Tissues are the new frontier of discoveries in *** of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and *** how immune cells inhabit,housekeep,and defend gut,lung,brain,liver,uterus,and other organs help...
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Tissues are the new frontier of discoveries in *** of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and *** how immune cells inhabit,housekeep,and defend gut,lung,brain,liver,uterus,and other organs helps revealing the intimate details of tissue physiology and may offer new therapeutic targets to treat *** uterine microenvironment modulates the development and function of innate lymphoid cells[ILC,largely represented by natural killer(NK)cells],macrophages,T cells,and dendritic *** immune cells,in turn,contribute to tissue *** by ovarian hormones,the human uterine mucosa(endometrium)undergoes ~400 monthly cycles of breakdown and regeneration from menarche to menopause,with its fibroblasts,glands,blood vessels,and immune cells remodeling the tissue into the transient *** more transformative changes occur upon blastocyst *** the placenta is formed,the endometrial glands feed the embryo by histiotrophic nutrition while the uterine spiral arteries are stripped of their endothelial layer and smooth muscle *** arterial remodeling is carried out by invading fetal trophoblast and maternal immune cells,chiefly uterine NK(uNK)cells,which also assist fetal *** tran sformed arteries no Ion ger resp ond to mater nal stimuli and meet the increasi ng dema nds of the growing *** review focuses on how the everchanging uterine microenvironment affects uNK cells and how uNK cells regulate homeostasis of the decidua,placenta development,and fetal *** these pathways will help understand the causes of major pregnancy complications.
Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum malaria vary among individuals and between populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is lik...
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Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum malaria vary among individuals and between populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Natural killer (NK) cells produce inflammatory cytokines in response to malaria infection, kill intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites by cytolysis, and participate in the initiation and development of adaptive immune responses to plasmodial infection. These functions are modulated by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Therefore, variations in KIR and HLA genes can have a direct impact on NK cell functions. Understanding the role of KIRs and HLAs in immunity to malaria can help to better characterize antimalarial immune responses. In this review, we summarize the different KIRs and HLAs associated with immunity to malaria thus far.
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