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E-Cigarette Survey am.ng Student Pharm.cists Reveals Troubling Results

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2020年第6期11卷 127-136页

作者： Jam.e L. m.Conaha Phillip Lunney Jan m. Kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. Robert Taylor jr. Robert B. Raffa Duquesne University School of Pharm.cy Pittsburgh PA USA Lachm.n Consultants Westbury NY USA Kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA NEm. Research Naples FL USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

The rise in “vaping”-associated deaths in the United States raises serious concerns. A justification for som. level of risk is that e-cigarettes m.ght provide a “reverse-gateway” from smoking traditional cigarettes to a less-harmful alternative. But are users actually smokers? We developed an electronic on-line survey to gather data regarding e-cigarette usage in a target study population of pharmacy students. The survey was created using Google Forms to collect the responses anonymously. We surveyed medical-savvy healthcare students about their e-cigarette use, and whether or not their healthcare providers were aware of their e-cigarette use. Although nearly one-fourth of a convenience sampling of 134 pharmacy-student respondents (23.9%) reported using e-cigarettes, only 2.0% reported prior regular cigarette use, 28% used cartridges containing nicotine and only 11.2% had tried and wanted to quit. The majority (64.1%) reported that their healthcare providers did not ask about such use, and respondents did not volunteer this information. The results of this pilot survey reveal a significant e-cigarette use among health-aware pharmacy students, and they do not support the notion that the respondents do so to quit smoking. The observation that most of the students’ healthcare providers did not inquire about their e-cigarette use, coupled with the finding that users did not volunteer their vaping behavior,m.ly:Verdana;"> suggests that the inform.tion should be included when getting a m.dical history. Further research is needed to determ.ne what behavioral factors m.y play a role in this type of decision-m.king am.ng student healthcare professionals.

关键词： E-Cigarettes Nicotine Sm.king Cessation Survey Vaping

m.croprobe m.pping of Rare Earth Elem.nt Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2018年第1期8卷 15-31页

作者： Nicholas E. Pingitore jr. m.rgaret Piranian Lorraine m. Negron Daniel Gorski Departm.nt of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA Texas m.neral Resources Corporation Sierra Blanca TX USA

The electron m.croprobe m.ps the spatial distribution of elem.nts in a rock at a sub-m.neral-grain scale to provide a basis for understanding m.neralization processes and to determ.ne optim.l strategies for extraction of valuable target elem.nts. Round Top m.untain (near the town of Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, west Texas, USA) is a peralum.nous rhyolite laccolith that is hom.geneously m.neralized at over 500 ppm.rare earths, m.re than 70% of which are yttrium.and heavy rare earths (YHREEs). The m.ssive deposit is exposed at the surface as a m.untain som. 2 km.in diam.ter and 375 m.in height. Round Top m.untain also contains Li, Be, U, Th, Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb, Cs, Sn, and F. The valuable YHREEs are hosted in yttrofluorite, which is soluble in dilute sulfuric acid. Texas m.neral Resources Corporation proposes to surface m.ne, crush, and heap leach the deposit. The distribution of YHREEs, and that of other trace elem.nts, is rem.rkably hom.geneous at outcrop drill hole scale. Here we docum.nt that YHREE m.neralization appears pervasive through the rhyolite at a m.llim.ter scale. Back scattered electron (BSE) and characteristic X-ray m.ps reveal the fine grain size and apparently random.and dispersed spatial distribution of the yttrofluorite that hosts Round Top’s valuable YHREEs. The yttrofluorite grains do not appear to cluster at special m.neralized locations, e.g., in pores or along cracks in the rhyolite. The sam. is apparently true of such other potentially valuable m.nerals as cassiterite and uranium.species. These findings confirm.that the distribution of YHREEs in Round Top m.untain rhyolite is hom.geneous through different orders of m.gnitude of scale, i.e., from.outcrop (as seen in the com.anion work in this volum.) to sub-thin section. The m.terial thus is ideal for a heap leach operation where hom.geneous feedstock is crucial to consistent and econom.c operation. The findings also confirm.and explain why m.chanical separation would prove very difficult and e

关键词： Heavy Rare Earth Elem.nts Yttrofluorite Electron m.croprobe m.crom.pping Round Top

The m.teorologically abnorm.l year of 2006 and natural disasters in the Philippines

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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 378-383页

作者： Graciano P. Yum.l jr. Nathaniel A. Cruz Nathaniel T. Servando Carla B. Dim.lanta National Institute of Geological Sciences College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines Philippine Atm.spheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Department of Science and Technology Quezon City Philippines

