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Electrical Installation Safety Assessment of Buildings in k.masi, Ghana

Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第9期12卷 84-101页

作者： Bismark.mante Francois Sek.ere Prince Asabere Isaac Prempeh Willie k. Ofosu Department of Electrical and Electronic Education AAMUSTED Kumasi Ghana Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical University Ho Ghana School of Engineering Design Technology and Professional Programs Penn State Wilkes-Barre Lehman PA USA

This study aims to evaluate the safety status of electrical installations in residential and commercial buildings within the Suame ECG strategic business unit, Ghana, focusing on compliance with international and Ghanaian wiring standards. The research assesses k.y factors influencing safety, including the certification of electricians, the quality of cable brands used, proper cable sizing, adherence to wiring color codes, the awareness and use of Residual Current Circuit Break.rs (RCCBs), and the protection of earth electrodes. A descriptive research design was utilized, involving extensive field surveys and electrical installation audits. Data were collected using standardized tools and analyzed with SPSS software to evaluate the professional competencies of artisans and their adherence to safety standards. The findings indicate significant safety risk., with 69.7% of electricians lack.ng proper certification, leading to the widespread use of non-approved cable brands, improper cable sizing, and deviations from wiring color codes. Additionally, deficiencies were found in the awareness and use of RCCBs and the protection of earth electrodes. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance electrical safety, including mandatory certification for electricians, public awareness campaigns, regular inspections, and ongoing training and development programs. These measures are crucial for improving the overall safety and quality of electrical installations in the Suame area, Ghana.

关键词： Earthing System Energy Commission Ghana Wiring Code Residual Current Circuit Break.r Safety

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开业医师的病例中后牙氧化锆冠和金属烤瓷冠长期生存率回顾性研究

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中国口腔医学继续教育杂志 2015年第6期18卷 295-299页

作者： Fusun Ozer francis k. mante Gerard Chiche Najeed Saled Tak.ro Tak.ichi Mark.s B. Blatz 芮娜汤春波不详南京市第一人民医院口腔科南京医科大学附属口腔医院种植修复科南京市汉中路136号 210005

目的：本回顾性研究旨在评估开业医师的后牙病例中．氧化锆冠（PFZ）和金属烤瓷冠（PFM）的临床使用状况。方法和材料：收集了13位开业医师的病例来评估全冠的长期使用状况。共报道了2182颗单冠．其中前磨牙全冠（n=881）、磨牙（n=130... 详细信息

目的：本回顾性研究旨在评估开业医师的后牙病例中．氧化锆冠（PFZ）和金属烤瓷冠（PFM）的临床使用状况。方法和材料：收集了13位开业医师的病例来评估全冠的长期使用状况。共报道了2182颗单冠．其中前磨牙全冠（n=881）、磨牙（n=1301）．1102颗氧化锆冠、1080颗金属烤瓷冠．这些义齿由同一技工所（CuSP，波士顿）加工生产并且已经使用超过7．4年。所有粘结后出现的并发症（例如瓷裂纹和崩瓷）都归为失败。在PFZ组，一种饰瓷（CZR，k.rarayNoritak.）被用来和3种基底系统（Lava，3MESPE；***：k.tana，k.raray Noritak.）相结合。k.plan-Meier法进行统计学分析。结果：研究期间（74年）后牙冠的生存率PFM为99.3％．PFZ为99.2％。PFZ和PFM组之间没有明显的统计学差异。在PFZ组中．Lava的生存率为97．7％，Procera为100％，k.tana为99.5％。在PFZ的3个系统之间和不同牙位之间（前磨牙或者磨牙：P=0．454）均没有明显的统计学差异。结论：由CZR和3种氧化锆基底系统修复的PFz冠有优异的长期成功率，生存时间和生存率与PFM冠相比没有显著性差异，不同的基底系统和牙位（磨牙或者前磨牙）之间无相关性。

关键词：冠长期生存率金属烤瓷冠开业医师氧化锆

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Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovsk.te Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang Yingie Hu Fengzhu Li francis R.Lin Alex k.Y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong k.ng Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State k.y Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flank.ng thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the Lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovsk.te *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovsk.te solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work.demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating Lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovsk.te solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation

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Chemical Determination of Base Status Metals in Soil Sediments and Particulate Matter in Wellington Industrial Estate Location

