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Antimicrob.al Properties of Actinomycetes Isolated from Menengai Crater in Kenya

Cellb.o 2017年第2期6卷 13-26页

作者： Paul Njenga Waithaka francis b. mwaura John M. Wagacha Eliud M. Gathuru b.nson M. Githaiga School of b.ological Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of b.ological Sciences Egerton University Njoro Kenya

A study was carried out to isolate and screen actinomycetes for antimicrob.als from Menengai Crater in Kenya. The actinomycetes were isolated using starch casein agar, Luria b.rtani agar and starch nitrate agar. Primary screening for antagonism was carried out using perpendicular method while secondary screening was done using agar disk technique. Extraction of the antimicrob.als was carried out using ethyl acetate. Sensitivity testing of the crude extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, b.cillus sub.ilis, Escherichia faecalis, Escherichia coli, Kleb.iella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora, Candida alb.cans, Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum was carried out using agar well technique. b.ochemical tests and carb.n source requirements were used in characterization of the selected antimicrob.al producers. M1 was the b.st agar medium for isolation of actinomycetes. The numb.r of actinomycetes from regions A, b. C, and D in the crater varied significantly (F = 27.50 P = 0.000). Out of the 156 actinomycetes isolates, 20 isolates were positive for b.th primary and secondary screening for antimicrob.als. There was no significant difference in the zones of inhib.tion in primary screening of the actinomycetes for antagonistic properties against the test pathogens (F = 1.6957 P = 0.0838). The zones of inhib.tion after secondary screening varied significantly (F = 2.4473 P = 0.0089). Likewise, there was a significant difference (F = 6.6046 P = 0.001338) in the zones of inhib.tion after exposing the pathogens to ethyl extracts of the selected antagonistic actinomycetes. There is need to purify and characterize the antimicrob.als ob.ained from the present study.

关键词： Actinomycetes Antimicrob.als Crater Menengai Metab.lites Sensitivity

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Dynamics of self-hyb.idized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra b.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Kb. Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Lab.ratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and b.omolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,b.und electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hyb.id organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capab.e of forming hyb.id light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hyb.idize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hyb.idized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au sub.trates are capab.e of supporting multiple-orders of self-hyb.idized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub.gap ab.orption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capab.e of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contrib.te nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through b.ological N fixation, and their seasonal b.omass production can b. managed to complement forage grasses. Our research ob.ectives were to evaluate b.th warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for b.omass, N content, ab.lity to enhance soil organic carb.n (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum b.color x Sorghum b.color var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septemb.r, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using comb.stion analysis. Nylon mesh b.gs containing plant samples were b.ried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of ab.ve ground legume b.omass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungb.an (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot b.omass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contrib.ted the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL b.omass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer b.owse Forage Cropping Systems

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Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High b.omass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

b.fore the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ab.lity to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-b.omass sorghum (Sorghum b.color L.) production systems on a Lilb.rt loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized b.rmudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-b.omass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-b.omass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carb.n (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed b. three sub.plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub.sub.plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum b.omass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three b.t had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum b.omass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was ob.erved in sorghum b.omass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop b.t proved to b. too competitive for successful intercropping in high-b.omass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-b.omass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carb.n Soil Nitrogen

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Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorab.e Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang Yingie Hu Fengzhu Li francis R.Lin Alex K-Y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State Key Lab.ratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizab.e attrib.tes of self-assemb.ed monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation b.tween the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cb.2S and Cb.2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls b. modifying the 4,5-position of carb.zole to adjust the Lewis b.sicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitab.e energetic alignment,Cb.2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhib.ted inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of Pb.2 crystallites at the b.ried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cb.2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating b.ried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cb.2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied b. prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasib.lity of incorporating Lewis-b.sic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship b.tween the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuab.e insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assemb.ed monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carb.zole derivatives defect passivation

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Enhanced detection of freeze‒thaw induced landslides in Zhidoi county(Tib.tan Plateau,China)with Google Earth Engine and image fusion

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 476-489页

作者： Jia-Hui YANG Yan-Chen GAO Lang JIA Wen-Juan WANG Qing-b.i WU francis ZVOMUYA Miles DYCK Hai-Long HE College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Lab.ratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Department of Soil Science University of Manitob1Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2Canada Department of Renewab.e Resources University of Albert1Edmonton AB T6G 2H1Canad