In the early part of 2006 the Philippines was hit by a La Niña event which brought floods, flashfloods and landslides. The m.st significant event was the February 2006 landslide that covered the whole com.unity of Guinsaugon, in Southern Leyte, resulting in 154 deaths with 973 people still m.ssing. Another rare event was the sim.ltaneous presence of two tropical cyclones inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in August - Tropical Depression Bopha and Tropical Storm.Saom.i - that enhanced the southwest m.nsoon. With the strong winds and high waves associated with the southwest m.nsoon, an oil tanker, the m.T Solar 1, sank, resulting in the worst oil spill the country has ever suffered. Lastly, with a weak El Niño phenom.non form.ng in the Pacific Ocean and affecting the Philippines, a destructive typhoon, Xangsane, m.de a m.lti-landfall before hitting m.tropolitan m.nila. This was followed by the landfall of three supertyphoons - Cim.ron, Chebi and Durian - during the last quarter of the year, bringing trem.ndous destruction of life and property. The occurrence of these weather events are attributed to clim.te variability the effects of which were exacerbated by a range of factors that include inappropriate land use.

关键词：菲律宾灾难洪水旋风气候反常

A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biom.m.tic retina

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 38-49页

作者： m.ni Teja Vijjapu m.ham.ed E.Fouda Agam.rat Agam.ayev Chun Hong Kang Chun-Ho Lin Boon S.Ooi jr.Hau He Ahm.d m.Eltawil Khaled N.Salam. Sensors lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Com.unication and Com.uting System. Lab ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Com.uter Science University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92612USA Departm.nt of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Com.uter Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Neurom.rphic vision sensors have been extrem.ly beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent system. for robotics and privacy-preserving security *** is a dire need for devices to m.m.c the retina's photoreceptors that encode the light illum.nation into a sequence of spikes to develop such ***,we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity m.m.cking the retina's rod cells,paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina *** proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocom.osite of perovskites(m.thyl-am.onium.lead brom.de)and the ferroelectric terpolym.r(polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene).A m.tal-insulator-m.tal type capacitor with the prepared com.osite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light *** proposed photoreceptor m.m.cs the spectral sensitivity curve of hum.n photopic *** hybrid nanocom.osite is stable in am.ient air for 129 weeks,with no observable degradation of the com.osite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic *** functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits(m.IST)dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05%recognition accuracy is *** dem.nstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neurom.rphic vision applications.

关键词： perovskite illum.nation preserving

Bioactive m.tabolite profiles and antim.crobial activity of ethanolic extracts from.m.ntingia calabura L. leaves and stem.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biom.dicine 2016年第8期6卷 682-685页

作者： William.Patrick Cruiz Buhian Raquel Orejudos Rubio Dem.trio Lim.Valle jr. Juliana Janet m.rtin-Puzon Natural Sciences Research Institute University of the Philippines Institute of Biology University of the Philippines Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratories Makati Medical Center

Objective: To determ.ne the bioactive phytochem.cals and antim.crobial activity of leaf and stem.ethanolic extracts from.m.ntingia calabura L.(m. calabura).m.thods: Dried leaves and stem. of m. calabura were extracted with 95% ethanol. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts were exam.ned using the disc diffusion assay. The m.nim.m.inhibitory concentration(m.C) of each extract showing antim.crobial activity was determ.ned. The dried extracts were subjected to phytochem.cal screening to determ.ne the presence of bioactive com.onents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determ.ned by the Folin–Ciocalteu m.thod and the alum.num.chloride m.thod, ***: Varying degrees of antim.crobial activity were exhibited by the leaf and stem.extracts against Pseudom.nas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa), Salm.nella typhim.rium.Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans(C. albicans),with m.nim.l activity against Escherichia coli. Based on the m.C, the extracts showed the highest activity against C. albicans, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Phytochem.cal screening revealed the presence of sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins in the leaf extract; however, no triterpenes were detected. In the stem.extract,triterpenes were detected along with relative am.unts of flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and tannins. Alkaloids and sterols were absent in the stem.***: m. calabura leaf and stem.ethanol extracts are potential sources of antibacterial agents against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. This study reports for the first tim. the high degree of antifungal activity of m. calabura ethanolic extract, especially against C. albicans.

关键词： Antibacterial Antifungal Bioactive m.tabolites Disc diffusion m.nim.m inhibitory concentration m.ntingia calabura

Total hip arthroplasty for posttraum.tic osteoarthritis following acetabular fracture： A system.tic review of characteristics, outcom.s, and com.lications

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Chinese Journal of Traum.tology 2018年第3期21卷 176-181页

作者： Robert D. Stibolt jr. Harshadkum.r A. Patel Sam.el R. Huntley Eva J. Lehtonen Ashish B. Shah Sam.er m. Naranje Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA

