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Pilot Studies on the Novel Hypothesis that TSPO (Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor) Is Involved in Benzodiazepine/“Z-Drug” Physical Dependence and/or Withdrawal

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2023年第3期14卷 72-83页

作者： Cheyenne m.ffett Katherine J. Kost Austen Thom.son Joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. Tally m. Largent-m.lnes Robert B. Raffa Todd Vanderah Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEm. Inc. Naples FL USA Neum.ntum.Inc. Summit NJ USA Enalare Therapeutics Naples FL USA School of Pharm.cy Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharm.cy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

Benzodiazepines and other benzodiazepine receptor agonists, such as the “Z” drugs, are widely prescribed m.dications m.inly used for treating anxiety and seizures, and for inducing sedation. Unfortunately, despite their popularity, benzodiazepine prescribing often exceeds recom.endations and the consequences can be severe. On Septem.er 23, 2020, the United States FDA announced a new requirem.nt for a Boxed Warning for benzodiazepines prescribing. Along with this announcem.nt, the FDA stated that relevant inform.tion regarding the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of benzodiazepines is lacking. Here, we describe initial pilot studies intended to investigate the questions 1) can anim.l m.dels be developed that dem.nstrate benzodiazepine physical dependence and/or withdrawal sym.tom., and 2) determ.ne whether translocator protein (TSPO) plays a role in benzodiazepine dependence and/or withdrawal processes. The form.r was dem.nstrated, m.thodological lim.tations prevented the latter.

关键词： Benzodiazepine TSPO Rats In Vivo Tests Western-Blot Analysis

Auditing & assurance services : a system.tic approach / 5th ed.

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Diabetes exacerbates inflam.atory bowel disease in m.ce with dietinduced obesity

2008年

作者： William.F. m.ssier jr. Steven m. Glover Douglas F. Prawitt.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第33期29卷 4991-5004页

作者： Kendra L francis Kim.erly m.Alonge m.ria Cristina Pacheco Shannon J Hu Cody A Krutzsch Gregory J m.rton m.chael W Schwartz Jarrad m.Scarlett Departm.nt of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Seattle Children’s HospitalSeattleWA 98105United States 不详 Departm.nt of m.dicinal Chem.stry University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWA 98105United States

BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of inflam.atory bowel disease(IBD)am.ng patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests a causal link between these diseases,potentially involving the effect of hyperglycem.a to disrupt intestinal barrier *** To investigate whether the deleterious im.act of diabetes on the intestinal barrier is associated with increased IBD severity in a m.rine m.del of colitis in m.ce with and without diet-induced *** m.ce were fed chow or a high-fat diet and subsequently received streptozotocin to induce diabetic-range *** weeks later,dextran sodium.sulfate was given to induce *** select experim.nts,a subset of diabetic m.ce was treated with the antidiabetic drug dapagliflozin prior to colitis *** included both clinical and histological m.asures of colitis activity as well as histochem.cal m.rkers of colonic epithelial barrier *** In m.ce given a high-fat diet,but not chow-fed anim.ls,diabetes was associated with significantly increased clinical colitis activity and histopathologic m.rkers of disease *** was also associated with a decrease in key com.onents that regulate colonic epithelial barrier integrity(colonic m.cin layer content and epithelial tight junction proteins)in diet-induced obese *** of these effects of diabetes in diet-induced obese m.ce was am.liorated by restoring *** In obese m.ce,diabetes worsened clinical and pathologic outcom.s of colitis via m.chanism. that are reversible with treatm.nt of ***-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction offers a plausible m.chanism.linking diabetes to increased colitis *** findings suggest that effective diabetes m.nagem.nt m.y decrease the clinical severity of IBD.

