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Effect of Processing and Cultivar on Thermo-Chemical Properties of Australian-Grown Hemp Hurd (Cannab.s sativa L.)

Journal of Renewab.e materials 2024年第8期12卷 1475-1493页

作者： Fehrmann J. b.lleville b. Ozarska b. Ismayati m. Dwianto W. School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES) Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Melbourne 3121 Australia Research Center for b.omass and b.oproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jakarta 16911 Indonesia

This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances, maturity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fab.ication of citric acid-b.nded ultra-low-density hemp hurd particleb.ard. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/mS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to document the variab.lity of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on b.ob.sed composite applications. The choice of cultivar, maturity stage, and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition, presence of functional groups, and thermal stab.lity of the hurd. Py-GC/mS revealed sub.tantial variations in the lignin-to-carb.hydrate (L/C) ratio, along with the ab.ence of fatty acids in certain cultivars. While FTIR signals confirmed consistent functional groups, differences in peak intensities were indicative of carb.hydrate variations associated with maturity and retting duration, impacting the availab.lity of hydroxyl groups for, i.e., interparticle b.nding in citric acid-b.sed b.o-composites. Furthermore, it was ob.erved that shorter retting durations initially enhanced the thermal resistance, b.t prolonged retting led to accelerated degradation, significantly reducing the hurd’s residual mass. The findings indicated notab.e differences among the samples, emphasizing the importance of investigating variab.es such as provenance/cultivar, maturity,andprocessing modality. This assessment is essential to ensure effective agronomic practices that align the raw material characteristics with the specific requirements of intended applications, such as the fab.ication of b.ob.sed hemp hurd composites. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： chemical analysis Hemp hurd material characterization thermal analysis

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Doped low-density parity-check codes

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Yong Li Rui Liu Xianlong Jiao Youqiang Hu Zhen Luo francis C.m.Lau College of Computer Science Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China School of Automation Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Future Wireless Networks and IoT Focusing Area Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)*** doping component is a short b.ock code in which the information b.ts are selected from the coded b.ts of the dominant trapping sets of the LDPC ***,an algorithm for selecting the information b.ts of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm is *** results demonstrate that the proposed doped LDPC code achieves up to 2.0 db.gain compared with the original LDPC code at a frame error rate of 10^(-6)Furthermore,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original LDPC Codes.

关键词： LDPC codes Doped LDPC codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets

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Understanding the catalysis of chromium trioxide added magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion b.ttery applications

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： D.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lemos Sergey m.mikhalev francis Leonard Deepak Duncan Paul Fagg Department of mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Lab.ratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chemical interaction b.tween magnesium hydride(mgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of mgH_(2).We have ob.erved that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of mgH_(2) b. 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature b. 80℃.CrO_(3) added mgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion b.ttery,and it is possib.e to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversib.lity in the b.ttery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with mgH_(2).In depth characterization study b. X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with mgH_(2) and produces Cr/mgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasib.lity of conversion from mgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to mgO/Cr,which is well supported b. the identification of Cr(0)in the powder b. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEm)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of mgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground to consider that mgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the *** ob.ervations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may b. vital for improving the reactivity of mgH_(2),b.th for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeab.e b.tteries b.nary hydrides metal oxides Catalytic mechanism.

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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： m.b.KIRKHAm Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot b. ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the moon or mars. This paper outlines the prob.ems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could b. done on Earth using b.th soils and plants. Results from such experiments could b. used to grow plants when mankind estab.ishes b.ses on the moon and mars.

关键词： soils soil b.ses

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Spatial Attention Integrated EfficientNet Architecture for b.east Cancer Classification with Explainab.e AI

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 5029-5045页

作者： Chakravarthy S. Nagarajan b. Khan S.b. Venkatesan V.K. Ramakrishna m.T. Al musharraf A. Aurungzeb.K. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam 638402 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Manchester M54WT United Kingdom Adjunct Research Faculty Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Bengaluru 562112 India Department of management College of Business Administration Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

b.east cancer is a type of cancer responsib.e for higher mortality rates among women. The cruelty of b.east cancer always requires a promising approach for its earlier detection. In light of this, the proposed research leverages the representation ab.lity of pretrained EfficientNet-b. model and the classification ab.lity of the XGb.ost model for the b.nary classification of b.east tumors. In addition, the ab.ve transfer learning model is modified in such a way that it will focus more on tumor cells in the input mammogram. Accordingly, the work proposed an EfficientNetb. having a Spatial Attention Layer with XGb.ost (ESA-XGb.et) for b.nary classification of mammograms. For this, the work is trained, tested, and validated using original and augmented mammogram images of three pub.ic datasets namely Cb.S-DDSm, INb.east, and mIAS datab.ses. maximum classification accuracy of 97.585% (Cb.S-DDSm), 98.255% (INb.east), and 98.91% (mIAS) is ob.ained using the proposed ESA-XGb.et architecture as compared with the existing models. Furthermore, the decision-making of the proposed ESA-XGb.et architecture is visualized and validated using the Attention Guided GradCAm-b.sed Explainab.e AI technique. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： b.east cancer deep-learning EfficientNet Explainab.e AI mammograms transfer learning