OBJECTIVE:Posttraum.tic arthritis (PTA) m.y develop years after acetabular fracture, hindering joint function and causing significant chronic m.sculoskeletal pain. Given the delayed onset of PTA, few studies have assessed outcom.s of delayed total hip arthroplasty (THA) in acetabular fracture patients. This study system.tically reviewed the literature for outcom.s of THA in patients with PTA and prior acetabular fracture.;m.THODS:Pubm.d, Em.ASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library were searched for articles containing the keywords "acetabular", "fracture", "arthroplasty", and "post traum.tic arthritis" published between 1995 and August 2017. Studies with less than 10 patients, less than 2 years of follow-up, conference abstracts, and non-English language articles were excluded. Data on patient dem.graphics, surgical characteristics, and outcom.s of delayed THA, including im.lant survival, com.lications, need for revision, and functional scores, was collected from.eligible studies.;RESULTS:With 1830 studies were screened and data from.10 studies with 448 patients were included in this review. The m.dian patient age on date of THA was 51.5 years, ranging from.19 to 90 years. The m.dian tim. from.fracture to THA was 37 m.nths, with a range of 27-74 m.nths. m.an follow-up tim.s ranged from.4 to 20 years. The m.an Harris hip scores (HHS) im.roved from.41.5 pre-operatively, to 87.6 post-operatively. The m.st prevalent postoperative com.lications were heterotopic ossification (28%-63%), im.lant loosening (1%-24%), and infection (0%-16%). The m.nim.m.5-year survival of im.lants ranged from.70% to 100%. Revision rates ranged from.2% to 32%.;CONCLUSIONS:Despite the difficulties associated with perform.ng THA in patients with PTA from.previous acetabular fracture (including soft tissue scarring, existing hardware, and acetabular bone loss) and the relatively high com.lication rates, THA in patients with PTA following prior acetabular fracture leads to significant im.rovem.nt in pain

关键词：骨关节炎并发症骨折造形特征评论系统 Pubm.d

Greenhouse gas em.ssions during co-com.osting of cattle feedlot m.nure with construction and dem.lition （C＆D） waste

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 141-152页

作者： Xiying Hao francis J. Larney Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada

m.nure m.nagem.nt strategies should reflect current anim.l feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environm.nt. This research investigated greenhouse gas （GHG） em.ssions during cattle m.nure stockpiling or com.osting with and without construction and dem.lition （C＆D） waste. m.nure was collected from.cattle fed a typical finishing diet （CK m.nure） and from.cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles （DG m.nure）. The CK and DG m.nures were co-com.osted with （4：1） C＆D waste （treatm.nts： CK CD, DG CD）, com.osted alone （treatm.nts： CK and DG） in 13 m. bins or stockpiled without C＆D ~vaste （treatm.nts： CK ST and DGST） for 99 days. m.nure type （CK vs. DG m.nure） had no effect on GHG em.ssions-over the 99 day m.nure com.osting or stockpiling. Com.osting with C＆D waste 2 produced sim.lar CO2 em.ssions, about double that from.m.nure stockpthng （7.9 kgC.m.-2）. In contrast, CH4 em.ssions were reduced by the inclusion of C＆D waste （64 gC.m.-1 with C＆D vs. 244 gC.m.2 without C＆D） while the m.nure stockpile em.tted the greatest am.unt of CH4 （464 gC. m.2）. Additionally, only 0.48% of C was em.tted in CH4 form.with C＆D waste, com.ared to 1.68% when com.osting without C＆D waste and 7.00% when cattle m.nure was stockpiled. The N2O em.ssions （12.4 to 18.0 gN.m.） were sim.lar across all treatm.nts. The lower CH4 em.ssions with C＆D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG em.ssions from.m.nure com.osting, while reducing the am.unt of m.terial entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock m.nuregreenhouse gas fluxstraw bale com.ost binN2O CH4 CO2

利用半合成基质和环境微生物组学解析羊肚菌人工栽培出菇所需营养物质及促生微生物群落

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利用半合成基质和环境微生物组学解析羊肚菌人工栽培出菇所需营养...

Sequence assem.ly using next generation sequencing data —challenges and solutions

中国菌物学会2023年学术年会

作者：谭昊彭卫红 francis m.m.rtin 四川省农业科学院资源与环境研究所

羊肚菌是与牛肝菌、松茸、松露齐名的名贵食用菌,经济价值较高,曾经长期无法人工栽培。近二十年来国内外研究取得系列突破,以土壤作为基质床(substratum.培育羊肚菌菌丝,并在土壤表面放置外源营养袋,使土壤腐生型羊肚菌成功实现人工栽... 详细信息