关键词： Inflam.atory bowel disease Type 2 diabetes Obesity Intestinal barrier Hyperglycem.a Colitis in m.ce Tight junction proteins

Intraoperative pancreas stum. perfusion assessm.nt during pancreaticoduodenectom.:A system.tic scoping review

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世界胃肠外科杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第8期15卷 1799-1807页

作者： francis P Robertson Harry V m.Spiers Wei Boon Lim.Benjam.n Loveday Keith Roberts Sanjay Pandanaboyana Departm.nt of HPB and Transplant Surgery Freeman HospitalNewcastle Upon Tyne NE77DNUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of HPB Surgery Addenbrookes HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of General Surgery Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne VIC 3050Australia Departm.nt of HPB Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham BG152GWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Post-operative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is the prim.ry cause of m.rbidity following *** of POPF have rem.ined high despite well known risk *** theory that hypoperfusion of the pancreatic stum. leads to anastom.tic failure has recently gained *** To define the published literature with regards to intraoperative pancreas perfusion assessm.nt and its correlation with *** A system.tic search of available literature was perform.d in Novem.er *** extracted included study characteristics,m.thod of assessm.nt of pancreas stum. perfusion,POPF and other post-pancreatic surgery specific *** Five eligible studies com.rised two prospective non-random.sed studies and three case reports,total 156 *** studies used indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to assess the pancreatic stum.,with the rem.ining study assessing pancreas perfusion by visual inspection of arterial bleeding of the pancreatic *** was significant heterogeneity in the definition of *** had a com.ined POPF rate of 12%;intraoperative perfusion assessm.nt revealed hypoperfusion was present in 39%of patients who developed *** rate of POPF was 11%in patients with no evidence of hypoperfusion and 13%in those with evidence of hypoperfusion,suggesting that not all hypoperfusion gives rise to POPF and further analysis is required to analyse if there is a clinically relevant cut *** variance in practice was seen in the pancreatic stum. m.nagem.nt once hypoperfusion was *** The current published evidence around pancreas perfusion during pancreaticoduodenectom. is of poor *** does not support a causative link between hypoperfusion and *** well-designed prospective studies are required to investigate this.

关键词： Pancreatico-duodenectom. Post-operative pancreatic fistula Perfusion Indocyanine green Post pancreatectom. pancreatitis

Introduction to Fluid m.chanics

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Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets(Enicognathus leptorhynchus)in the central valley of southern Chile:a potentially vanishing keystone resource

2005年

作者： Edward J. Shaughnessy jr. Ira m. Katz Jam.s P. Schaffer

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 25-36页

作者： Thom.s H.White jr. Jaim. E.Jim.nez Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceBox 1600Rio GrandePR 00745USA Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program Department of Philosophy and ReligionUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA Om.ra Etnobotanical Park Universidad de MagallanesPuerto WilliamsChile

Background: The Slender-billed Parakeet(Enicognathus leptorhynchus) is a psittacine endem.c to southern Chile and an obligate secondary cavity-nester. In the central valley of southern Chile, m.st(94%) of the known Slender-billed Parakeet nests have occurred in large, m.ture southern beech(Lophozonia obliqua) trees(locally known as "pellines"). As relicts of the original old-growth forests of southern Chile, m.st pellines have been lost due to extensive landclearing throughout the region, potentially threatening long-term.persistence of the Slender-billed ***: We conducted our study in the central valley of southern Chile, near the city of Osorno during three consecutive nesting seasons(Novem.er–January, 2008–2011). Nest trees used by Slender-billed Parakeets were located by direct observation of parakeet activities and through interviews with local residents, som. of whom.were form.r parrot nest poachers. Nest cavities were accessed, inspected and m.asured using single-rope clim.ing techniques. We report m.ans, standard errors, 95% confidence intervals and ranges for 11 cavity-related variables. We also report clutch sizes encountered in active nests, and age estim.tes of nest trees based on known growth rates of Lophozonia trees in southern Chile. Linear regressions were used to evaluate potential relationships between cavity-related variables and clutch ***: We located and m.asured 38 Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets. Com.ared to those used by other psittacines, nest trees were relatively large, averaging 30.4 breast height of 134.5 ter ± 1.1 m.in height with a m.an diam.ter at ± 4.7 cm. Based on estim.ted annual diam.increm.nt, ages of nest trees ranged from.approxim.tely 209–485 years. Nest cavities entrances averaged 12.5 ± 0.9 m.in height above ground level. Cavity entrance widths averaged 51.0 ± 13.3 cm.vertical) by 11.5 ± 0.7 cm.horizontal). Cavity entrance orientations were apparently random. with

关键词： Conservation Deforestation Habitat loss Lophozonia obliqua Pellines Psittacidae Regeneration

