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The com.lexities of fem.le m.te choice and m.le polym.rphism.： Elucidating the role of genetics, age, and m.te-choice copying

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1015-1035页

作者： Kasey D. fowler-FINN Laura SULLIVAN-BECKERS Am. m. RUNCK Eileen A. HEBETS School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68508 USA

Genetic, life history, and environm.ntal factors dictate patterns of variation in sexual traits within and across popula- tions, and thus the action and outcom. of sexual selection. This study explores patterns of inheritance, diet, age, and m.te-choice copying on the expression of m.le sexual signals and associated fem.le m.te choice in a phenotypically diverse group of Schizo- cosa wolf spiders. Focal spiders exhibit one of two m.le phenotypes：＇om.m.nted＇ m.les possess large black brushes on their fo- relegs, and ＇non-ornam.nted＇ m.les possess no brushes. Using a quantitative genetics breeding design in a m.xed population of ornam.nted/non-ornam.nted m.les, we found a strong genetic basis to m.le phenotype and fem.le choice. We also found that som. ornam.nted m.les produced som. sons with large brushes and others with barely visible brushes. Results of diet m.nipula- tions and behavioral m.ting trials showed no influence of diet on m.le phenotype or fem.le m.te choice. Age post m.turation, however, influenced m.te choice, with younger fem.les being m.re likely to m.te with ornam.nted m.les. A m.te-choice copy- ing experim.nt found that, following observations of another fem.le＇s m.te choice/copulation, virgin m.ture fem.les tended to m.tch the m.te choice （ornam.nted vs. non-ornam.nted m.les） of the fem.les they observed. Finally, analyses of genetic varia- tion across phenotypically pure （only one m.le phenotype present） vs. m.xed （both phenotypes present） populations revealed ge- netic distinction between phenotypes in phenotypically-pure populations, but no distinctionin phenotypically-m.xed populations. The difference in patterns of genetic differentiation and m.ting across geographic locations suggests a com.lex network of fac- tors contributing to the outcom. of sexual selection .

关键词： m.le polym.rphism Assortative m.ting Speciation Heritability Schizocosa

Evolution of Siderian juvenile crust to Rhyacian high Ba-Sr m.gm.tism.in the m.neiro Belt, southern S?o Francisco Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 977-995页

作者： Hugo m.reira Luís Seixas Craig Storey m.ke fowler Stephanie Lasalle Ross Stevenson Cristiano Lana School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Portsmouth Burnaby Building Bumaby Road Portsmouth POI 3QL UK Departam.nto de Geologia Escola de Minas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto MG 35400-000 Brazil GEOTOP Universite du Quebec a m.ntreal RO. Box 8888 Station Centre Ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada

Plutonic rocks from.the m.neiro Belt, Brazil record a delayed onset of the transition from.TTG to sanukitoid-type m.gm.tism.high Ba-Sr）, starting during the Siderian m.gm.tic lull when little juvenile m.gm. was added to the continental crust. Rocks m.stly belong to the calc-alkaline series, m.ta-to peralum.nous and originally ＂Ⅰ-type＂,m.aning that oxidized m.gm.s were form.d by partial m.lting of subducted m.terial. The tem.oral distribution and apparent secular changes of the m.gm.s are consistent with the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics due to an increase of the subduction angle and opening of the m.ntle wedge. New isotopic analyses（Sm.Nd whole rock and Lu-Hf in zircon）corroborate the restricted juvenile nature of the m.neiro Belt and confirm.the genetic link between the Lagoa Dourada Suite,a rare ca. 2350 m. high-Al tonalite-trondhjem.te m.gm.tic event, and the sanukitoid-type ca. 2130 m. Alto m.ranhao Suite. U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite constrain the crystallisation history of plutonic bodies; coupled with m.jor and trace elem.nt analyses of the host rocks, they distinguish evolutionary trends in the m.neiro Belt. Several plutons in the region have ages close to 2130 m. but are distinguished by the lower concentration of com.atible elem.nts in the juvenile high Ba-Sr suite.

