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Diabetes and Hypertension Are Associated with Food Insecurity in a Cameroonian Population: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 1-21页

作者： Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente Pauline Vervaine Hagbe Hippolyte Tene Mouafo Janvier Aime Fotso Youovop Ousmane Mfopou Mbiondi Javeres Leonel Ntepe Mbah Roussel Guy Nguemto Takuissu raissa francois. ntentie Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Oben Enyong Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Laboratory of Human Metabolism and Non-Communicable Disease Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Higher Teacher’s and Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center of Nutrition and Functional Foods Yaounde Cameroon

Diabetes and hypertension are the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies showed an increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in our country. The aim of this study was to assess how food insecurity affects the dietary habits, socio-demographic characteristics and metabolic profile of individuals with diabetes or hypertension. This case-control study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive participants (cases) and diabetic and hypertensive normal (controls) during the screening campaigns for nutrition-related chronic diseases. The sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of the participants were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension in the study population. Bivariate analyses showed that male gender (OR = 1.972;95% CI: 1.250 - 3.089), regular alcohol consumption (OR = 2.012;95% CI: 1.294 - 3.130), low fruit consumption (OR = 1.590;95% CI: 1.016 - 2.488), low dietary diversity (OR = 2.915;95% CI: 1.658 - 5.127) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.893, CI 95% 1.203 - 2.978) were significantly associated with hypertension. In addition, low fruit consumption (OR = 1.829;95% CI 1.092 - 3.064), low legume consumption (OR = 3.515;95% CI 1.861 - 6.635), and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.241, 95% CI 1.139 - 4.408) were significantly associated with diabetes. The indirect association observed between food insecurity and diabetes and hypertension suggests the need for nutritional policies aimed at popularizing the production and consumption of fruits and legumes. Similarly, health services need to be aware and informed of the important role that food insecurity can play in the development of diabetes and hypertension.

关键词： Food Insecurity Diabetes Hypertension Cameroon

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Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Women of Childbearing Age in Cameroon: A Cross Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第4期10卷 369-392页

作者： Christelle Momdjo M’bobda Judith Laure Ngondi françois. raïssa ntentie Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Julius Enyong Oben Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Higher Teacher’s and Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Centre for Food and Nutrition Research IMPM Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in various geographical settings in Cameroon so as to propose intervention strategies. Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted from January 2014 to August 2015, women aged 14 - 49 years were randomly selected from the capital city Yaounde and four regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measures were collected for nutritional status assessment. Data on diet habits and socio-demographic parameters were collected. Results: 608 women of reproductive age with average age 34.68 ± 0.39 years made up the study. Dietary patterns assessment revealed that, most study participants had a frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods and fats and oils rich foods;but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Nutritional status assessment revealed that, 2.1% were underweight, 28.6% had a normal weight, 30.8% overweight, and 38.5% obese. The grass field regions presented the highest prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Higher malnutrition levels were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans;milk and dairy products;vegetables and fruits food groups. Conclusion: Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern and a poor nutritional status. Therefore, strategies such as nutritional education are warranted and should be age and region specific, so as to target specific groups of women and ensure adequate nutritional status and health.

关键词： Diet Pattern Nutritional Status Childbearing Age Women Cameroon

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Metabolic Abnormalities and Metabolic Syndrome among Cameroonian Women: Comparative Study between Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第7期8卷 76-89页

作者： françois. raïssa ntentie Mary-Ann Angie Mbong Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo Boris Rornald Tonou Tchuenté Ousmane Mfopou Mboindi Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Enyong Oben Department of Earth and Life Sciences Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Food and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Study Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaounde Cameroon

The high prevalence of non-communicable diseases is a challenging problem in the Cameroonian population and women are the most affected. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among pre- and post-men- opausal women living in urban areas in Cameroon. A total of 499 women were recruited during a mass health campaign in 2018. Metabolic abnormalities were diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. MetS was defined using IDF criteria with slight modification (total cholesterol used instead of HDL cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between menopausal status and metabolic abnormalities and MetS in age control and non-control models. The prevalence of high waist- to-hip ratio (56.8% vs 36.3%, p rall prevalence of MetS was 30.1% and post-menopausal women were more affected (33.8% vs 25.0%;p = 0.034). The odds ratio of MetS was 1.888 (95% CI: 1.016 - 3.507) when age was covariate, but was slightly reduced without age control (OR = 1.532;95% CI: 1.031 - 2.275). Metabolic abnormalities seem to be a major health problem among Cameroonian women and menopausal status increased the risk of developing a cardiovascular event.