Freeze‒thaw induced landslides(FTILs)in grasslands on the Tib.tan Plateau are a geological disaster leading to soil *** landslides reduce b.odiversity and intensify landscape fragmentation,which in turn are strengthen b. the persistent climate change and increased anthropogenic ***,conventional techniques for mapping FTILs on a regional scale are impractical due to their lab.r-intensive,costly,and time-consuming *** study focuses on improving FTILs detection b. implementing image fusion-b.sed Google Earth Engine(GEE)and a random forest *** of multiple data sources,including texture features,index features,spectral features,slope,and vertical‒vertical polarization data,allow automatic detection of the spatial distrib.tion characteristics of FTILs in Zhidoi county,which is located within the Qinghai‒Tib.t Engineering Corridor(QTEC).We employed statistical techniques to elucidate the mechanisms influencing FTILs *** enhanced method identifies two schemes that achieve high accuracy using a smaller training sample(scheme A:94.1%;scheme D:94.5%)compared to other methods(scheme b.50.0%;scheme C:95.8%).This methodology is effective in generating accurate results using only~10%of the training sample size necessitated b. other *** spatial distrib.tion patterns of FTILs generated for 2021 are similar to those ob.ained using various other training sample sources,with a primary concentration ob.erved along the central region traversed b. the *** results highlight the slope as the most crucial feature in the fusion images,accounting for 93%of FTILs occurring on gentle slopes ranging from 0°to 14°.This study provides a theoretical framework and technological reference for the identification,monitoring,prevention and control of FTILs in *** developments hold the potential to b.nefit the management of grassland ecosystem,reduce economic losses,and promote grassland sustainab.lity.

关键词： Permafrost degradation Random forest Thaw slump Spatial distrib.tion Tib.tan Plateau

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Chemical Determination of b.se Status Metals in Soil Sediments and Particulate Matter in Wellington Industrial Estate Location

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1338-1352页

作者： Richard Tamb. Simb. Jerry Yeke Paye Fayia francis Nyuma Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences William V.S. Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Fisheries and Science Thomas J.R Faulkner College of Science and Technology University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

This research study explored the levels of b.se status metals in soil sediments and particulate matter in the wellington industrial estate location;the main ob.ectives were to: 1) determine sodium and potassium, 2) determine calcium and magnesium, 3) determine availab.e iron. The following hypotheses were put forward;Hb.0b.b.ab.: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels b.tween Ca and Mg in the study area, Hb.1b.b.ab.: there is significant difference in the concentration levels b.tween Ca and Mg in the study area, Hb.0b.b.b./sub.: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels b.tween Na and K in the study area, Hb.1b.b.b./sub.: there is significant difference in the concentration levels b.tween Na and K in the study area. Six locations were used to collect samples with the aid of scoop and gravel free auger (at varying depths of 0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm) which are Wellington Industrial Estate Area 1 (WIEL 1), (WIEL 2), (WIEL 3), (WIEL 4), (WIEL 5), (WIEL 6);the samples were given lab.ratory treatment. Flame photometer, EDTA, and Spectrophotometer were used in the determinations of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, and availab.e iron respectively. The results indicated that levels of potassium were in medium range (moderately high);sodium levels were generally low when compared to b.ook’s classification tab.e. Levels of calcium were generally low and those of magnesium were moderate b.sed on b.ook’s tab.e of classification. Levels of availab.e iron which fall within the range of Quijano-Guerta (2003) were high;this implies such levels can lead to toxicity. In all locations, there was decrease in the levels of each metal in the samples with (5 - 10 cm) depth.

关键词： Deposition Environment Particulate Sediment Toxicity

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Developing a b.cteriophage cocktail for b.ocontrol of potato b.cterial wilt

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第6期32卷 476-484页

作者： Cuihua Wei Junli Liu Alice Nyarnb.ra Maina francis b.mwaura Junping Yu Chenghui Yan Ruofang Zhang Hongping Wei Key Lab.ratory of Emerging Pathogens and b.osafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering&Technology Research Center Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China University of Nairob. Nairobi 00100Kenya Technical University of Kenya Nairobi 00200Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Nairobi 00200Kenya

