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Evaluation of Clinician Training in Autism Screening, Care Management, and Patient Education

open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 488-513页

作者： Belinda o’Hagan Julie White Ilana Hardesty Rachel Amgott Candice Bangham Xinyang Liu Alyson Codner Amy Ursitti Alana Chandler Sarah foster Marilyn Augustyn Jacey Greece Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Boston Medical Center Boston United States of America Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston United States of America Department of Community Health Sciences Boston University School of Public Health Boston United States of America

objective: The demand for pediatric developmental evaluations has far exceeded the workforce available to perform them, which creates long significant wait times for services. A year-long clinician training using the Extension for Community Healthcare outcomes (ECHo®) model with monthly meetings was conducted and evaluated for its impact on primary care clinicians’ self-reported self-efficacy, ability to administer autism screening and counsel families, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Methods: Participants represented six community health centers and a hospital-based practice. Data collection was informed by participant feedback and the Normalization Process Theory via online surveys and focus groups/interviews. Twelve virtual monthly trainings were delivered between November 2020 and october 2021. Results: 30 clinicians participated in data collection. Matched analyses (n = 9) indicated statistically significant increase in self-rated ability to counsel families about autism (Pre-test Mean = 3.00, Post-test Mean = 3.89, p = 0.0313), manage autistic patients’ care (Pre-test Mean = 2.56, Post-test Mean = 4.11, p = 0.0078), empathy toward patients (Pre-test Mean = 2.11, Post-test Mean = 1.22, p = 0.0156) and colleagues (Pre-test Mean = 2.33, Post-test Mean = 1.22, respectively, p = 0.0391). Unmatched analysis revealed increases in participants confident about educating patients about autism (70.59%, post-test n = 12 vs. 3.33%, pre-test n = 1, p = 0.0019). Focus groups found increased confidence in using the term “autism”. Conclusion: Participants reported increases in ability and confidence to care for autistic patients, as well as empathy toward patients and colleagues. Future research should explore long-term outcomes in participants’ knowledge retention, confidence in practice, and improvements to autism evaluations and care.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Program Evaluation Case-Based Training Provider Burnout Continuing Medical Education

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乙肝病毒在西非的传播:热带性溃疡的作用

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广东卫生防疫资料 1985年第3期 55-56页

作者： foster o 任永礼惠阳地区卫生防疫站

在西方国家,虽然已经公认接种血液制品和性行为是乙型肝炎传播的途径,但是,在地方性高流行区,本病传播的特征尚未明了。塞内加尔和赞比亚的研究表明,HBsAg血症的发生率在4～8岁儿童中形成一个高峰,这个年龄中热带性溃疡和其他渗出性损... 详细信息

在西方国家,虽然已经公认接种血液制品和性行为是乙型肝炎传播的途径,但是,在地方性高流行区,本病传播的特征尚未明了。塞内加尔和赞比亚的研究表明,HBsAg血症的发生率在4～8岁儿童中形成一个高峰,这个年龄中热带性溃疡和其他渗出性损害很普遍。

关键词：乙肝病毒热带性血清溃疡病理 HBsAg

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Historical trends of degradation,loss,and recovery in the tropical forest reserves of Ghana

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 30-51页

作者： Michael C.Wimberly Francis K.Dwomoh Izaya Numata foster Mensah Jacob Amoako Dawn M.Nekorchuk Andrea McMahon Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services University of GhanaAccraGhana The Forestry Commission of Ghana AccraGhana

The Upper Guinean Forest region of West Africa,a globally significant biodiversity hotspot,is among the driest and most human-impacted tropical ecosystems.We used Landsat to study forest degradation,loss,and recovery in the forest reserves of Ghana from 2003 to 2019.Annual canopy cover maps were generated using random forests and results were temporally segmented using the LandTrendr algorithm.Canopy cover was predicted with a predicted-observed r2 of 0.76,mean absolute error of 12.8%,and mean error of 1.3%.Forest degradation,loss,and recovery were identified as transitions between closed(>60%cover),open(15–60%cover)and low tree cover(over)classes.Change was relatively slow from 2003 to 2015,but there was more disturbance than recovery resulting in a gradual decline in closed canopy forests.In 2016,widespread fires associated with El Niño drought caused forest loss and degradation across more than 12%of the moist semi-deciduous and upland evergreen forest types.The workflow was implemented in Google Earth Engine,allowing stakeholders to visualize the results and download summaries.Information about historical disturbances will help to prioritize locations for future studies and target forest protection and restoration activities aimed at increasing resilience.

