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Behavioral and physiological flexibility are used by birds to manage energy and support investment in the early stages of reproduction

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 767-792页

作者： franois VZINA Katrina G. SALVANTE Département de Biologie chimie et géographieGroupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORASUniversité du Québec à Rimouski Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University

Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive organs when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling in preparation for breeding. Females undergo rapid （days） recrudescence and regression of their reproductive organs at each breeding attempt, while males grow their organs ahead of time at a much slower rate （weeks） and may maintain them at maximal size throughout the breeding season. Reproduction is associated with significant metabolic costs. Egg production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting metabolic rate （RMR） over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an organ that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating egg size and quality. In males, gonadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and general conclusions regarding energetic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energy budgets and highlight the strategies used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energy is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving energy. Decreasing locomotor activity saves energy during challenges such as egg production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energy budgets. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiological level to meet energy demands. In zebra finches breeding in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying, likely due to down-regulation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing females to defend mini

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic flexibility BMR Energy budget Organ Egg size Physiological tradeoff Fitness

A Formal Passage From a System of Boltzmann Equations for Mixtures Towards a Vlasov-Euler System of Compressible Fluids

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2019年第1期35卷 158-173页

作者： Laurent DESVILLETTES fran?ois GOLSE Valeria RICCI Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris Rive GaucheUMR CNRS 7586 CNRS Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ CMLS Ecole polytechnique et CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Università degli Studi di Palermo

A formal asymptotics leading from a system of Boltzmann equations for mixtures towards either Vlasov-Navier-Stokes or Vlasov-Stokes equations of incompressible fluids was established by the same authors and Etienne Bernard in: A Derivation of the Vlasov-Navier-Stokes Model for Aerosol Flows from Kinetic Theory Commun. Math. Sci., 15: 1703–1741(2017) and A Derivation of the Vlasov-Stokes System for Aerosol Flows from the Kinetic Theory of Binary Gas Mixtures. KRM, 11: 43–69(2018). With the same starting point but with a different scaling, we establish here a formal asymptotics leading to the Vlasov-Euler system of compressible fluids. Explicit formulas for the coupling terms are obtained in two typical situations: for elastic hard spheres on one hand, and for collisions corresponding to the inelastic interaction with a macroscopic dust speck on the other hand.

关键词： Vlasov-Euler system Boltzmann equation Hydrodynamic limit Aerosols Sprays Gas mixture

SEPARATION OF SCALES IN ELASTICITY IMAGING:A NUMERICAL STUDY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第3期28卷 354-370页

作者： Habib Ammari Pierre Garapon franois Jouve Institut Langevin Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique Laboratoire J.L.Lions Universite Paris Ⅶ Laboratoire J.L.Lions Université Paris Ⅶ

In magnetic resonance elastography, one seeks to reconstruct the shear modulus from measurements of the displacement field in the whole body. In this paper, we present an optimization approach which solves the problem by simply minimizing a discrepancy functional. In order to recover a complex anomaly in a homogenous medium, we first observe that the information contained in the wavefield should be decomposed into two parts, a ＂near-field＂ part in the region around the anomaly and a ＂far-field＂ part in the region away from the anomaly. As will be justified both theoretically and numerically, separating these scales provides a local and precise reconstruction.

关键词： Elastography multi-scale imaging anomaly reconstruction.

Hype and hope of hepatic arterial infusion for colorectal cancer

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第2期10卷 235-237页

作者： françois Ghiringhelli Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231 DijonFrance University of Burgundy franche-Comté DijonFrance Department of Medical Oncology Centre Georges-François LeclercDijonFrance Cancer Biology Transfer Platform Centre Georges-François LeclercDijonFrance Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute DijonFrance

Contrary to most solid metastatic cancers,metastatic colorectal cancer could be cured by surgical removal of the metastasis in the context of lung or liver *** retrospective studies performed 20 years ago showed that surgery alone led to cure of the patient in about 35%of cases(1).To improve patient survival and to increase the cure rate,perioperative intravenous chemotherapy was *** a large EORTC trial among highly selected patients,perioperative FOLFOX regimen improved relapse-free survival with an absolute difference in 3-year PFS of 8.1%(28.1%in the surgery-only group vs.36.2%in the perioperative chemotherapy group)and there was a non-significant increase in overall survival(5-year overall survival was 51.2%in the perioperative chemotherapy group vs.47.8%in the surgery-only group)(2).Despite this somewhat disappointing result,perioperative FOLFOX regimen became the standard of care for the management of resectable colorectal liver metastasis.