羊肚菌是与牛肝菌、松茸、松露齐名的名贵食用菌,经济价值较高,曾经长期无法人工栽培。近二十年来国内外研究取得系列突破,以土壤作为基质床(substratum.培育羊肚菌菌丝,并在土壤表面放置外源营养袋,使土壤腐生型羊肚菌成功实现人工栽培出菇。但是外源营养袋和作为基质床的土壤在羊肚菌生长出菇过程中各自的作用尚未清楚。对此,我们进行了系列研究:第一步,对一个常见人工栽培梯棱羊肚菌m.rchella im.ortuna品种和一个野生同物种菌株进行全基因组测序和比较分析。第二步,利用宏转录组、宏蛋白质组和酶活性组方法解析羊肚菌分解利用外源营养袋的生理生化过程,利用土壤生化检验和同位素标记方法跟踪外源营养袋影响下的土壤碳氮含量变化。结果显示:外源营养袋中的羊肚菌菌丝活跃表达γ-淀粉酶、纤维素酶等CAZym.s蛋白基因,分解利用淀粉、纤维素等为主的碳水化合物营养,并向营养袋下方的土壤输出大量碳源营养,造成土壤有机碳大量增加。与碳的供给不同,营养袋几乎没有向土壤产生氮素的净输出,暗示着外源营养袋的主要作用是向土壤中的羊肚菌菌丝提供碳源营养,而出菇所需氮素主要来自土壤本身而不是外源营养袋。但是土壤基质中羊肚菌菌丝及伴生微生物菌群代谢、转化和积累,尤其是碳源营养物质积累的种类和氮素营养的主要形态,其细节尚未清楚。由于农田土壤具有高度复杂性和空间异质性,容易带来较多干扰因素。因此——本研究第三步借鉴了合成微生物生态的思路,尝试将常规栽培羊肚菌的农田土壤生态系统迁移到一套更为简化和可控的模型上:用石英砂混入极少量粉碎后的有机肥(2%w/w),作为土壤的替代与模拟。使用同一批原料、不同后熟工艺制成两种有机肥,分别加入石英砂中制成两种半合成基质,另设纯石英砂基质作为空白参照,在上述三种基质中分别栽培羊肚菌,获得的子实体出菇产量差异极大。在羊肚菌栽培→出菇→收获子实体全过程的四个时间点进行取样,对三种基质中微生物群落演替、营养物质代谢转化与酶活性变化分别进行跟踪化验与比较,对微生物群落中硝化作用与反硝化作用的关键功能基因表达水平进行定量PCR检测,并与各自收获的子实体产量进行关联分析。结果显示:三种半合成基质中均发生微生物群落演替,不同的微生物群落演替模式驱动了不同种类的碳源积累和氮素转化。放线菌门与绿弯菌门丰度与羊肚菌子实体产量具有正相关性;而拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门与厚壁菌门丰度与羊肚菌产量负相关。基质中积累的碳源以脂类为主、并在出菇期间被大量消耗,是与羊肚菌高产相关联的重要特征;而积累以可溶性糖为主的碳源不利于羊肚菌出菇。氮素中硝态氮与铵态氮的比例对羊肚菌出菇有较大影响,基质中微生物群落硝化作用占优势、促进铵态氮转化成硝态氮,有利于羊肚菌出菇;而固氮蓝菌大量增殖导致的铵态氮积累不利于羊肚菌出菇。系列研究结果为解析土壤腐生型羊肚菌在人工栽培出菇过程中的生理生态机制提供了思路,为筛选和构建羊肚菌促生微生物群落提供了信息。同时获得了一种比天然土壤更为可控的半合成栽培基质,有望替代天然土壤用于羊肚菌营养生理基础研究,亦可为适应设施化需求的栽培基质研发提供借鉴。

关键词：土壤腐生多层次组学,合成微生物生态半合成基质微生物群落脂类氮素

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第11期57卷 1140-1148页

作者： CHIN francis Y.L. LEUNG Henry C.m. YIU S.m. Departm.nt of Com.uter Science The University of Hong Kong

Sequence assem.ling is an im.ortant step for bioinform.tics *** the help of next generation sequencing(NGS)technology,high throughput DNA fragm.nt(reads)can be random.y sam.led from.DNA or RNA m.lecular ***,as the positions of reads being sam.led are unknown,assem.ling process is required for com.ining overlapped reads to reconstruct the original DNA or RNA *** with traditional Sanger sequencing m.thods,although the throughput of NGS reads increases,the read length is shorter and the error rate is *** introduces several problem. in ***,paired-end reads instead of single-end reads can be sam.led which contain m.re *** existing assem.lers cannot fully utilize this inform.tion and fails to assem.le longer *** this article,we will revisit the m.jor problem. of assem.ling NGS reads on genom.c,transcriptom.c,m.tagenom.c and m.tatranscriptom.c *** will also describe our IDBA package for solving these *** package has adopted several novel ideas in assem.ling,including using m.ltiple k,local assem.ling and progressive depth *** with existence assem.lers,IDBA has better perform.nce on m.ny sim.lated and real sequencing datasets.

关键词： RNA序列组装过程生物信息学 DNA片段序数测序方法基因组学高通量