关键词： Landsat random forests machine learning time series LandTrendr drought wildfire

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Machine learning hydrogen adsorption on nanoclusters through structural descriptors

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 346-353页

作者： Marc o.J.Jäger Eiaki V.Morooka Filippo Federici Canova Lauri Himanen Adam S.foster Department of Applied Physics Aalto UniversityP.O.Box 1110000076 AaltoEspooFinland Nanolayers Research Computing Ltd 15 Southgrove RoadSheffield S102NPUK WPI Nano Life Science Institute(WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Graduate School Materials Science Staudinger Weg 9Mainz 55128Germany

Catalytic activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction on nanoclusters depends on diverse adsorption site structures.Machine learning reduces the cost for modelling those sites with the aid of descriptors.We analysed the performance of state-of-the-art structural descriptors Smooth overlap of Atomic Positions,Many-Body Tensor Representation and Atom-Centered Symmetry Functions while predicting the hydrogen adsorption(free)energy on the surface of nanoclusters.The 2D-material molybdenum disulphide and the alloy copper–gold functioned as test systems.Potential energy scans of hydrogen on the cluster surfaces were conducted to compare the accuracy of the descriptors in kernel ridge regression.By having recourse to data sets of 91 molybdenum disulphide clusters and 24 copper–gold clusters,we found that the mean absolute error could be reduced by machine learning on different clusters simultaneously rather than separately.The adsorption energy was explained by the local descriptor Smooth overlap of Atomic Positions,combining it with the global descriptor Many-Body Tensor Representation did not improve the overall accuracy.We concluded that fitting of potential energy surfaces could be reduced significantly by merging data from different nanoclusters.

关键词： adsorption clusters molybdenum

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Materials structure genealogy and high-throughput topological classification of surfaces and 2D materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 222-231页

作者： Lauri Himanen Patrick Rinke Adam Stuart foster Department of Applied Physics Aalto UniversityP.O.Box 1110000076 AaltoEspooFinland Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudinger Weg 9Mainz 55128Germany WPI Nano Life Science Institute(WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Automated and verifiable structural classification for atomistic structures is becoming necessary to cope with the vast amount of information stored in various computational materials databases.Here we present a general recursive scheme for the structural classification of atomistic systems and introduce a structural materials map that can be used to organize the materials structure genealogy.We also introduce our implementation for the automatic classification of two-dimensional structures,especially focusing on surfaces and 2D materials.This classification procedure can automatically determine the dimensionality of a structure,further categorize the structure as a surface or a 2D material,return the underlying unit cell and also identify the outlier atoms,such as adsorbates.The classification scheme does not require explicit search patterns and works even in the presence of defects and dislocations.The classification is tested on a wide variety of atomistic structures and provides a high-accuracy determination for all of the returned structural properties.A software implementation of the classification algorithm is freely available with an opensource license.

关键词： structure return becoming

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Ionospheric longitudinal variations at midlatitudes: Incoherent scatter radar observation at Millstone Hill

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第5期55卷 1153-1160页

作者： CoSTER Anthea HoLT John foster John ERICKSoN Phil MIT Haystack observatory Off Route 40 Westford MA 01866 USA

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) extra-wide coverage experiments during the period of 1978-2011 at Millstone Hill are used to investigate longitudinal differences in electron density. This work is motivated by a recent finding of the US east-west coast difference in TEC suggesting a combined effect of changing geomagnetic declination and zonal winds. The current study provides strong supporting evidence of the longitudinal change and the plausible mechanism by examining the climatology of electron density Ne on both east and west sides of the radar with a longitude separation of up to 40o for different heights within 300-450 km. Main findings include: 1) The east-west difference can be up to 60% and varies over the course of the day, being positive (East side Ne > West side Ne) in the late evening, and negative (West side Ne > East side Ne) in the pre-noon. 2) The east-west difference exists throughout the year. The positive (relative) difference is most pronounced in winter; the negative (relative) difference is most pronounced in early spring and later summer. 3) The east-west difference tends to enhance toward decreasing solar activity, however, with some seasonal dependence; the enhancements in the positive and negative differences do not take place simultaneously. 4) Both times of largest positive and largest negative east-west differences in Ne are earlier in summer and later in winter. The two times differ by 12-13 h, which remains constant throughout the year. 5) Variations at different heights from 300-450 km are similar. Zonal wind climatology above Millstone Hill is found to be perfectly consistent with what is expected based on the electron density difference between the east and west sides of the site. The magnetic declination-zonal wind mechanism is true for other longitude sectors as well, and may be used to understand longitudinal variations elsewhere. It may also be used to derive thermospheric zonal winds.

关键词：非相干散射雷达观测中纬度地区石山电离层电子密度一年四季纬向风

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Comparison of Leptosphaeria biglobosa-induced and chemically induced systemic resistance to L.maculans in Brassica napus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第8期52卷 1053-1062页

作者： LIU ShengYi LIU RenHu Akinwunmi o. LATUNDE-DADA Hans J. CooLS Simon J. foster HUANG YongJu Bruce D. L. FITT Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Key Lab of Genetic Improvement of oil Crops Chinese Ministry0f Agriculture CAAS Oil Crops Research Institute Wuhan 430062 China Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China

