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Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate

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World Journal of Methodology 2017年第3期7卷 73-92页

作者： Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic sc Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of Medicine Renal and Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington University Marshall University Joan C. Edwards school of Medicine Nephrology Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine

The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eg FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e gFR values and *** scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e gFR values and between e gFR values and measured gFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than gFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e gFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of gFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Serum creatinine Creatinine clearance Creatinine excretion Estimated glomerular filtration rate Cystatin C Renal imaging Hyperfiltration Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease

geographic and health system correlates of interprofessional oral health practice

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第2期6卷 77-84页

作者： Sean g.Boynes Abigail Lauer Amy Martin Office of Interprofessional Practice The DentaQuest InstituteWestboroughMAUSA Department of Public Health Services Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Division of Population Oral Health Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Objective:This study explores geographic,system,and organizational constructs that predict medical care teams’willingness to administer fluoride varnish and conduct oral health risk ***:A cross-sectional survey of voluntary health professionals attending trainings on interprofessional oral health practice was completed at ten meetings across the United States from April through September,*** and multivariate analyses were used to examine un-known correlates of oral health prevention and intervention at geographic,organizational,and sys-tem levels relating to the impact of referral mechanisms and systems as well as health information technology on fluoride varnish administration and risk-based oral ***:A convenience cohort(n=560)from 44 states was ***(68.7%,n=385)agreed with the dependent variable“medical providers at our site,or part of our network,are admin-istering fluoride varnish and identifying oral health risk factors in the majority of patients seen.”In bivariate analysis,organization type(P=0.0067),having successful referral systems(Pgeographic indicators were *** referral system indicators were significant in multivariate *** referrals(Pg a depend-able referral system and dependent variable agreement were 4.5 times greater than for those who lacked dependable referral systems(odds ratio 4.54,confidence interval 2.79-7.39).The odds of those who had dependable EHRs and dependent variable agreement were 2.4 times greater than for those who lacked useful EHRs(odds ratio 2.4,confidence interval 1.29-4.37).Conclusion:The dependability of medical-to-dental referral systems and processes impacts the administration of fluoride varnish and identification

关键词： Oral health referral management risk-based care population health coordinated care

A large carbon sink induced by the implementation of the largest afforestation program on Earth

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 598-607页

作者： Jiaojun Zhu Yirong Sun Xiao Zheng Kai Yang g.geoff Wang Chaozong Xia Tao Sun Jinxin Zhang Qingyuan Forest CERN CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Non-Commercial Forests Shenyang 110016LiaoningChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634-0317USA Academy of Forestry-grassland Inventory and Planning Beijing 100013China

Background Three-North Afforestation Program(TNAP)in China is the largest ecological restoration project on Earth(ongoing from 1978 to 2050),harboring a huge area of newly planted forests,which provides a wealth of goods and ecosystem services that benefit society at levels ranging from region to East *** project-induced carbon(C)sink has been expected to be large,but its size and location remain *** In this study,we investigated the changes in the C stocks of biomass,soil C and the C accumulation ben-efited from the ecological effects in the project areas from 1978 to 2017 within the Three-North regions(4.069×10^(6)km^(2)),and evaluated its project-induced C *** a combination of remote sensing images,field obser-vations and national forest inventory data,we estimated a total ecosystem sink of 47.06 Tg C per year(1 Tg=10^(12)g)increased by the TNAP ***,we first found that the C sink via the ecological effects of this project could contribute to a high proportion up to 15.94%,indicating a critical role of ecological effects in shaping the distribution of C stocks in the protective *** finding suggests that it is necessary to explicitly consider carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects when estimating C sink and parameterizing C models of the restoration projects in China and *** Our results update the estimates of C pools in the world’s largest ecological restoration project area,demonstrating that this project has substantially contributed to mitigating the climate change.

