium levels were generally low when compared to Brook’s classification table. Levels of calcium were generally low and those of magnesium were moderate based on Brook’s table of classification. Levels of available iron which fall within the range of Quij.no-Guerta (2003) were high;this implies such levels can lead to toxicity. In all locations, there was decrease in the levels of each metal in the samples with (5 - 10 cm) depth.

关键词： Deposition Environment Particulate Sediment Toxicity

Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition （C＆D） waste

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 141-152页

作者： Xiying Hao francis j. Larney Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada

Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition （C＆D） waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet （CK manure） and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles （DG manure）. The CK and DG manures were co-composted with （4：1） C＆D waste （treatments： CK CD, DG CD）, composted alone （treatments： CK and DG） in 13 m3 bins or stockpiled without C＆D ~vaste （treatments： CK ST and DGST） for 99 days. Manure type （CK vs. DG manure） had no effect on GHG emissions-over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C＆D waste 2 produced similar CO2 emissions, about double that from manure stockpthng （7.9 kgC.m^-2）. In contrast, CH4 emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C＆D waste （64 gC.m^-1 with C＆D vs. 244 gC.m 2 without C＆D） while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH4 （464 gC. m 2）. Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH4 form with C＆D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C＆D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N2O emissions （12.4 to 18.0 gN.m ） were similar across all treatments. The lower CH4 emissions with C＆D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manuregreenhouse gas fluxstraw bale compost binN2O CH4 CO2

Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman j.son Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li j.n Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Maj.mdar Pj.mes Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan j.shua R.Hendrickson Deep j.riwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

Recognition of nestmate eggs in the ant Formicafusca is based on queen derived cues

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 131-136页

作者： Heikki HELANTERA Stephen j. MARTIN francis L.W. RATNIEKS Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences POB 65 University of Helsinki Finland School of Environment & Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK Laboratory ofApiculture & Social Insects (LASI) School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Falmer Brighton UK

Inclusive fitness benefits depend on recognizing the right individuals to interact with. Social insect nests protect themselves from non-kin intruders through nestmate recognition based on chemical cues. The recognition cues on adult individu- als are from a mixture of genetic and environmental sources, but the ontogeny and use of recognition cues on eggs has not been previously assessed. We studied recognition by workers of eggs that were either nestmates or non-nestmates, and the ontogeny of recognition cues on eggs in the ant Formica fusca, a species with precise egg recognition abilities. Workers were able to dis- criminate among freshly laid eggs with no nest derived cues on them, and the egg surface chemicals varied among nests in these eggs, suggesting that queen derived cues are used in nestmate recognition. The results are discussed in the light of their implica- tions on deceptive social parasite strategies and within colony conflicts

关键词： Nestmate recognition Social insects Social parasitism Formicafusca Cuticular hydrocarbons

Local measurement of terahertz field-induced second harmonic generation in plasma filaments

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 135-178页

作者： Kareem j.Garriga francis Xi‑Cheng Zhang The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA

The concept of Terahertz Field-Induced Second Harmonic(TFISH)Generation is revisited to introduce a single-shot detection scheme based on third order *** specifcally on the further development of THz plasma-based sources,we begin our research by reimagining the TFISH system to serve as a direct plasma *** this work,an optical probe beam is used to mix directly with the strong ponderomotive current associated with laser-induced ionization.A four-wave mixing(FWM)process then generates a strong second-harmonic optical wave because of the mixing of the probe beam with the nonlinear current components oscillating at THz *** observed conversion efciency is high enough that for the frst time,the TFISH signal appears visible to the human *** perform spectral,spatial,and temporal analysis on the detected second-harmonic frequency and show its direct relationship to the nonlinear ***,a method to detect incoherent and coherent THz inside plasma flaments is devised using spatio-temporal *** single-shot detection confgurations are theoretically described using a combination of expanded FWM models with Kostenbauder and Gaussian *** show that the retrieved temporal traces for THz radiation from single-and twocolor laser-induced air-plasma sources match theoretical descriptions very *** temporal resolution is shown with a detection bandwidth limited only by the spatial extent of the probe laser *** detection bandwidth and temporal characterization is shown for THz radiation confned to under-dense plasma flaments induced by<100 fs lasers below the relativistic intensity limit.

关键词： Terahertz detection-Plasma characterization-Spectral characterization Single-shot detection

Bacteria may contribute to distant species recognition in ant-aphid mutualistic relationships

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 278-284页

作者： Christophe Y. Fischer Claire Detrain Philippe Thonart Eric Haubruge Frederic francis Francois j. Verheggen Georges C. Lognay Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Unit of Social Ecology Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 50 avenue F. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 Sart-Tilman 4000 Liege 4Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium

Mutualistic interactions between ant and aphid species have been the subj.ct of considerable historical and contemporary investigations, the primary benefits being clean- ing and protection for the aphids and carbohydrate-rich honeydew for the ants. Questions remained, however, as to the volatile semiochemical factor influencing this relationship. A recent study highlighted the role of bacterial honeydew volatile compounds in ant at- traction. Here, ant＇s ability to distantly discriminate 2 aphid species was investigated based on bacterial honeydew semiochemicals emissions using a two-way olfactometer. Both the mutualistic aphid Aphis fabae L. and the nonmyrmecophilous aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were found to be attractive for the ant Lasius niger L. The level of attraction was similar in both assays （control vs. one of the aphid species）. However, when given a choice between these 2 aphid species, ants showed a significant preference for Aphis fabae. Honeydew volatiles, mostly from bacterial origins, are known to be a key element in ant attraction. Using the same olfactometry protocol, the relative attractiveness of volatiles emitted by honeydews collected from each aphid species and by bacteria isolated from each honeydew was investigated. Again, ants significantly preferred volatiles released by Aphis fabae honeydew and bacteria. This information suggests that microbial honeydew volatiles enable ants to distantly discriminate aphid species. These results strengthen the interest of studying the occurrence and potential impact of microorganisms in insect symbioses.

关键词： ant aphid bacteria honeydew mutualism recognition VOC