Brassica napus(cv.Madrigal)seedlings pre-treated with ascospores of Leptosphaeria biglobosa or foliar sprays of either acibenzolar-S-methyl(ASM)or menadione sodium bisulphite(MSB)were chal- lenge inoculated with L.maculans ascospores and assessed for phoma leaf spot development and tissue morphology and gene expression responses to infection.Rates of increase in phoma leaf spot area 8―21 d after challenge inoculation were significantly greater on water pre-treated plants than on plants pre-treated with L.biglobosa,ASM or MSB on both pre-treated leaves(local effect)and younger leaves without pre-treatment(systemic effect).Ninety-six h after challenge inoculation,the invasive hyphae of L.maculans were encircled by rings of necrotic mesophyll cells on leaves pre-treated with L. biglobosa,ASM or MSB but not those pre-treated with water.Quantification of transcript levels of genes commonly used as markers of the major defence signalling pathways(PDF1.2,PR-1,NPR1,APX, CHB4)0–96 h after L.maculans challenge inoculation showed expression patterns indicating prefer- ential activation of the jasmonate/ethylene pathway and involved induction of NPR1 locally and sys- temically in leaves of plants pre-treated with L.biglobosa ascospores.

关键词：油菜黑胫病抗性黑胫病弱毒种诱导途径比较化学诱导

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From talk to action:Developing a model to foster effective integration of traditional medicine into the Ghanaian healthcare system

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第5期21卷 423-429页

作者： Irene G.Ampomah Bunmi S.Malau-Aduli Aduli E.o.Malau-Aduli Theophilus I.Emeto Public Health and Tropical Medicine James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia Department of Population and Health University of Cape CoastCape Coast UC 182Ghana College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook UniversityTownvilleQueensland 4811Australia School of Medicine and Public Health The University of NewcastleNewcastleNSW 2308Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleNewcastleNSW 2308Australia World Health organization Collaborating Centre for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia

This research assessed the experience of stakeholders and the efficacy of integrating traditional medicine into the Ghanaian health system using the Ashanti Region as the focal point.Elements of an integrative healthcare delivery model including philosophies/values,structure,process and outcome were used to conduct a quality assessment of the integrated health system in Ghana.Each element clearly showed that Ghana is currently not running a coordinated health practice model,thus making it a tolerant,rather than an inclusive,health system.Therefore,the primary purpose of this research is to discuss the development of a new and appropriately customised model that could enhance the practice of integrated healthcare in Ghana.The model we present has flexibility and far-reaching applicability in other African countries because such countries share similar socio-cultural and economic characteristics.As such,governments and health practitioners could adapt this model to improve the practice of integrated healthcare in their specific settings.Hospital administrators and health system researchers could also adapt the model to investigate or to monitor the progress and efficacy of integrated healthcare practices within their settings.This might help to understand the relationships between the integration of traditional medicine and health outcomes for a given population.

关键词： Ghana Healthcare Health practice Integratedhealth Traditional medicine Model

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Atomistic simulations of friction at an ice−ice interface

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Friction 2013年第3期1卷 242-251页

作者： N.SAMADASHVILI B.REISCHL T.HYNNINEN T.ALA-NISSILÄ A.S.foster CoMP Centre of Excellence Aalto University School of ScienceDepartment of Applied PhysicsP.O.Box 11100FI-00076 AaltoFinland Department of Physics Tampere University of TechnologyP.O.Box 692FI-33101 TampereFinland

Even though the slipperiness of ice is important both technologically and environmentally and often experienced in everyday life,the nanoscale processes determining ice friction are still unclear.We study the friction of a smooth ice-ice interface using atomistic simulations,and especially consider the effects of temperature,load,and sliding velocity.At this scale,frictional behavior is seen to be determined by the lubricating effect of a liquid premelt layer between the sliding ice sheets.In general,increasing temperature or load leads to a thicker lubricating layer and lower friction,while increasing the sliding velocity increases friction due to viscous shear.

关键词： ice friction nanoscale molecular dynamics TIP4P/ice

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Does microfinance foster the development of its clients?A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1023-1057页

作者： João Paulo Coelho Ribeiro Fábio Duarte Ana Paula Matias Gama CIICESI ESTGPolitécnico do PortoPortoPortugal School of Economics and Management and cef.upUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Research Center in Business Science(NECE) University of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal

This paper conducts a scientometric analysis and systematic literature review to identify the trends in microfinance outcomes from the perspective of their recipients,specifically more vulnerable people,while also focusing on the demand side.Applying the keywords“co-occurrence networks”and“citation networks,”we examined 524 studies indexed on the ISI Web of Science database between 2012 and March 2021.The subsequent content analysis of bibliometric-coupled articles concerns the main research topics in this field:the socioeconomic outcomes of microfinance,the dichotomy between social performance and the mission drift of microfinance institutions,and how entrepreneurship and financial innovation,specifically through crowdfunding,mitigate poverty and empower the more vulnerable.The findings reinforce the idea that microfinance constitutes a distinct field of development thinking,and indicate that a more holistic approach should be adopted to boost microfinance outcomes through a better understanding of their beneficiaries.The trends in this field will help policymakers,regulators,and academics to examine the nuts and bolts of microfinance and identify the most relevant areas of intervention.

关键词： Microfinance Microcredit Bibliometric analysis Economics Business finance

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