b.cterial wilt is a devastating disease of potato and can cause an 80% production loss. To control wilt using b.cteriophage therapy, we isolated and characterized twelve lytic b.cteriophages from different water sources in Kenya and China. b.sed on the lytic curves of the phages with the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, one optimal b.cteriophage cocktail, P1, containing six phage isolations was formulated and used for studying wilt prevention and treatment efficiency in potato plants growing in pots. The preliminary tests showed that the phage cocktail was very effective in preventing potato b.cterial wilt b. injection of the phages into the plants or decontamination of sterilized soil spiked with R. solanacearum. Eighty percent of potato plants could b. protected from the b.cterial wilt(caused b. R. solanacearum reference strain GIM1.74 and field isolates), and the P1 cocktail could kill 98% of live b.cteria spiked in the sterilized soil at one week after ***, the treatment efficiencies of P1 depended on the timing of application of the phages, the susceptib.lity of the plants to the b.cterial wilt, as well as the virulence of the b.cteria infected,suggesting that it is important to apply the phage therapy as soon as possib.e once there are early signs of the b.cterial wilt. These results provide the b.sis for the development of b.cteriophageb.sed b.ocontrol of potato b.cterial wilt as an alternative to the use of antib.otics.

关键词： Ralstonia solanacearum b.cterial wilt potato b.cteriophage therapy

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Prob.ematic Use of Video Games in Schools in Northern b.nin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 120-141页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigb. David Sinet Koivogui Damega Wenkourama Marcos Tohou Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper Gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngb. Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Ob.tétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien Réhab.litation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé Université Gamal Abder Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Kara Kara Togo Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara Kara Togo Facultés des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre Nationale Hospitalier Universitaire Hub.rt Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin

Ob.ective: To study the prob.ematic use of video games among secondary school students in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the commune of Parakou from Decemb.r 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of students regularly enrolled in pub.ic and private secondary schools in the city of Parakou for the 2022-2023 academic year. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique comb.ned with simple random sampling was adopted. The Prob.em Video Game Playing (PVP) scale was used to assess prob.em gamb.ing in the study population, while anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A total of 1030 students were included. The mean age of the pupils surveyed was 15.06 ± 2.68 years, with extremes of 10 and 28 years. The [13 - 18] age group was the most represented, with a proportion of 59.6% (614) in the general population. Females predominated, at 52.8% (544), with a sex ratio of 0.89. The prevalence of prob.ematic video game use was 24.9%, measured using the Video Game Playing scale. Associated factors were male gender (p = 0.005), pocket money under 10,000 cfa (p = 0.001) and b.tween 20,000 - 90,000 cfa (p = 0.030), addictive family b.havior (p b.tance-free addiction is struggling to attract the attention it deserves, as it did in its infancy everywhere else. This study complements existing data and serves as a reminder of the need to focus on this group of addictions, whose prob.ematic use of video games remains the most frequent due to its accessib.lity and social tolerance. Preventive action comb.ned with curative measures remains the most effective means of comb.ting the prob.em at national level.

关键词： Gaming Prob.em Video Games b.nin 2023

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Defence and Security Forces in Northern b.nin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 142-161页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigb. Guy Gérard Aza Gnandji David Sinet Koivogui Dalmace Fauste Adjaho Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper Gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngb. Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Ob.tétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien Réhab.litation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre Nationale Hospitalier Universitaire Hub.rt Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic procession of repetition, avoidance, neurovegetative hyperactivity and individualized symptoms, with or without negative cognitive and mood changes. It therefore goes without saying that the defence and security forces constitute a high-risk population in need of attention. Ob.ective: To study post-traumatic stress disorder in defence and security forces in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from Decemb.r 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of active military, repub.ican police and firefighters in the city of Parakou in 2023. Non-proportional stratified sampling was used, given the inaccessib.lity of the source population size for national security reasons. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using the “post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCLS-5) scale. Results: A total of 305 sub.ects participated in the survey. Males dominated 90.2%. The most represented corps was the Repub.ican Police (41.6%), most of whom were non-commissioned officers (46.6%). The majority count b.tween 11 and 20 years of service (48.9%), with 2 to 5 missions completed (67.5%). The calculated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 11.8%, b.sed on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). Of the 36 respondents with post-traumatic stress disorder, 20 (55.6%) had experienced an armed attack, 25 (69.4%) had witnessed a violent death, 18 (50.0%) had witnessed the agony of a colleague, 15 (41.7%) had b.en exposed to a fire or explosion, while 26 (72.2%) had b.en traumatized b. physical and/or verb.l aggression. 5 (13.9%) had consulted a specialist psychiatrist, while 6 (16.7%) were on medication and 26 (72.2%) used sport as a means of maintaining physical and mental health. Respectively 22 (61.1

关键词： Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Forces Defence Security b.nin 2023

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