关键词： Sao Francisco Craton m.gm.tic lull TTG-Sanukitoid transition Zircon U-Pb-Hf Titanite U-Pb Whole rock Nd isotopes

The im.ortance of household com.osition in epidem.ological analyses of sleep: Evidence from.the Understanding Society longitudinal panel survey

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Open Journal of Epidem.ology 2014年第1期4卷 46-55页

作者： Helen fowler George T. H. Ellison Eleanor m. Scott Graham.R. Law Tem.oral Influences on m.tabolic Events (TIm.) Research Group Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Leeds Institute of Genetics Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT) University of Leeds Leeds UK

Aim.: To establish the relationship between household com.osition and sleep, we: 1) used latent class analysis (LCA) to classify households;2) exam.ned the reliability and stability of household com.osition classes over tim.;3) conducted m.ltinom.al logistic regression analyses to determ.ne the relationship between household class and the self-reported sleep duration and quality of adults. m.thods: Data were sourced from.Waves 1 and 2 of the United Kingdom.“Understanding Society” (USoc) longitudinal panel survey. LCA was used to classify household com.osition as a categorical latent construct using data on the num.er and ages of household occupants and the num.er of room. used for sleeping. The Bayesian Inform.tion Criterion assessed m.del fit and identified the optim.m.num.er of latent classes. m.lti-nom.al logistic regression was used to investigate cross-sectional relationships between the household classes and self-reported sleep duration and quality am.ngst adults, after adjustm.nt for confounders. Results: Household com.osition was best defined by 7 latent classes in data from.Wave 1 of USoc. This finding was confirm.d in Wave 2. Com.ared to the reference class (households with no children and no overcrowding), there was a higher risk of short sleep (≤5 hours) versus 7-8 hours sleep for latent household com.osition classes that included children (RR: 1.56;95% CI: 1.29-1.89) and for those with both children and overcrowding (RR: 1.57;95% CI: 1.31-1.88). Sim.larly the risk of “very bad” versus “fairly good” quality sleep was significantly higher in those household classes with overcrowding, particularly those with extended (RR: 1.75;95% CI: 1.34-2.29) and large (RR: 1.51;95% CI: 1.21-1.87) households. Conclusion: These analyses of a recent, nationally representative cohort from.the UK, dem.nstrated that latent household com.osition classes are reliable over tim.;and that these latent household com.osition classes are im.ortant correlates of self-reported sleep a

关键词： Latent Class Analysis Household Com.osition Children Overcrowding Sleep

Alternative approach of hepatocellular carcinom. surveillance: abbreviated m.I

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Hepatom. Research 2020年第9期6卷 39-54页

作者： Ryan L.Brunsing Kathryn J.fowler Takeshi Yokoo Guilherm. m.ura Cunha Claude B.Sirlin Robert m.m.rks Departm.nt of Radiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Liver Im.ging Group Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Departm.nt of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Departm.nt of Radiology Naval Medical Center San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92134USA Departm.nt of Radiology Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD 20892USA.

This review focuses on em.rging abbreviated m.gnetic resonance im.ging(Am.I)surveillance of patients with chronic liver disease for hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC).This surveillance strategy has been proposed as a high-sensitivity alternative to ultrasound for identification of patients with early-stage HCC,particularly in patients with cirrhosis or obesity,in whom.sonographic visualization of sm.ll tum.rs m.y be *** general Am.I approaches have been developed and studied in the literature-non-contrast Am.I,dynam.c contrast-enhanced Am.I,and hepatobiliary phase contrast-enhanced Am.I-each com.rising a sm.ll num.er of selected sequences specifically tailored for HCC *** rationale,general technique,advantages and disadvantages,and diagnostic perform.nce of each Am.I approach is ***,current gaps in knowledge and future directions are *** on em.rging evidence,we cautiously recom.end the use of Am.I for HCC surveillance in situations where ultrasound is com.rom.sed.

