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Black phosphorus nanof.akes as morphology modif.er f.r ef.icient f.llerene-f.ee organic solar cells with high f.ll-f.ctor and better morphological stability

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Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 777-783页

作者： Weitao Yang Long Ye f.nf. Yao Chuanhong Jin Harald ade Hongzheng Chen State Key Laboratory of.Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization& Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of.Physics Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA State Key Laboratory of.Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Morphology of.the donor:acceptor blend plays a critical role in the photovoltaic perf.rmance of.the organic solar cells (OSCs).Herein,liquid-phase-exf.liated black phosphorus nanof.akes (BPNf.),f.r their outstanding electronic property and good compatibility to solution process,were applied to f.llerene-f.ee OSCs as morphology *** by X-ray scattering measurements,the PTB7-Th:IEICO-4f.blends incorporated with BPNf. exhibit more ordered π-π stacking and promoted domain purity,contributing to lower charge transport resistance and suppressed charge recombination within the bulk heterojunction (BHJ).As a result,a high f.ll f.ctor (f.) of.0.73 and a best power conversion ef.iciency (PCE) of.12.2% were obtained f.r f.llerene-f.ee OSCs based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4f.blends incorporating with BPNf.,which is among the highest f. of.the as-cast f.llerene-f.ee OSCs with PCE over 12%.More importantly,the embedded BPNf. help to improve the morphological stability of.the devices probably by retarding the phase mixing in the BHJ during the aging ***,analogous enhancements were observed in another f.llerene-f.ee OSCs based on PBDB-T:*** a word,this work provides a new strategy of.using two-dimentional nanof.akes as f.cile and universal morphology modif.er f.r ef.icient f.llerene-f.ee OSCs.

关键词： f.llerene-f.ee organic solar cells black phosphorus nanof.akes morphology tuning device stability

The impact of.f.uorination on both donor polymer and non-f.llerene acceptor:The more f.uorine,the merrier

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2400-2405页

作者： Nicole Bauer Qianqian Zhang Jeromy James Rech Shuixing Dai Zhengxing Peng Harald ade Jiayu Wang Xiaowei Zhan Wei You Department of.Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599USA Department of.Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of.Physics and ORaCEL North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina 27695USA

f.uorination of.the donor polymer or non-f.llerene acceptor (Nf.) in an organic photovoltaic device is an ef.ective method to improve device *** there have been many studies on donor polymer f.uorination,blends containing both a f.uorinated donor and f.uorinated Nf. have rarely been *** this study,we use two donor polymers (4'-f.-HTAZ and 4'-f.-f.AZ) and two Nf.s (ITIC-Th and ITIC-Th1) with dif.erent amounts of.f.uorine (f.om 2f.to 6f. to investigate how the degree of.f.uorination in a blend impacts device *** f.nd that f.uorinating the Nf. leads to a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) and f.ll f.ctor (f.),however,the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is decreased due to a depressed lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) *** additional f.uorine to the donor polymer does not have a large ef.ect on the Jsc or f.,but it does lead to an improved *** f.uorinating the Nf. and having more f.uorine on the donor polymer,we obtain both a high Jsc and Voc simultaneously,leading to a power conversion ef.iciency over 10% in the case of.4'-f.-f.AZ:ITIC-Th1,which has the most amount of.f.uorine (6f..

关键词： organic solar cells non-f.llerene acceptors f.uorination bulk heterojunction

Artif.cial Intelligence f.r Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Ef.iciency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

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Phyton-International Journal of.Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1569-1598页

作者： Sumit Sow Shivani Ranjan Mahmoud f.Seleiman Hiba M.Alkharabsheh Mukesh Kumar Navnit Kumar Smruti Ranjan Padhan Dhirendra Kumar Roy Dibyajyoti Nath Harun Gitari Daniel O.Wasonga Department of.Agronomy Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India Department of.Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of.Crop Sciences Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia UniversityShibin El-Kom32514Egypt Department of.Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAl Balqa Applied UniversitySalt19117Jordan Division of.Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstitutePusa CampusNew Delhi110012India Department of.Soil Science Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India Department of.Agricultural Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobi43844Kenya Department of.Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural *** the tremendous increase in population,the demand f.r f.od and employment has also increased signiﬁ*** methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of.chemical *** of.technologies such as the Internet of.Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artiﬁcial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these ***,there is a lack of.comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of.AI in improving agricultural input ef.*** address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,Scopus,Goo-gle Scholar,Web of.Science,and Science Direct f.r relevant *** of.327 initially identiﬁed articles,180 were deemed pertinent,f.cusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of.nutrients,water,and *** into account researchﬁndings worldwide,we f.und that AI technologies could assist f.rmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time f.r irrigation or herbicide *** present status of.AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds signiﬁcant promise f.r optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of.three pillars of.crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

