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Rainfall Variability and Trends in West Africa

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 72-83页

作者： Anoumou Réné Tano françois-xavier djézia bella bouo Justin Koffi Kouamé Yao Tchétché Sylvain djédjé Zézé Bafétigué Ouattara Equipe de la Physique pour l’Environnement Laboratoire de Physique Fondamentale et Appliquée Université NANGUI ABROGOUA Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Physique Université de Man Man C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Rainfall variability associated with climate change has enormous impacts on ecosystems, agriculture and people in West Africa but few studies have been devoted to it. Monthly rainfall data from 1901 to 2013, provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center dataset, were analyzed using segmentation and empirical modal decomposition (EMD) methods to increase our knowledge on past and recent spatio-temporal rainfall trends and their impacts on the West African region. The results obtained showed that the peak of rainfall during the short rainy season is observed in September in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Liberia. The temporal variability of this rainfall is marked by several breakpoints whose durations range from 2 to 70 years. The periods of change in the rainfall regime, characterized by the appearance of breakpoints, vary from one country to another and are of unequal duration. The main breakpoint appears after 1960. Periods of relative or normal increase or decrease in precipitation are observed before and after 1960. The long-term variability of this rainfall is characterized by a decrease in the amount of rainfall over all West African countries. The results of this study can be used as a tool to help raise awareness among populations for sustainable management of water resources in response to climate change and its adverse effects.

关键词： Rainfall Variability Segmentation Method Empirical Mode Decomposition Method West Africa

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Development of an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Ivorian Coast in West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第11期9卷 1171-1184页

作者： Rene A.Tano Angora Aman Elisee Toualy Yves K.Kouadio bouo bella djezia francois-xavier Kwasi Appeaning Addo Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics Nangui Abrogoua UniversityAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Climate Tropical Team Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid MechanicsFelix Houphouet Boigny University of CocodyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies University of GhanaAccraGhana

This study assesses the vulnerable state of the 566-km Ivorian coastal area using the physical (geomorphology, coastal slope, coastal retreat rate, relative sea level rise and wave/Tide energy) and socio-economic (coastal population density, harbor, airport, road, land use and protected area) factors as indicators. This enabled an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index to be determined for the Ivorian coastal zone. This Index could be defined as the weighted average of indexes based on physical and socio-economic factors. The study revealed that vulnerability of the western and the eastern coastlines of Cote d’Ivoire are strongly influenced by human activities, while physical forcing affects significantly the vulnerability of the central section. The relative vulnerability of the different sections depends also strongly on the geomorphology, wave energy, coastal population density and land use factors. The west and central sections of the coastline are more resilient than the eastern section when integrating physical and socio-economic factors. The Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index, based on physical and socio-economic factors, appears to be more appropriate for coastal vulnerability assessment. These results could be useful in the development of adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of this coastal area and then extended for West Africa Coastal Areas Management.

关键词： Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index Ivorian Coast Socio-Economic Pressure Physical Forcing

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Effects of Natural Processes on Sea Level Change along the West African Coastline

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2024年第4期14卷 78-95页

作者： Anoumou R. Tano Sandrine djakouré Kouamé J. Koffi Yves Kouadio Yao Tchetche Donatus B. Angnuureng Angora Aman françois-xavier B. D. bouo Appeaning Addo Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cote dIvoire Laboratory of Sciences of Matter Environment and Solar Energy Felix Houphoet Boigny University of Cocody Abidjan Cote dIvoire Laboratory of Physics University of Man Man Cote dIvoire Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Coastal hazards induced by meteo-marine forcing are exacerbated by sea level change along the West African coastline. Changes in sea level are induced by ocean processes such as ocean heat content and river discharge. However, although these processes control largely change in sea level, they remain poorly understood. This study analyzes changes in ocean heat content, river discharge, and sea level and establishes an interconnection between these parameters using several statistical methods over the 1993-2021 period. Results showed a significant correlation between sea level and ocean heat content at 2000 m depth. The yearly minimum value appears in July from Cote d’Ivoire to Benin, whilst this value appears in June in Nigeria. The temporal variability of ocean heat content, river discharge and sea level along the West African coastline exhibits three or four periods interrupted by some breakpoints with unequal duration. The results indicate that the 1993-2000 period was dominated by an increasing ocean heat content along the coastline, while the period after the 2000s exhibits mostly a decreasing trend. Positive and negative trends characterized river discharge and sea level along this coastline. The result of multiple linear regression between sea level, river discharge and ocean heat content is a good approximation of sea level trend along the West African coastline. The results of this study could be used to predict future sea level trends along the coast.

关键词： Coastal Sea Level River Discharge Heat Content West African Coast

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