关键词： Three-North Afforestation Program Carbon sequestration Ecological restoration Carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects

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Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 457-468页

作者： Liqiang Cui James A.Ippolito Matt Noerpel Kirk g.scheckel Jinlong Yan school of Environmental science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyNo.211 Jianjun RoadYancheng 224003China Department of Soil and Crop sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response Land Remediation and Technology DivisionUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnatiOH 45224-1701USA

Biochars,when applied to contaminated solutions or soils,may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing neces-sary plant *** purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw(Triticum aestivum L.)biochar application(0,5,and 15%by wt)to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch *** both experiments,solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15%to Cd containing solutions,Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances,Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%,and solution pH increased as compared to the 5%biochar application *** responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil,suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil *** significant,positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time,while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate,potentially toxic element sorption and *** latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below~*** support of this contention,the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides,sorption to(oxy)hydroxides,and organically bound to biochar as Zn *** a multi-functional material,biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant *** findings suggest that biochar may be a‘win-win’for improving environmental quality in pot

关键词： Biochar Cadmium Nutrient availability Sequential extraction procedure X-ray absorption spectroscopy Zinc

Cascading effect of source limitation on the granivore-mediated seed dispersal of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)in secondary forest ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Jing Wang g.geoff Wang Rong Li Yirong Sun Lizhong Yu Jiaojun Zhu Qiaoling Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA.

Background:granivore-mediated seed dispersal is susceptible to changes in seed availability and silvicultural management,which alters synzoochorous interactions in the antagonism-mutualism continuum and affects the seed dispersal effectiveness(SDE),and eventually,the plant *** conducted a whole-year study of seed addi-tion to quantify the granivores-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)synzoochorous interactions and the SDE in the same sec-ondary forests with two *** treatments had seed source limitations:one was caused by the disappear-ance of Korean pine due to the historical disturbance,the other by pinecone harvesting in Korean pine plantations adjacent to the secondary *** with different intensities(control,25%,and 50%)were also performed to further explore the synzoochorous interactions and SDE in response to silvicultural management in the second type of ***:Source limitation increased the proportion of pre-and post-dispersal seed predation,and made the granivores-Korean pine interaction shift more towards antagonism,with the estimated SDE of 2.31 and 3.60,respec-tively,for the secondary forests without and with Korean *** with different intensities did not alleviate the reactions towards antagonism but altered SDE;granivores occurrence decreased,but the proportion of pre-and post-dispersal seed predation increased,resulting in a fivefold decreased seedling recruitment in 25%thinning(the lowest SDE of 0.26).Conclusion:The source limitation coupling thinning biased the synzoochorous interactions more towards antago-nism and significantly lowered granivore-mediated SDE,which limited the successful recruitment of Korean pine in secondary *** managers should control pinecone harvesting,protect the synzoochorous interaction,and take into account masting event for Korean pine regeneration in the future.

关键词： Human disturbance Thinning treatment Synzoochorous interaction Forest restoration

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with wild plants in a coastal ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 683-695页

作者： Jinping Wang Shilin Ma g.geoff Wang Linhao Xu Zhiyuan Fu Juan Song Jinchi Zhang Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological RestorationNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant *** little is known about the structure and composition of AMF communities on coastal beaches of eastern *** this study,we investigated the occurrence,community composition and diversity of AMF associated with common wild plants on a coastal beach of North Jiangsu,*** all of the local wild species were colonized by AMF except for Chenopodium album ***-seven AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere belonging to 12 genera in seven *** was the dominant genus and Funneliformis mosseae the dominant *** colonization,spore composition and diversity of AMF were strongly related to edaphic ***(Na^(+))ions in the soil significantly and negatively affected the colonization rate by AMF and both soil Na^(+)levels and pH had a significant negative effect on AMF spore density and ***,there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and total organic *** results provide insights into soil factors affecting native AMF communities in coastal beach habitats which could benefit vegetation recovery and soil reclamation efforts.