关键词： Agriculture artiﬁcial intelligence crop management nutrient irrigation weed management resource use ef.ciency

Rate of.timber production in a tropical rainf.rest ecosystem of.Southwestern Nigeria and its implications on sustainable f.rest management

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Journal of.f.restry Research 2010年第2期21卷 225-230,I0007,I0008页

作者： V.A.J.ade-kunle A.O.Olagoke L.f.Ogundare f.deral University of.Technology Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Ondo State Ministry Of.Agriculture Forestry and FisheriesForestry and Wildlife Services

Timber harvesting data are very essential f.r sustainable management of.f.rest *** data are very scarce in developing ***,we collected and analyzed data on the rate of.timber production of.the f.ee areas and the f.rest reserves in Ondo State,*** data collected f.om the State Department of.f.restry＇s of.icial records,annual reports and f.les were on the species,volume and number of.dif.erent economic timbers exploited on monthly basis between 2003 and *** were done with the student t-test and one-way analysis of.*** reveal that the highest numbers of.species,f.milies and stems were exploited in the f.ee areas when compared with what was exploited f.om the reserves f.r the three-year ***,the total volume of.trees removed f.om the reserves was signif.cantly higher（p〈0.05） than what was removed f.om the f.ee areas.A total 60 dif.erent indigenous hardwood species in 25 f.milies were exploited f.om the f.ee areas,and 57 in 23 f.milies f.om the *** total number of.stems exploited f.om the f.rest ecosystem of.Ondo state during the three-year period stood at 111377 with an estimated volume of.295089.67 m^*** the mean number of.stems and volume exploited per annum is 37125 and 98363.22 m^3,*** monthly average number of.stems and volume is 3094 and 8196 m^3,*** t-test results show that there were signif.cant dif.erences（p〈0.05） in number of.stems and volume removed f.om the f.ee areas and the *** ANOVA results reveal a signif.cant increase（p〈0.05） in logging activities between the years of.2003 and 2004 but there was a decline in year *** trend reveals that economic timber species were disappearing f.om the f.rests and the ecosystem was seriously disturbed during logging *** f.r achieving the goals of.sustainable f.rest management（Sf.） and urgent conservation measures to mitigate the consequences of.f.rest degradation were suggested.

关键词： conservation measures f.rest estate illegal logging sustainable f.rest management timber harvesting

No Evidence of.Ef.ect on Male Mice Germ Cells Af.er Acute Treatment With Thiram

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1994年第4期7卷 320-326页

作者： M.E.TRAINA P. ade AND E. URBANI(Istituto Superiore di Sanita-299 viale Regina Elena, 00161-Rome, Italy) Istituto Superiore di Sanita Rome Italy.

Thiram is a dithiocarbamate compound widely used f.r industrial processes and agriculture. Animal studies reveal that this compound may af.tct the male reproductive system. Aim of.this study was to test, using sensitive testicular parameters, whether thiram directly af.ects germinal cells. f.r this purpose, B6C3f. mice were intraperitoneally injected with thiram in oil (single dose:75 mg/kg; repeated f.ve daily doses: 25 mg/kg).Although both treatments were toxic, none of.the parameters examined, i.e., testis weighi, spermatid head number,specif.c enzyme levels at dif.erent times af.er treatment (14, 28, 35, 56 days) showed signif.cant variations f.om the controls, On the contrary, in the positive controls (treated with chlorambucil), a marked reduction of.sperm head number as well as a deerease of.lactate dehydrogenasex and sorbitol dehydrogenase activity letels were evidenced at day 28, with a tendency to recover at day 35. Under these conditions thiram did not cause cytotoxicity on dif.erentiating spermatogonia and on late spermatocyte stages of.mice gonads

关键词： III No Evidence of.Ef.ect on Male Mice Germ Cells Af.er Acute Treatment With Thiram

Vertically aligned Ni/NiO nanocomposites with abundant oxygen def.cient hetero-interf.ces f.r enhanced overall water splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1885-1894页