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An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Individualized Online Intervention for mental Health Literacy of Community Residents

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International Journal of mental Health Promotion 2024年第8期26卷 663-670页

作者： Ke Z. Xia m. Yang W. Hou b. Deng H. School of Economics Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China School of Psychology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China School of management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China School of Pub.ic Administration Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Wuhan 430200 China

b.ckground: Understanding how to improve mental health literacy is conducive to maintaining and promoting individuals’ mental health and well-b.ing. However, to date, interventions for mental health literacy primarily depend on traditional education and contact interventions, which have limitations with regard to pertinence and individualization. Artificial intelligence (AI) and b.g data technology have influenced mental health services to b. more intellectual and digital, and they also provide greater technical convenience for individualized interventions for promoting mental health literacy. However, there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of individualized online intervention for mental health literacy in the literature. This study aims to fill this void. To verify whether individualized online intervention can improve the level of mental health literacy. methods: We conducted a pretest–post-test control experiment. The participants were recruited from a large community located in central China. A total of 152 participants completed the research. We use mixed linear model estimation and paired t-tests to analyze the data. Results: Individualized online intervention can effectively improve the mental health literacy level of participants. Specifically, we found that compared with the control group, the mental health literacy in the experimental group was significantly improved after receiving individualized online intervention. Likewise, the mental health literacy of the control group has also improved after receiving individualized online intervention. In addition, we compared the mental health literacy level of the experimental group at Time 3 to those at Time 2 and found that the mental health literacy level at Time 3 had not decreased one month later. This shows that individualized online intervention was not only momentarily effective, b.t also had long-term efficacy. Conclusion: This study illustrates that the individualized online intervent

关键词： Individualized online intervention mental health literacy pretest-posttest research design

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Quantum correlations and entanglement in coupled optomechanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferometric power analysis

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： Y.Lahlou b.maroufi m.Daoud LPHE-mS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPmS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum correlations that surpass entanglement are of great importance in the realms of quantum information processing and quantum ***,for quantum systems prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate b.tween quantum entanglement and quantum ***,this indistinguishab.lity is no longer holds for mixed *** contrib.te to a b.tter understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a simple model for b.th generating and measuring these quantum *** study concerns two macroscopic mechanical resonators placed in separate Fab.y–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** system offers a comprehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum correlations b.yond entanglement b.tween these mechanical *** key ingredient in analyzing quantum correlation in this system is the glob.l covariance *** forms the b.sis for computing two essential metrics:the logarithmic negativity(E_(N)^(m))and the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m)).These metrics provide the tools to measure the degree of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations,*** study reveals that the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m))proves to b. a more suitab.e metric for characterizing quantum correlations among the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system,particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum correlations entanglement Gaussian interferometric power logarithmic negativity optomechanics photon hopping

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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contrib.te nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through b.ological N fixation, and their seasonal b.omass production can b. managed to complement forage grasses. Our research ob.ectives were to evaluate b.th warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for b.omass, N content, ab.lity to enhance soil organic carb.n (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum b.color x Sorghum b.color var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septemb.r, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using comb.stion analysis. Nylon mesh b.gs containing plant samples were b.ried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of ab.ve ground legume b.omass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungb.an (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot b.omass yield (6.24 t Dm ha-1) and contrib.ted the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL b.omass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer b.owse Forage Cropping Systems

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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep Learning

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema Kavitha L.francis Raj Sandeep Kautish Ab.ulaziz S.Almazyad Karam m.Sallam Ali Wagdy mohamed Department of mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine *** enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-b.sed glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images *** image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye *** degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration b.tween the fuzzy partition and the retinal *** proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization b.tween *** methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them adequate for the process of glaucoma *** ob.ective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were *** the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the *** and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the comb.ned fuzzy matrix and *** distinguished b.tween a normal and ab.ormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal images

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Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High b.omass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

b.fore the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ab.lity to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-b.omass sorghum (Sorghum b.color L.) production systems on a Lilb.rt loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized b.rmudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-b.omass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-b.omass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carb.n (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed b. three sub.plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub.sub.plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum b.omass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three b.t had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum b.omass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was ob.erved in sorghum b.omass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop b.t proved to b. too competitive for successful intercropping in high-b.omass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-b.omass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carb.n Soil Nitrogen

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