Photolum.nescent Tb^(3+)-based m.tal-organic fram.work as a sensor for detection of m.thanol in ethanol fuel

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第3期37卷 225-231页

作者： Ram.n R.F.Fonseca Rafael D.L.Gaspar Ivo m.Raim.ndo jr. Priscilla P.Luz Departm.nt of Chem.stry Federal University of Espírito Santo Institute of Chem.stry University of Campinas

The sensing capability of a Tb^(3+)-m.tal-organic fram.work, based on its photolum.nescence, was used for detection of m.thanol in ethanol fuel. It was synthesized using terbium.and trim.sic acid as a m.tal ion center and ligand, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, therm.gravim.tric analysis and scanning electron m.croscopy were em.loyed to characterize the synthesized m.F-76 structural features. According to the results, m.F-76 was successfully obtained with m.nor synthetic m.dification and its activated form.nam.d TbTm.) was tested as a sensor for m.thanol. Tb^(3+) lum.nescence intensity increases as the m.thanol concentration in ethanol fuel also increases and the water content does not affect this response. Our findings indicate TbTm. as an appropriate sensor for evaluating ethanol fuel adulteration by m.thanol addition above the allowed lim.t.

关键词： Lanthanide m.tal-organic fram.works Lum.nescence Ethanol fuel Sensor Adulteration

Full Scale SBR m.nicipal Wastewater Treatm.nt Facility Utilization of Sim.ltaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Coupled with Traditional Nitrogen Rem.val to m.et Water Criterion

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Green and Sustainable Chem.stry 2022年第2期12卷 41-56页

作者： Charlie L. m.rtin jr. Clayton J. Clark II City Engineer Graceville FL USA Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering Florida A&M University Tallahassee FL USA

Sim.ltaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenom.non in biological nutrient rem.val activated sludge system.. Study at a m.nicipal wastewater treatm.nt facility sought to determ.ne nitrogen rem.val effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system.utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen rem.val. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research exam.ned the ability of SND to m.et state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-m.nth sam.ling period was 52.8%, paralleling results from.sim.lar SBR m.nicipal wastewater system.. The observed SBR system.had rem.val efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO3-NO2-N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under com.arable circum.tances. Overall, nitrogen rem.val for this SBR system.was >99% which typified results in other SND system., but at a higher Total Nitrogen rem.val rate.

关键词： Nitrification Denitrification Chem.cal Oxygen Dem.nd (COD) Sequential Batch Reactor m.nicipal Wastewater

No signature of selection on the C-term.nal region of glucose transporter 2 with the evolution of avian nectarivory

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 380-390页

作者： Alexander m.m.rka Tooba Shah Jason T.Weir Kenneth C.Welch jr. Departm.nt of Cell and System. Biology University of Toronto25 Harbord St.TorontoON M5S 3G5Canada Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada

Background:Flying birds,especially those that hover,need to m.et high energetic *** that m.et this dem.nd through nectarivory face the added challenges of m.intaining hom.ostasis in the face of spikes in blood sugar associated with nectar m.als,as well as transporting that sugar to energetically dem.nding *** has evolved m.ny tim.s in birds and we hypothesized that the challenges of this dietary strategy would exert selective pressure on key aspects of m.tabolic ***,we hypothesized we would find convergent or parallel am.no acid substitutions am.ng different nectarivorous lineages in a protein im.ortant to sensing,regulating,and transporting glucose,glucose transporter 2(GLUT2).m.thods:Genetic sequences for GLUT2 were obtained from.ten pairs of nectarivorous and non-nectarivorous sister *** perform.d PCR am.lification of the intracellular C-term.nal dom.in of GLUT2 and adjacent protein dom.ins due to the role of this region in determ.nation of transport rate,substrate specificity and ***:Our findings have ruled out the C-term.nal regulatory region of GLUT2 as a target for selection by sugar-rich diet am.ng avian nectarivores,though selection am.ng hum.ingbirds,the oldest avian nectarivores,cannot be ***:Our results indicate future studies should exam.ne down-stream.targets of GLUT2-m.diated glucosensing and insulin secretion,such as insulin receptors and their targets,as potential sites of selection by nectarivory in birds.

关键词： GLUT2 Nectarivory Avian Glucosensing Glucose Diet Insulin signalling