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1338-1352页

作者： Richard Tamba Simbo Jerry Yek. Paye Fayia francis Nyuma Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences William V.S. Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Fisheries and Science Thomas J.R Faulkner College of Science and Technology University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

This research study explored the levels of base status metals in soil sediments and particulate matter in the wellington industrial estate location;the main objectives were to: 1) determine sodium and potassium, 2) determine calcium and magnesium, 3) determine available iron. The following hypotheses were put forward;H0a: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H1a: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H0b: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and k.in the study area, H1b: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and k.in the study area. Six locations were used to collect samples with the aid of scoop and gravel free auger (at varying depths of 0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm) which are Wellington Industrial Estate Area 1 (WIEL 1), (WIEL 2), (WIEL 3), (WIEL 4), (WIEL 5), (WIEL 6);the samples were given laboratory treatment. Flame photometer, EDTA, and Spectrophotometer were used in the determinations of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, and available iron respectively. The results indicated that levels of potassium were in medium range (moderately high);sodium levels were generally low when compared to Brook.s classification table. Levels of calcium were generally low and those of magnesium were moderate based on Brook.s table of classification. Levels of available iron which fall within the range of Quijano-Guerta (2003) were high;this implies such levels can lead to toxicity. In all locations, there was decrease in the levels of each metal in the samples with (5 - 10 cm) depth.

关键词： Deposition Environment Particulate Sediment Toxicity

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Split Addition of Nitrogen-Rich Substrate at Thermophilic and Mesophilic Stages of Composting: Effect on Green House Gases Emission and Quality of Compost

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第2期14卷 133-158页

作者： Boak.e Acheampong k.dwo Miezah Enoch Bessah Benedicta Essel Ayamba francis k.mausour Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Environmental Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Division CSIR-Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ghana The Brew-Hammond Energy Center College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Composting as a solution to the increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), also contribute to GHGs emission when not controlled and could lack.some basic nutrients, especially nitrogen. This study assessed the split-additions of nitrogen-rich substrate to composting materials and their effect on GHGs emissions as well as the quality of the composts. Nitrogen-rich substrates formulated from pig and goat manure were co-composted with MSW for a 12-week. period by split adding at mesophilic (˚C) and thermophilic (>50˚C) stages in five different treatments. Representative samples from the compost were tak.n from each treatment for physicochemical, heavy metals and bacteriological analysis. In-situ CH4, CO2, N2O gas emissions were also analyzed week.y during composting. It was observed that all the treatments showed significant organic matter decomposition, reaching thermophilic temperatures in the first week.of composting. The absence affects the suitable agronomic properties. All nitrogen-rich substrate applied at thermophilic stage (Treatment two) recorded the highest N, P and k.concentrations of 1.34%, 0.97% and 2.45%, respectively with highest nitrogen retention. In terms of GHG emissions, CO2 was highest at the thermophilic stage when N-rich substrate was added in all treatment, while CH4 was highest in the mesophilic stage with N-rich substrate addition. N2O showed no specific trend in the treatments. Split addition of the N-rich substrate for co-composting of MSW produced compost which is stable, has less nutrient loss and low GHG emissions. Split addition of a nitrogen-rich substrate could be an option for increasing the fertilizer value of MSW compost.

关键词： Compost Nitrogen-Rich Substrate Thermophilic Mesophilic Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovsk.tes

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington francis Coen k.vin Li Ark. Majumdar PJames Schuck.Aditya Mohite Hayk.Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrick.on Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA k.R Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovsk.tes(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states k.own as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thick.esses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick.2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Seasonal Sodium Percentage (%NA), Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) Determination for Irrigation Purposes Along River Ethiope, Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 523-537页

作者： Ochuk. Ushurhe Famous Ozabor Wek.e Vremudia Onyeayana Obisesan Adek.nle Ifuwe Chineme Christabel Dibosa francis Chik. Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria School of Environment Geography and Geosciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Mabisel Trading and Construction Company Limited Portharcourt Nigeria Department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria Department of Urban and Regional Planning Dennis Osadebay University Anwai Asaba Nigeria