关键词： colorectal chemotherapy metastasis

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Integrated Roof for Higher Thermal Performance of Buildings

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 522-536页

作者： SIMON françois RUIZ-VALERO Letzai GIRARD Aymeric GALLEGUILLOS Hector Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable(CEDEUS) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile7500000SantiagoChile Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra(PUCMM)10103Santo DomingoDominican Republic LMGC IMT Mines AlesUniv MontpellierCNRS30100AlèsFrance Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Adolfo Ibañez2520000Viña del MarChile Centro de Desarrollo Energético Antofagasta(CDEA) Universidad de Antofagasta1240000AntofagastaChile

Phase change materials(PCMs) designate materials able to store latent *** change state from solid to liquid over a defined temperature *** process is reversible and can be used for thermo-technical *** present paper aims to study the thermal performance of an inorganic eutectic PCM integrated into the rooftop slab of a test room and analyze its potential for building thermal *** experiment is conducted in two test rooms in Antofagasta(Chile) during summer,fall,and *** PCM is integrated into the rooftop of the first test room,while the roof panel of the second room is a sealed air *** work introduces a numerical model,which is built using the finite difference method and used to simulate the rooms' thermal *** thermal simulations of the PCM room are performed for other Chilean locations to evaluate and compare the capability of the PCM panel to store latent heat thermal energy in different *** show that the indoor temperature of the PCM room in Antofagasta varies only 21.1℃±10.6℃,while the one of the air-panel room varies 28.3℃±18.5℃.Under the experiment's conditions,the PCM room's indoor temperature observes smoother diurnal fluctuations,with lower maximum and higher minimum indoor temperatures than that of the air-panel *** simulations in other cities show that the PCM panel has a better thermal performance during winter,as it helps to maintain or increase the room temperature by some degrees to reach comfort *** demonstrates that the implementation of such PCM in the building envelope can effectively reduce space heating and cooling needs,and improve indoor thermal comfort in different climates of Chile.

关键词： phase change material thermal energy storage building space heating and cooling energy efficiency designbuilder

COVID-19 and flu:conserved or specific immune signature?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 245-246页

作者： Christophe Paget françois Trottein Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires INSERM U1100Universitéde ToursFacultéde Médecine de Tours37000ToursFrance Centre d’Infection et d’Immunitéde Lille INSERM U1019CNRS UMR 9017Universitéde LilleCHU LilleUMS 2014-PLBSU1019Institut Pasteur de Lille59000LilleFrance

Respiratory viruses are a major cause of infectious disease and mortality *** respiratory viruses,emerging and well-known coronaviruses and influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics and rank as very important *** clinical signs of viral respiratory infections range from asymptomatic forms to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS,associated with a high mortality rate).Another reported cause of mortality is multiple organ *** ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2))is a serious public health ***-CoV-2 infection induces to a clinical signature distinct from that associated with other types of pneumonia,and SARS-CoV-2 differs from influenza viruses with regard to target cells and replicative *** morbidity and mortality rates are higher for COVID-19 than for seasonal influenza.

关键词： mortality acute respiratory

Deep excavation of the impact from endogenous and exogenous uncertaintieson long-term energy planning

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Energy and AI 2023年第1期11卷 150-160页

作者： Xiang Li françois Maréchal Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneRue de l’industrie 17Sion1950Switzerland