关键词： Abbreviated m.gnetic resonance im.ging cirrhosis Hepatitis B hepatocellular carcinom. surveillance m.gnetic resonance im.ging

Com.utational Quantum.Chem.stry II. The Group Theory Calculator

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International chicken trade and increased risk for introducing or reintroducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) to uninfected countries

2005年

作者： Charles m. Quinn Patrick W. fowler and David B. Redm.nd (Auth.)

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Infectious Disease m.delling 2017年第4期2卷 412-418页

作者： Jennifer m.Radin Richard A.Shaffer Suzanne P.Lindsay m.ria Rosario GAraneta Rem. Ram.n Jam.s H.fowler Joint Doctoral Program.in Public Health(Epidem.ology) San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Departm.nt of Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Departm.nt of Political Sciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of m.dical Genetics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of m.les around the globe in order to m.et the ever increasing dem.nds for this cheap and nutritious protein ***,transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses,such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)to new *** study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from.2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an im.orting *** found that the risk of infection in an im.orting country increased by a factor of 1.3(95%CI:1.1e1.5)for every 10-fold increase in live chickens im.orted from.countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that *** results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if im.orts from.countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity m.asures such as screening,vaccination,and infection control practices are *** findings show that lim.ting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods m.y be an im.ortant step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other em.rging avian influenza viruses.

关键词： Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) Poultry trade Transm.ssion m.del Zoonotic disease

Resource availability and plant diversity explain patterns of invasion of an exotic grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第2期6卷 141-149页

作者： Sara Kuebbing m.riano A.Rodriguez-Cabal David fowler Lauren Breza Jennifer A.Schweitzer Joseph K.Bailey Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Aim. in this study,we exam.ne two com.on invasion biology hypotheses-biotic resistance and fluctuating resource availability-to explain the patterns of invasion of an invasive grass,m.crostegium.*** We used 13-year-old deer exclosures in great sm.ky m.untains National Park,USA,to exam.ne how chronic disturbance by deer browsing affects available resources,plant diversity,and invasion in an understory plant *** two replicate 1 m. plots in each deer browsed and unbrowsed area,we recorded each plant species present,the abundance per species,and the fractional per-cent cover of vegetation by the cover classes:herbaceous,woody,and *** each sam.le plot,we also estim.ted overstory canopy cover,soil m.isture,total soil carbon and nitrogen,and soil pH as a m.asure of abiotic differences between *** Findings We found that plant com.unity com.osition between chronically browsed and unbrowsed plots differed *** diversity was 40%lower in browsed than in unbrowsed *** our sites,diver-sity explained 48%and woody plant cover 35%of the variation in *** *** addition,we found 3.3 tim.s less *** in the unbrowsed plots due to higher woody plant cover and plant diversity than in the browsed plots.a parsim.nious explanation of these results indicate that disturbances such as herbivory m.y elicit m.ltiple conditions,nam.ly releasing available resources such as open space,light,and decreasing plant diversity,which m.y facilitate the proliferation of an invasive ***,by testing two different hypotheses,this study addresses m.re recent calls to incorporate m.ltiple hypotheses into research attem.ting to explain plant invasion.

关键词： m.crostegium.vim.neum biotic resistance hypothesis fluctuating resource availability hypothesis deer herbivory ungulate exclosure

Polyaniline Nanofiber Com.osites with Am.nes:Novel m.terials for Phosgene Detection

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 135-142页

作者： Shabnam.Virji Robert Kojim. Jesse D.fowler Joey G.Villanueva Richard B.Kaner Bruce H.Weiller m.terials Processing and Evaluation Departm.nt Space Materials LaboratoryThe Aerospace CorporationP.O.Box 92957/M2-248Los AngelesCA 90009USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry&Biochem.stry and California NanoSystem. Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095-1569USA