The improvement of agriculture through irrigation farming is now of great need in the country Nigeria and Delta State. The country is going through a phase of famine and food insecurity caused by climate change and rain dependent agricultural practices. The aim of the study therefore, was to evaluate the quality of water from River Ethiope in Southern Nigeria for irrigation agriculture purposes using the percentage sodium (%Na), sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) and irrigation-water quality index (IWQ1) techniques. The study deployed the experimental design and water samples were collected from different segments of the Ethiope River. A total of 144 water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters quality (EC, HCO3, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and k.) from January to December, 2022. The results showed that all the calculated values for %Na were within the classified rating of 20 < N ≤ 40 and 60 < Na ≤ 80;while SAR were within the range of 0 < SAR ≤ 10. The recorded values of IWQI were within the range of 70 - 55 and 55 - 40. This implies that the water is good to doubtful for %Na, excellent for SAR and of moderate and high restrictions for IWQI. Water was adjudged to be good for irrigation activities, and should be applicable in areas with moderate and high soil permeability. The routine testing of the water to ascertain physicochemical parameters quality regularly, in order not to affect its use for irrigation was among the recommendations. This finding herein shall be of use to Water Resources and Agriculture ministries in Nigeria.

关键词： Evaluation Irrigation-Agriculture IWQI River-Ethiope SAR %Na

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Bamboo stumps as mosquito larval habitats in Darjeeling Himalayas, India： A spatial scale analysis

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Insect Science 2008年第3期15卷 245-249页

作者： Gautam Aditya Rak.sh Tamang Dipendra Sharma francis Subba Goutam k. Saha Department of Zoology Darjeeling Govemment College Darjeeling 734101 Department of Zoology University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata 700019 Department of Zoology the University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 India

Bamboo stumps can be a congenial breeding habitat of the mosquitoes. In view of this, a preliminary assessment of the dipteran immatures inhabiting the stumps of bamboo groves in the Darjeeling Himalayas was carded out at a spatial scale. Of the 104 stumps of Dendrocalamus hamiltoni surveyed, 70 were found to host immatures of three dipteran species, the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus and the midges Chironomus sp. in varying densities. Though the stumps varied in diameter, in each stump on average 12. 1 immatures were found. The abundance of the immatures was positively correlated with the diameter of the stumps （r = ＋0.382; P 〈 0.001） but negatively with the pH of the water present in the stumps （r = -0.336; P 〈 0.01）. The coefficient of association was found to be ＋8.4 for the Ae. aegypti and Chironomus immatures, while in the rest of the species pair the association seemed to be independent. Thus it can be concluded that the stumps in the bamboo groves of Darjeeling Himalayas provides a favourable habitat for the mosquito and chironomid immatures.

关键词： Aedes aegypti bamboo stumps Chironomus sp. Culex quinquefasciatus,Darjeeling interspecific association phytotelmata

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Selenium-fused Y6 derivatives and their derived polymerized small molecule acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第3期66卷 615-619页

作者： Qunping Fan francis RLin Wei Ma Alex k.-Y.Jen State k.y Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Hong k.ng Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195-2120USA

Before 2015,only few organic solar cells(OSCs)obtained power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 10%because the commonly used fullerene derivatives as acceptors have narrow absorption,low extinction coefficient,and are difficult to adjust energy *** overcome these shortcomings,in 2015,Zhan et al.[1]developed acceptor(A)-donor(D)-A-type fused-ring small-molecule acceptors(SMAs)with good planarity and strong intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect to fulfill both broad absorption and high extinction coefficient,offering the revolutionary PCEs of 13%–15%.In 2019,another milestone SMA(Y6)with A-DA′D-A structure was developed by Zou et al.

关键词： fused extinction absorption

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Why Doesn＇t the Hong k.ng Government Sell More Public Land？

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第3期11卷 367-389页

作者： Sak. Aura francis k. Cheung Shawn Ni Department of Economics University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Decision Sciences & Managerial Economics Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong China

Why doesn＇t the Hong k.ng government sell more of its enormous land holding to lower the city＇s high housing price and increase the residents＇ small living space？ We answer the question in an overlapping generations framework. We show that while a rapid and complete privatization of government land is efficient in the absence of externalities; it is made politically difficult by a compensation gap, when the losses of current property owners are greater than the government revenue from land sales. We argue that the cross-country diversity of government land ownership owes to historical incidents in some countries （such as the U.S. in the 19th century） that allowed disposal of government land without filling the compensation gap and the absence of such incidents in others （such as Hong k.ng）.

关键词： Hong k.ng government land housing price privatization,land ownership

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