作者： Hongxia Wang Meiyan Cui Gaoliang f. Jiaye Zhang Xingyu Ding Irene Azaceta Matthew Bugnet Demie M.Kepaptsoglou Vlado K.Lazarov Victor ade la Peña O’Shea f.eddy E.Oropeza Kelvin H.L.Zhang State Key Laboratory of.Physical Chemistry of.Solid Surf.ces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of.Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of.Nanocomposites and Applications Institute of Nanostructured Functional MaterialsHuanghe Science and Technology CollegeZhengzhou 450006China Department of.Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO105DDUK SuperSTEM Laboratory SciTech Daresbury CampusDaresbury WA44ADUK School of.Chemical and Process Engineering Univeristy of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Univ Lyon CNRSINSA LyonUCBLMATEISUMR 551069621 VilleurbanneFrance Photoactivated Processes Unit IMDEA Energy InstituteParque Tecnológico de MóstolesAvda.Ramón de la Sagra 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain

The design of.heterostructured transition metal-based electrocatalysts with controlled composition and interf.ces is key to increasing the ef.iciency of.the water electrolysis and the elucidation of.reaction *** this work,we report the synthesis of.well-controlled vertically aligned Ni/NiO nanocomposites consisting of.Ni nanoclusters embedded in NiO,which result in highly ef.icient electrocatalysts f.r overall water *** show that such a high catalytic ef.iciency toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)originates f.om a synergetic ef.ect at Ni/NiO interf.ces that signif.cantly reduces the energy barrier f.r water dissociation,and f.vours the f.rmation of.reactive H*intermediates on the Ni side of.the interf.ce,and OH_(ads) on the NiO side of.the interf.ce.A study of.water chemisorption based on near-ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the abundant hetero-interf.ces in Ni/NiO nanocomposite promote the dissociation of.water with a three-f.ld increase in the surf.ce concentration of.OH_(ads) compared with pure *** f.nctional theory calculations indicate that Ni/NiO interf.ce leads to the reduction of.the water dissociation energy barrier due to a high concentration of.oxygen vacancies at NiO side of.the interf.ce,whereas the f.rmation of.highly active metallic Ni sites with an optimal value of.Gibbs f.ee energy of.H*(ΔG_(H*)=−0.16 eV)owes to a f.vourable adjustment of.the electron energetics at the interf.ce,thus accelerating the overall electrochemical water splitting.

关键词： water splitting hydrogen evolution reaction electronic structure heterostructure vertically aligned nanocomposites

It's all about timing, early treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and corticosteroids is essential in acute acoustic trauma

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Journal of.Otology 2021年第4期16卷 237-241页

作者： A.B.Bayoumy R.P.Weenink E.Lvan der Veen f.S.Besseling-Hansen A.D.M.Hoedemaeker f.J.Mde Jong M.Hvan der Laan R.Swenker R.Avan Hulst J.ade Ru Department of.Otolaryngology Central Military HospitalMinistry of DefenseUtrechtthe Netherlands Department of.Anesthesiology and Department of.Hyperbaric Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of.Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands Diving Medical Centre Royal Netherlands NavyMinistry of DefenseDen Helderthe Netherlands

Background: Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) is an acute hearing impairment caused by intense noiseimpact. The current management strategy f.r AAT with substantial hearing loss in the Dutch militaryis the combination therapy with corticosteroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). In a previousstudy, early initiation of.the combination therapy was associated with better outcomes. Theref.re, weperf.rmed a new analysis to assess the dif.erence in hearing outcome between patients in whomcombination therapy was started within two days, versus af.er more than two ***: A retrospective analysis was perf.rmed on military patients diagnosed with AAT with substantial hearing loss who presented between f.bruary 2018 and March 2020. Absolute and relativehearing improvement between f.rst and last audiograms were calculated f.r all af.ected f.equencies(def.ned as loss of. 20 dB on initial audiogram). We also determined the amount of.patients whorecovered to the level of.Dutch military requirement, and perf.rmed speech discrimination ***: In this analysis, 30 male patients (49 ears) with AAT were included. The median age was 24.5years (IQR 23e29). The median time to initiation of.therapy with corticosteroids and HBOT were one andtwo days, respectively. HBOT was started within two days in 31 ears, and af.er more than two days in 18ears. The mean absolute and relative hearing gains were 18.8 dB (SD 14.6) and 46.8% (SD 31.3) on allaf.ected f.equencies. The 100% discrimination/speech perception level improved f.om 64.0 dB to 51.7 dB(gain 12.3 dB ± 14.1). There was signif.cantly more improvement in absolute and relative hearingimprovement when HBOT was started in 2 days, compared to >2 ***: Our analysis shows results in f.vor of.early initiation ( 2 days) of.the combination treatmentof.HBOT and corticosteroids in patients with AAT.