Endogenous and exogenous uncertainties exert significant influences on energy planning. In this study,we propose a systematic methodology to excavate the uncertainty space, by combining mix-integer linearprogramming (MILP), Monte Carlo simulation, and machine learning for quantification of the uncertaintyimpacts on a national-level energy system from global and local perspectives. This approach allows in-depthcorrelation analysis highlighting potential synergies and risks in the energy transition, and can be easily applie for assisting policy making. The case study for Switzerland shows that both carbon neutrality (even negativeemissions) and energy autonomy can be achieved by 2050, but the energy system’s configuration variessignificantly under uncertainty. Through conditional distribution analyses, carbon capture and storage (CCS),Photovoltaic (PV), and wood gasification show the most strong correlation for decarbonization. This study isbased on the whole uncertainty space taking into account heterogeneous uncertainties, leading to increasedreliability compared to sensitivity analysis from single scenarios’ comparisons. The synergy between energymodels and artificial intelligence (AI) is promising to be widely applied in energy planning area, particularlyfor emerging technologies with large uncertainty in development.

关键词： Uncertainty Energy planning Monte Carlo simulation Machine learning

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha involvement in liver and intestinal inflammatory networks

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第1期20卷 22-30页

作者： Jean-Philippe Babeu franois Boudreau Département d’ Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrooke J1E 4K8QuébecCanada

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4-α) is a nuclear receptor regulating metabolism, cell junctions, differentiation and proliferation in liver and intestinal epithelial cells. Mutations within the HNF4A gene are associated with human diseases such as maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Recently, HNF4A has also been described as a susceptibility gene for ulcerative colitis in genome-wide association studies. In addition, specific HNF4A genetic variants have been identified in pediatric cohorts of Crohn’s disease. Results obtained from knockout mice supported that HNF4-α can protect the intestinal mucosae against inflammation. However, the exact molecular links behind HNF4-α and inflammatory bowel diseases remains elusive. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the role of HNF4-α and its isoforms in inflammation. Specific nature of HNF4-α P1 and P2 classes of isoforms will be summarized. HNF4-α role as a hepatocyte mediator for cytokines relays during liver inflammation will be integrated based on documented examples of the literature. Conclusions that can be made from these earlier liver studies will serve as a basis to extrapolate correlations and divergences applicable to intestinal inflammation. Finally, potential functional roles for HNF4-α isoforms in protecting the intestinal mucosae from chronic and pathological inflammation will be presented.

关键词： Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha Inflammatory bowel diseases Colitis-associated cancer Gastrointestinal tract Intestinal epithelium barrier Inflammation

Assessment of a Multimodal Strategy for Information and Collection of Advance Directives in a Comprehensive Cancer Center:Description of the Study Protocol

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Psycho-Oncologie 2024年第4期18卷 367-375页

作者： Léonor Fasse françois Blot Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé(UR 4057) Institut de PsychologieUniversitéParis CitéBoulogne92100France Département Interdisciplinaire d’Organisation du Parcours Patient Institut Gustave RoussyUniversitéParis SaclayVillejuif94805France

Background:Information on the possibility of drawing up Advance Directives(AD)is a necessity,and represents a major medical,ethical,and legal *** difficulties are numerous,both organizational and cultural,and this is also true in the context of oncology,where ADs(and more broadly,advanced palliative care)are of critical *** an eminently sensitive subject,dealing with ADs(and therefore with end-of-life issues)requires both societal and medical/health-care *** institutional approach has therefore been developed,to deploy information tools,training professionals,and formalize the collection of *** an approach cannot be implemented without an assessment not only of its objective results but also above all of its psychological effects,on both users(patients,family caregivers)and ***:This longitudinal study,based on a mixed-method,interdisciplinary approach,will assess the impact of this information dissemination on AD,in terms of both potential positive and negative effects,using validated measurement ***,this study follows the 5 criteria of the RE-AIM model,designed to analyze the interest and impact of a device intended for users of the healthcare system;we will use a mixed methodology,relying on both a quantitative component(counting the number of people benefiting from the scheme,and those requesting support in drawing up their DA...,administering questionnaires),as well as a qualitative component(focus groups)which will enable us to study the subjective experiences of users,their relatives and the professionals involved in the ***:The results of this study will make it possible to determine the effects of this system of assistance in the drafting of ADs,which is currently being promoted by the legislator,but which is struggling to be implemented.

关键词： Advance directive cancer palliative care living wills end of life shared-decision making