关键词： AMF diversity Coastal beach Edaphic factors Mycorrhizal composition Wild hosts

Synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of flower-like motifs and associated composites of nitrogen-enriched tungsten nitride(W2N3)

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1434-1443页

作者： Sha Tan Brian M.Tackett Qun He Ji Hoon Lee Jingguang g.Chen Stanislaus S.Wong Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNY 11794-3400USA Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Chemistry Department Building 555Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

We have sought to improve the electrocatalytic performance of tungsten nitride through synthetic control over chemical composition and *** particular,we have generated a thermodynamically unstable but catalytically promising nitrogen-rich phase of tungsten via a hydrothermal generation of a tungsten oxide intermediate and subsequent annealing in *** net product consisted of three-dimensional(3D)micron-scale flower-like motifs of W2N3;this architecture not only evinced high structural stability but also incorporated the favorable properties of constituent two-dimensional *** a performance perspective,as-prepared 3D W2N3 demonstrated promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activities,especially in an acidic environment with a measured overpotential value of−101 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm^*** further enhance the electrocatalytic activity,small amounts of precious metal nanoparticles(such as Pt and Au),consisting of variable sizes,were uniformly deposited onto the underlying 3D W2N3 motifs using a facile direct deposition method;these composites were applied towards the CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR).A highlight of this series of experiments was that Au/W2N3 composites were found to be a much more active HER(as opposed to either a CO2RR or a methanol oxidation reaction(MOR))catalyst.

关键词： tungsten nitride synthesis composite morphology control electrocatalysis

Investigation of normal,lateral,and oblique impact of microscale projectiles into unidirectional glass/epoxy composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第11期18卷 1960-1978页

作者： Christopher S.Meyer Isabel g.Catugas John W.gillespie Jr. Bazle Z.gama Haque University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials(UD-CCM) 101 Academy StreetNewarkDE19716USA

Spacesuits and spacecraft must endure high velocity impacts from micrometeoroids. This work considers the impact of 100 μm diameter projectiles into composite targets at velocities from 0.5 km/s to 2 km/*** work begins by presenting an energy-based theoretical model relating depth of penetration(Do P)and impact force to impact velocity, characteristic time, and threshold velocity and force. Next, this work compares numerical simulations of normal impact on composites to the theoretical model. Numerical simulations are conducted with LS-DYNA and the well-known composite model, MAT-162. The numerical models consider unidirectional S2-glass fiber reinforced sc-15 epoxy composite laminates. The numerical model shows good correlation with the theoretical model. The numerical model also investigates lateral impact, parallel to the fiber direction, and oblique impact at angles from 30°to 82.5°.This work decomposes oblique impact into normal and lateral components, and compares them with normal and lateral impact results. The results show good correlation of the normal component of oblique results with the theoretical model. This numerical and theoretical study focuses on Do P, velocity, and penetration resistance force as functions of time. The theoretical model and numerical simulations are used to determine new Do P parameters: characteristic time of depth of penetration and threshold impact velocity. These models are a first step in developing the capability to predict Do P for oblique,microscale, high-speed impact on composite materials.

关键词： Microscale Hypervelocity impact Composites Erosion Penetration

1.55μm波长IngaAsP微盘半导体激光器的室温激射性质

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中国有色金属学报 2007年第5期17卷 732-736页

作者：伍冠洪 J.g.McInerney 长沙理工大学物理与电子科学学院长沙410076 爱尔兰国立科克大学物理系科克

经过外延生长和腐蚀分离后,直径为1～10μm的独立微盘激光器件分别被粘附在多模光纤的端面上。在室温条件下采用光学泵浦,对该类器件均实现了脉冲和连续激射,输出波长在1.5～1.525μm之间,在脉冲和连续输出下阈值泵浦能量分别为64和109... 详细信息

经过外延生长和腐蚀分离后,直径为1～10μm的独立微盘激光器件分别被粘附在多模光纤的端面上。在室温条件下采用光学泵浦,对该类器件均实现了脉冲和连续激射,输出波长在1.5～1.525μm之间,在脉冲和连续输出下阈值泵浦能量分别为64和109μW,激射波长随着热效应增加而呈现红移现象。该类器件在未来全光网络和集成光路中具有良好的应用前景。

关键词： IngaAsP 微盘激光器多模光纤光学泵浦集成光路