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Immunotoxic effects of an industrial waste incineration site on groundwater in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第5期26卷 981-990页

作者： Nadjet Benchalgo Franois Gagn michel fournier INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminant Research Division

The discharge of organic waste from the petrochemical industry into the Mercier lagoons caused major groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic potential of three groundwater wells at increasing distance from the incinerator dumping site （1.17, 2.74 and 5.40 km）. Rainbow Trout were exposed to increasing concentrations of water from three groundwater wells for 14 days. Immunocompetence was characterized by phagocytosis, mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis. A significant increase in innate （phagocytosis） and specific immune response （B lymphocyte proliferation） was observed in trout exposed to water collected from the well at 2.74 km. However, phagocytosis activity was suppressed in groups at 1.17 and 5.40 km. The proportion of lymphocytes in S phase was significantly increased in groups at 2.74 and 5.40 kin, while lymphocytes in G0/G1 phase were decreased in all three exposure groups. Additionally, dexamethasone （DEX）-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the group at 2.74 km, which suggests decreased lymphocyte turnover. Furthermore, the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis was lower in the groups at 2.74 and 5.40 km. In summary, our experiments have shown that exposure to the mixture of organic compounds present in Mercier groundwater modulates phagocytosis and cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle and reduces the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis. It is concluded that groundwater collected in the vicinity of an incinerator containment field could impact immunocompetence in fish.

关键词： groundwater phagocytosis lymphocyte proliferation cell cycle apoptosis rainbow trout

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Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 91-99页

作者： Gagne Francois Douville Melanie Fortier Marlene fournier michel Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as *** the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence（phagocytosis and nitrite production）, oxidative stress/inflammation（cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation） and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity（metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase）. The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that（1）the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations（〉10%, V/V） were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,（2）the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and（3） the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of *** could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.

关键词： Elliptio complanata Immunocompetence Oxidative stress Inflammation Vibrio anguillarum

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Immunotoxic potential of aeration lagoon effluents for the treatment of domestic and hospital wastewaters in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 781-789页

作者： Francois Gagné Chantale André Marlène Fortier michel fournier Fluvial Ecosystem Research Environment Canada Montréal Quebec H2Y 2E7 Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Laval Québec Canada

Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and placed in the final aeration lagoon and at sites 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the effluent outfall in the receiving river for a period of 14 days. The results showed that the final aeration lagoon contained high levels of total coliforms, conductivity and low dissolved oxygen （2.9 mg/L） as well as detectable amounts of trimethoprim, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and norfloxacin at concentrations exceeding 50 ng/L. The lagoon effluent was indeed toxic to the mussel specimens, as evidenced by the appearance of mortality after 14 days （10% mortality）, decreased mussel weight-to-shell-length ratio and loss of hemocyte viability. The number of adhering hemocytes, phagocytic activity, total nitrite levels and arachidonic cyclooxygenase activity were significantly higher in mussels placed in the final aeration lagoon. A multivariate analysis also revealed that water pH, conductivity, total coliforms and dissolved oxygen were the endpoints most closely linked with phagocytic activity, the amount of adhering hemocytes and loss of hemocyte viability. In conclusion, exposure of mussels to treated aerated lagoon wastewater is deleterious to freshwater mussels where the immune system is compromised.

关键词： mussels municipal wastewaters immunocompetence inflammation cyclooxygenase activity

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In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1400-1407页

作者： Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier michel fournier Shirley-Anne Smyth Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada105 McGill Street Montral Qubec Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier 531 boul.des Prairies Laval Qubec Canada Effluents and Wastewaters Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada867 Lakeshore Road BurlingtonOntario Canada

Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase （C18） extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°C. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one （immunoactivity） and at least three （immunoefficiency） fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents＇ immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment.

关键词： municipal effluents fish leucocytes viability phagocytosis

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正己烷在Pt-Ce促进的氧化硅担载的杂多酸金属氧酸盐上的异构化

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催化学报 2007年第12期28卷 1041-1046页

作者： Abdelaziz GHERIB Ahmed AOUISSI Alain RIVES michel fournier Robert HUBAUT 艾格瓦特大学过程特征实验室里尔科技大学催化实验室

制备了用于正己烷临氢异构化的氧化硅担载的Keggin型杂多酸和还原态Pt-Ce氧化物催化剂.这些混合氧化物催化剂或单独使用,或与氧化硅担载的杂多酸催化剂一起使用.用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、热重和N2物理吸... 详细信息

制备了用于正己烷临氢异构化的氧化硅担载的Keggin型杂多酸和还原态Pt-Ce氧化物催化剂.这些混合氧化物催化剂或单独使用,或与氧化硅担载的杂多酸催化剂一起使用.用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、热重和N2物理吸附等方法表征在氧化、还原态和催化实验后的催化剂状态.本文的目的是在最佳反应条件(反应温度、还原温度和流量等)下,筛选出具有最好异构化收率的催化剂.结果表明,还原氧化物的存在不但有利于消除积炭,而且在反应期间能有效地维持氧化硅担载杂多酸的结构.从这些催化剂样品中,可以找到具有更好异构化活性和选择性的催化剂.