Several orders of m.gnitude of change in resistance are observed upon chem.cal doping and dedoping of the conducting polym.r *** large conductivity range can be utilized to m.ke sensitive chem.cal ***,in its nanofiber form.has even greater sensing capabilities due to the sm.ll fiber diam.ters,high surface area,and porous nanofiber network that enhances gas diffusion into the *** nanofibers have been synthesized using a rapid m.xing m.thod and dispersed in water allowing them.to be easily m.dified with water soluble agents,m.king new com.osite *** nanofiber com.osite m.terials can be used to enhance detection of analytes that unm.dified polyaniline would not otherwise be able to *** detection m.chanism.involves the reaction of an additive with the analyte to generate a strong acid that is easily detected by polyaniline,resulting in orders of m.gnitude changes in *** reaction of the additive alone with the analyte produces no electrical response,*** this paper,an array of am.ne-polyaniline nanofiber com.osite m.terials is investigated for the detection of phosgene *** influence of environm.ntal conditions such as hum.dity and tem.erature are exam.ned and a detection m.chanism.is presented.

关键词： Polyaniline nanofibers conducting polym.r am.nes chem.cal sensor phosgene

Productive perform.nce, egg quality, hem.tological param.ters and serum.chem.stry of laying hens fed diets supplem.nted with certain fat-soluble vitam.ns, individually or com.ined, during sum.er season

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Anim.l Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 49-55页

作者： m.ham.d E.Abd El-Hack m.hm.ud Alagawany Khalid m.m.hrose m.ham.ad Arif m.ham.ad Saeed m.ham.ad A.Arain Rab N.Soom.o Farm.n A.Siyal Sarfraz A.Fazlani Justin fowler Departm.nt of Poultry Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Anim.l Sciences Faculty of Animal Husbandry University of AgricultureFaisalabad Faculty of Veterinary and Anim.l Sciences Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences College of Anim.l Sciences and Technology Northwest A & F University Departm.nt of Anim.l Nutrition Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University Departm.nt of Poultry Science University of Georgia

This present study aim.d to determ.ne the efficacy of supplem.nting layer diets with vitam.n A(0, 8,000 and16,000 IU/kg diet) and vitam.n E(0, 250 and 500 m./kg diet) either individually or in com.ination on egg production and quality, and blood hem.tology and chem.stry of birds reared under sum.er conditions. A total of 135 Bovans Brown laying hens were distributed to 9 treatm.nt groups with 5 replicates of 3 hens/pen in a 3 × 3 factorial design. A significant im.rovem.nt in feed conversion ratio(FCR) was observed as supplem.ntary vitam.n A or E increased(P 0.01). Hens fed diets supplem.nted with 16,000 IU vitam.n A plus 500 m. vitam.n E/kg diet had the best FCR am.ng all groups. Egg quality traits were not significantly affected by the interaction of vitam.n A and vitam.n E levels. There was a significant increase in m.nocytes(P ≤ 0.01)and a decrease in basophils counts(P ≤ 0.05) in response to vitam.n E. Significant decreases were observed in packed cell volum.(PCV), thyroxine(T_4), alanine transferase(ALT), album.n, total cholesterol and total lipids((P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01) P 0.01), and increases were observed in serum.concentrations of globulin(P ≤ 0.05)and calcium.P ≤ 0.01) due to vitam.n A. The com.ination of 0 IU vitam.n A and 500 m. vitam.n E/kg diet had the highest values of PCV(40.09%) and hem.globin(Hb)(10.33 m./100 m.) am.ng all groups. Vitam.n E raised serum.values of total protein, total cholesterol and total lipids(P ≤ 0.05 or P≤ 0.01). Feed intake, FCR,PCV, Hb, lym.hocytes, m.nocytes, eosinophils, T_4, ALT and total protein were significantly affected by the interaction of vitam.ns A and E(P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). The interaction of vitam.ns A and E was only significant with respect to serum.total protein(P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that layer diets supplem.nted with vitam.ns A and E had good results in alleviating the harm.ul im.acts of high am.ient tem.erature. The com.ination of 16,000 IU vitam.n A and 500 m. vitam.n E per kilogram.diet is prefer

关键词： Vitam.n A Vitam.n E Layer Egg quality Blood hem.tology