关键词： Metabolic Abnormalities MetS Menopausal Status Cameroonian Women

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Relationship between Adiposity, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles Size and Cardiovascular Risk among Adult Obese Cameroonians

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第2期12卷 185-206页

作者： Jacob Tchinda Nkougni françois. raissa ntentie Martin Fonkoua Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Guy Roussel Takuissu Nguemto Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Enyong Oben Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Earth and Life Sciences Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research (CRASAN) Institute for the Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon School of Clinical Medicine University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections (CREMER) Institute for the Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Despite the evidence about the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult obese Cameroonians, little is known about the Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles which influence lipid metabolism and affect cardiovascular status. The present study aims to assess the relationship between adiposity, LDL particles size and cardiovascular risk (CVR) among adult obese Cameroonians. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to March 2016 on apparently healthy adults (n = 1006), aged 20 - 70 years and living in the West and North-West regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile markers were analyzed and LDL particle phenotypes (LDL phenotype A;LDL phenotype I;LDL phenotype B) were characterized using small, dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-c) levels. Abdominal fat accumulation (AFA) was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm (men) and ≥90 cm (women) and the CVR was assessed using Framingham score method. Results: In the overall population, 36.6% were overweight, 33.1% were obese and 69.1% were overweight/obese with AFA. The prevalence of LDL phenotype B was 19.8%, 37.5% and 42.8% respectively in normal-weight, overweight and obese. Among the obese, sdLDL and triglycerides levels correlated significantly with WC (r = 0.768;p Conclusion: Among obese Cameroonians, anthropometric markers of adiposity (BMI and WC) were strongly correlated to LDL phenotype B which was associated with high CVR dependently of AFA. SdLDL particles could exacerbate the CVR in obese Cameroonians subjects.

关键词： Obese Cameroonians LDL Particle Size Adiposity Markers Cardiovascular Risk

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Characterization of Dyslipidemia and Assessment of Atherogenic Risk amongst Cameroonian Living in Yaounde: A Cross Sectional Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第7期7卷 35-50页

作者： Huguette Cecile Mafo Yangoua Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Dieudonne Kuate franç ois. raissa ntentie Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo Jacob Tchinda Nkougni Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Oben Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Food and Nutrition Research IMPM Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Higher Teaching’ Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20 - 65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%) was the main lipid abnormality found, independently of gender, age, fat location. Waist circumference (WC) unlike body mass index (BMI) and body fatness was associated to hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Low HDL-cholesterolemia and high atherogenic risk profile are more prevalent amongst Cameroonian adults. Promotion of healthy lifestyle including good eating habits shall be encouraged to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease complications.

关键词： Dyslipidemia Obesity Atherognic Risk Lipid Markers Cameroon

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Infected Cameroonian Patients

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第1期4卷 85-92页

作者： Henriette Therese Dimodi Lucien Sone Etame Boris Signing Nguimkeng Florine Essouman Mbappe Nadine Essola Ndoe Jacob Nkougni Tchinda JJustin Abega Ebene francois. raissa ntentie GBoris Azantsa Kingue Mary-Ann Mbong Angie Ghislain Djiokeng Paka Charles Kouanfack Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Oben Enyong Department of Biochemistry Yaounde I UniversityYaoundeCameroon Centre for Food and Nutrition Research(CraN) Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Study(IMPM)Ministry of Scientific Research and InnovationYaoundeCameroon Higher Teacher’s Training College(ENS) University of MarouaMarouaCameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of BueaBueaCameroon INRS-Institut Armand Frappier LavalQuebecCanada Central Hospital YaoundeCameroon

Aims: Metabolic complications related to antiretroviral therapy are rarely investigated among HIV-infected patients in Cameroon. The study reports the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among HIV-infected Cameroonians. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 492 patients (338 women, 117 men;age range 20 years) recruited at a reference centre, the day hospital, Central Hospital in Yaounde between September 2009 and September 2010. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF (International Diabetes Federation) and NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria relative to obesity, glycemic, lipid, arterial blood pressure parameters. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 32.8% according to IDF and 30.7% by NCEP (p = 0.0001). The prevalences of individual components according to IDF and NCEP were as follows: abdominal obesity (40.5%;26.9% respectively), hypertriglyceridemia (55.5%), low HDL cholesterol (42.5%), systolic hypertension (38.2%) diastolic hypertension (28.5%), hyperglycemia (31.2%;1.3% p = 0.0001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 36% in patients under HAART, 23.4% in naive, (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome depends on the presence and the type of HAART used, the definition and the gender.

关键词： HIV Antiretroviral Drugs Abdominal Obesity Dyslipidemia Hypertension Hyperglycemia Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence

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