关键词：杂多酸正己烷异构化铂铈

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Multi-scale persistent spatiotemporal transformer for long-term urban traffic flow prediction

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 53-69页

作者： Jia-Jun Zhong Yong Ma Xin-Zheng Niu Philippe fournier-Viger Bing Wang Zu-kuan Wei School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China College of Computer Science&Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China School of Computer Science Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Long-term urban traffic flow prediction is an important task in the field of intelligent transportation,as it can help optimize traffic management and improve travel *** improve prediction accuracy,a crucial issue is how to model spatiotemporal dependency in urban traffic *** recent years,many studies have adopted spatiotemporal neural networks to extract key information from traffic ***,most models ignore the semantic spatial similarity between long-distance areas when mining spatial *** also ignore the impact of predicted time steps on the next unpredicted time step for making long-term ***,these models lack a comprehensive data embedding process to represent complex spatiotemporal *** paper proposes a multi-scale persistent spatiotemporal transformer(MSPSTT)model to perform accurate long-term traffic flow prediction in *** adopts an encoder-decoder structure and incorporates temporal,periodic,and spatial features to fully embed urban traffic data to address these *** model consists of a spatiotemporal encoder and a spatiotemporal decoder,which rely on temporal,geospatial,and semantic space multi-head attention modules to dynamically extract temporal,geospatial,and semantic *** spatiotemporal decoder combines the context information provided by the encoder,integrates the predicted time step information,and is iteratively updated to learn the correlation between different time steps in the broader time range to improve the model’s accuracy for long-term *** on four public transportation datasets demonstrate that MSPSTT outperforms the existing models by up to 9.5%on three common metrics.

关键词： Graph neural network Multi-head attention mechanism Spatio-temporal dependency Traffic flow prediction

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一种用于不平衡学习分类的新型交叠最小化SMOTE算法（英文）

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第9期25卷 1266-1282页

作者：何玉林路璇 Philippe fournier-VIGER 黄哲学人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳) 深圳大学计算机与软件学院

合成少数类过采样技术（SMOTE）是不平衡学习领域的经典算法之一，用于减轻类别不平衡对构建分类器的影响。在过去20年中，有上百个基于SMOTE的变体算法被提出。SMOTE及其变体算法通过在原始样本空间中对少数类样本进行插补来平衡数据... 详细信息

合成少数类过采样技术（SMOTE）是不平衡学习领域的经典算法之一，用于减轻类别不平衡对构建分类器的影响。在过去20年中，有上百个基于SMOTE的变体算法被提出。SMOTE及其变体算法通过在原始样本空间中对少数类样本进行插补来平衡数据集，以减轻类别不平衡的不利影响。这种方法在许多情况下表现良好，但当合成样本落入类别之间的交叠区域时，分类器训练的复杂性会增加，进而影响分类器的泛化能力。为解决这一问题，本文提出一种基于交叠最小化的少数类样本生成算法（Overlapping Minimization SMOTE,OM-SMOTE），用于解决二元不平衡分类问题。OMSMOTE首先通过平衡样本编码和分类器泛化之间的权衡，将原始样本点映射到更加线性可分的样本空间。然后，OM-SMOTE采用一系列复杂的少数类样本点插补规则，使合成样本尽可能远离类别交叠的区域。本文基于32个真实不平衡数据集进行了大量实验，验证了OM-SMOTE算法的有效性。实验结果表明，相对于其他11种先进的基于SMOTE的过采样算法，OM-SMOTE生成的少数类样本点能显著提高朴素贝叶斯、支持向量机、决策树和逻辑回归等分类器的性能。这证明了OM-SMOTE支持训练高质量不平衡分类器的可行性。OM-SMOTE的实现在Git Hub平台上（https://***/luxuan123123/OM-SMOTE/）公开共享。

关键词：不平衡分类合成少数类过采样技术多数类样本少数类样本泛化能力交叠最小化

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基于分类风险的半监督集成学习算法

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模式识别与人工智能 2024年第4期37卷 339-351页

作者：何玉林朱鹏辉黄哲学 PHILIPPE fournier-Viger 人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳) 深圳518107 深圳大学计算机与软件学院深圳518060

针对当前半监督集成学习算法对无标记样本预测时容易出现的标注混沌问题,文中提出基于分类风险的半监督集成学习算法(Classification Risk-Based Semi-supervised Ensemble Learning Algorithm,CR-SSEL).采用分类风险作为无标记样本置... 详细信息

针对当前半监督集成学习算法对无标记样本预测时容易出现的标注混沌问题,文中提出基于分类风险的半监督集成学习算法(Classification Risk-Based Semi-supervised Ensemble Learning Algorithm,CR-SSEL).采用分类风险作为无标记样本置信度的评判标准,可有效衡量样本标注的不确定性程度.迭代地训练分类器,对高置信度样本进行再强化,使样本标注的不确定性逐渐降低,增强半监督集成学习算法的分类性能.在多个标准数据集上验证CR-SSEL的学习参数影响、训练过程收敛和泛化性能提升,实验表明随着基分类器个数的增加,CR-SSEL的训练过程呈收敛趋势,获得较优的分类精度.