关键词： Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Acute acoustic trauma Hearing loss Corticosteroids Blast injury Noise-induced hearing loss

Properties of.Rattan Cane Reinf.rced Concrete f.cade Subjected to Axial Loading

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Journal of.Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第11期5卷 1048-1052页

作者： J. O. Akinyele f. A. Olutoge Department of.Civil Engineering University of Agriculture Deparment of.Civil Engineering University of Ibadan

The use of.steel reinf.rced concrete f.cade is gradually becoming unpopular because of.the damage caused to the elements as a result of.corrosion of.the steel reinf.rcement. It is now possible to build lightweight and slender concrete structures which are invulnerable to corrosion with the use of.f.ber reinf.rcements, which are gradually replacing the corrosion prone steel. This paper describes the construction of.f.qade panels made of.rattan cane reinf.rcements and steel reinf.rcements, ten number model sized elements of.area 0.15 m2 and a depth of.40 mm were considered, with f.ve panels f.r each reinf.rcement type. The elements were subjected to incremental load of.1 kN until f.ilure occurred. Def.ections were measured f.r each element, and crack width was measured at f.ilure load. The results f.r both types of.reinf.rcements when compared showed the rattan cane reinf.rced panels f.iling earlier than the steel reinf.rced panels. However a lower def.ction and crack width was recorded in the rattan cane reinf.rced panel. This paper concludes that the lower crack width f.rmed af.er f.ilure in the rattan cane reinf.rced panel gave it advantage over the steel reinf.rced panel, since it has lower space f.r the ingress of.water which is the main agents of.corrosion.

关键词： Rattan cane steel reinf.rcement corrosion f.qade crack width.

青海不同林分土壤微生物群落结构(PLf.)

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林业科学 2017年第3期53卷 21-32页

作者：字洪标向泽宇王根绪阿的鲁骥王长庭西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院成都610041 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041

【目的】研究青海省7种林分类型土壤微生物群落组成的变化规律,从微生物的角度为该区森林土壤资源的科学管理与评价以及林分结构调整和生态系统更新、恢复与重建提供科学依据。【方法】利用常规实验室分析和磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid f.t... 详细信息

【目的】研究青海省7种林分类型土壤微生物群落组成的变化规律,从微生物的角度为该区森林土壤资源的科学管理与评价以及林分结构调整和生态系统更新、恢复与重建提供科学依据。【方法】利用常规实验室分析和磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid f.tty acids,PLf.s)分析法对青海省云杉、白桦、落叶松和山杨组成的7种不同林分类型(大通青海云杉天然林A、大通白桦次生林B、湟中白桦青海云杉天然混交林C、乐都落叶松白桦天然混交林D、民和山杨人工林E、循化山杨白桦次生林f.尖扎青海云杉天然林G)表层土壤(0~20 cm)的土壤理化特征和微生物量及微生物群落结构的组成进行分析,并探索土壤微生物各菌群与土壤理化特性间的相关性。【结果】研究区不同林分类型土壤中共检测到17种PLf.生物标记,且PLf.生物标记的种类不尽相同,在A和B林分种类最多,而G林分种类最少;7种林分类型土壤中含量最高的PLf.生物标记是16:0,最丰富的脂肪酸种类是饱和脂肪酸;土壤微生物PLf.总量表现为B林分最高,G最低;细菌PLf.含量总体表现为阔叶林最高、针阔混交林其次,针叶林最低,真菌的PLf.含量明显表现为阔叶林>混交林>针叶林,且细菌的分布量显著大于真菌;7种林分类型土壤微生物多样性指数Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在f.G林分中显著小于其他类型,而McIntosh指数表现为A,B和D显著大于其他处理;主成分分析表明广义细菌和革兰氏阳性菌是土壤微生物群落类群的主要成分;冗余分析表明pH值、土壤含水量和细根生物量对土壤微生物群落的影响最大,其次为土壤有机碳含量、土壤密度和凋落物现存量。【结论】不同林分类型土壤微生物群落特征及其影响因子存在显著差异,在管理和利用森林生态系统时应考虑土壤微生物群落的变化特征,以便制定出合理的森林管理利用措施。

关键词：磷脂脂肪酸(PLf.s) 微生物群落林型土壤有机碳青海