关键词：半监督集成学习集成学习半监督学习分类风险不确定性置信度

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基于优先填补策略的Spark数据均衡分区方法

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电子学报 2024年

作者：何玉林吴东彤 Philippe fournier-Viger 黄哲学人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳) 深圳大学计算机与软件学院

Spark作为基于内存计算的分布式大数据处理框架，运行速度快且通用性强.在任务计算过程中，Spark的默认分区器HashPartitioner在处理倾斜数据时，容易产生各个分区数据量不平衡的情况，导致资源利用率低且运行效率差.现存的Spark均衡分... 详细信息

Spark作为基于内存计算的分布式大数据处理框架，运行速度快且通用性强.在任务计算过程中，Spark的默认分区器HashPartitioner在处理倾斜数据时，容易产生各个分区数据量不平衡的情况，导致资源利用率低且运行效率差.现存的Spark均衡分区改进方法，例如多阶段分区、迁移分区和采样分区等，大多存在尺度把控难、通信开销成本高、对采样过度依赖等缺陷.为改善上述问题，本文提出了一种基于优先填补策略的分区方法，同时考虑了样本数据和非样本数据的分配，以便实现对全部数据的均衡分区.该方法在对数据采样并根据样本信息估算出每个键的权值后，将键按照权值大小降序排列，依次将键在满足分区容忍度的条件下分配到前面的分区中，为未被采样的键预留后面的分区空间，以获得针对样本数据的分区方案. Spark根据分区方案对样本中出现的键对应的数据进行分区，没有出现的键对应的数据则直接映射到可分配的最后一个分区中.实验结果表明，新分区方法能够有效实现Spark数据的均衡分区，在美国运输统计局发布的真实航空数据集上，基于该方法设计的优先填补分区器的总运行时间比HashPartitioner平均缩短了15.3%，比现有的均衡数据分区器和哈希键值重分配分区器分别平均缩短了38.7%和30.2%.

关键词：均衡分区优先填补策略数据倾斜 Spark算子大数据

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Efficacy and tolerability of chitin-glucan combined with simethicone(GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT)in irritable bowel syndrome:A prospective,open-label,multicenter study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第3期15卷 10-22页

作者： Nathalie Talbodec Pauline Le Roy Peggy fournier Benoit Lesage Elodie Lepoutre François Castex Jean michel Godchaux Lionel Vandeville Benjamin Bismuth Xavier Lesage Pauline Bayart Michael Genin Christel Rousseaux Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux Caroline Valibouze Department of Gastroenterology Hôpital privéLe BoisLille 59000France Department of Gastroenterology Hôpital privéde Villeneuve d’AscqVilleneuve d’Ascq 59650France Univ.Lille CHU LilleULR 2694–METRICSÉvaluation des Technologies de Santéet des Pratiques MédicalesLille 59000France Development of Intestinal Biotech 1 Avenue Oscar LambretLille 59045France KitoZyme SA Parc Industriel des hauts Sarts Zone 2Rue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium BiOkuris A Parc Industriel des hauts Sarts Zone 2Rue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Lille University HospitalLille 59000France U1286-INFINITE Institute for Translational Research in InflammationUniv.LilleInsermCHU LilleLille 59000France Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),defined according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria,is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to altered bowel ***-line recommended treatments are limited to combining drugs targeting predominant symptoms,particularly pain(antispasmodics),constipation(laxatives),and diarrhea(loperamide),yielding only a limited therapeutic ***^(■)DIRECT is a class IIa medical formulation composed of a combination of chitin-glucan and simethicone indicated for the symptomatic treatment of gas-related gastrointestinal disorders by combining different mechanisms of *** To evaluate the efficacy,tolerability,and safety of 4-week GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT treatment in patients with *** In this prospective,multicenter,open-label trial,120 patients with IBS received three sticks of GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT(1.5 g/d of chitin-glucan and 0.75 mg/d of simethicone)per day for 4 *** primary endpoint was the responder rate,defined as the number of patients whose abdominal pain score decreased by≥30%from baseline to week(W)*** analysis was performed using the per-protocol *** symptoms,impact of global symptoms on daily life,change in stool consistency,and improvement in defecatory disorders were *** Overall,100 patients were *** W4,67%(95%CI:57-75)showed improvement in abdominal pain(score:5.8±2.4 vs 2.9±2.0,P<0.0001).Similar improvements were observed for bloating[8.0±1.7 vs 4.7±2.9,P<0.0001;60%(95%CI:50-70)responders],abdominal distension[7.2±2.1 vs 4.4±3.1,P<0.0001;53%(95%CI:43-63)responders],and impact of global symptoms on daily life[7.1±2.0 vs 4.6±2.9,P<0.0001;54%(95%CI:44-64)responders].Stool consistency improved in most patients(90%and 57%for patients with liquid and hard stools,respectively).Overall,42%of patients with defecatory disorders reported very much/considerable improvements by *** severe adverse event occurred,and tolerabil

关键词： Chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Flatulence Defecatory disorders Stool consistency Natural non-pharmacological treatment

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